黄瓜白粉病抗性基因定位及候选基因分析

【目的】通过对黄瓜白粉病抗性基因的精细定位,明确抗性基因的候选区段,为进一步克隆基因及解析基因功能奠定基础。【方法】本研究选用高抗白粉病资源(自交系‘74’)和感白粉病资源(自交系‘80’)配制杂交组合,构建F_1、F_2群体,利用单囊壳白粉菌鉴定亲本及群体白粉病抗性并进行遗传分析;采用BSA-seq的方法对黄瓜白粉病抗性基因进行初步定位,在此基础上在候选区段开发分子标记,进一步精细定位白粉病抗性基因。【结果】分离群体单株表型鉴定结果表明,自交系74的抗性是由不完全隐性基因控制的。BSA-seq技术初步将抗性基因定位于5号染色体15—25 Mb位置,命名为PM 74。最终,利用分子标记将抗性基因定位于SSR15321和SSR07531之间,遗传距离为3.06 c M,物理距离为238 444 bp,可解释41.95%的表型变异。生物信息学分析表明在候选区段内包含有17个候选基因,其中Cucsa.275630为TIR-NBS-LRR类基因。【结论】本研究将黄瓜白粉病抗性基因精细定位到约238 kb的候选区段内,区段内包含有一个TIR-NBS-LRR基因,该基因将是今后研究的重点候选基因。     

海参捕捞装置导航中低成本陀螺仪的降噪研究与试验

针对MEMS陀螺仪输出信号中含有的随机漂移噪声造成海参捕捞装置惯性导航精度明显下降的问题,采用时间序列分析法和Kalman滤波算法,对MEMS陀螺仪随机漂移噪声的削减问题进行研究。以MEMS惯性测量单元的实测数据和三维电子罗盘测量的姿态角为样本,对本研究的低成本陀螺仪的降噪效果进行测试,试验结果表明:1)经过降噪处理后的陀螺仪随机漂移信号的方差比陀螺仪原始采样信号的方差降低1个数量级,显著改善了陀螺仪随机漂移数据的精密度;2)以高精度三维电子罗盘实测的姿态角作为参考基准,将降噪后的陀螺仪随机漂移数据导入捷联惯导姿态更新算法程序,在300s时间内,解算出的俯仰角、横滚角和航向角的均方根误差RMSE全部小于1°;与降噪前相比,相应的俯仰角、横滚角、航向角的RMSE分别降低了170.5、97.6和42.5倍,明显提高了惯性导航精度。     

苯甲.嘧菌酯对几种作物炭疽病防效、安全性及品质的影响

为筛选高效、安全的防治炭疽病新药剂,通过田间试验进行新药剂筛选。试验结果表明,在药后的7天和14天,苯甲.嘧菌酯对苦瓜炭疽病的防效最好。与之相比较,在草莓和黄瓜上的防效也较为理想。研究表明,苯甲.嘧菌酯防治炭疽病效果良好、持效期长,是防治草莓、苦瓜、黄瓜炭疽病的理想药剂,同时,还能防治草莓病害、提高产量、改善草莓品质。生产上建议的使用剂量为450~600ml.hm-2。     

不同育苗基质对黄瓜生长及丛枝菌根真菌侵染的影响

为探讨丛枝菌根真菌在蔬菜育苗上应用的可能性,以黄瓜为供试作物进行适用育苗基质的筛选,研究其对菌根真菌侵染和作物苗期生长的影响。试验以Glomus etunicatum、Glomus intraradics、Glomu mosseae为供试菌根真菌,采用4种基质配方：分别是陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石（4:3:3）、(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭=9:1、(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+保水剂（9:1）、蛭石+保水剂（1:1）。结果表明：接种3种菌剂后,蛭石+保水剂处理侵染率显著最低在10%以下,其余3种基质处理侵染率均高于22.61%,尤其是接种G.intraradics后黄瓜幼苗根系侵染率最低为87%。黄瓜幼苗在(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭处理中壮苗指数显著高于其余3种基质处理;(陶粒+珍珠岩+蛭石)+草炭既获得了较高的丛枝菌根真菌侵染率又提高了幼苗壮苗指数,为菌根化苗培育的理想基质。     

降低营养液Mn（2＋）·Cu（2＋）和Zn（2＋）浓度对冷胁迫嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性的影响

[目的]研究低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液育苗对嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量,冷胁迫下SOD及其同工酶活性及电解质渗漏率的影响。[方法]用含有低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗,然后进行冷处理。[结果]降低营养液Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋浓度,嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性降低,电解质渗漏率增大,其中以Mn2＋浓度降低对SOD活性和电解质渗漏率的影响最大,Cu2＋次之,Zn2＋影响最小。[结论]可以通过改变营养液中Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋含量进而改变黄瓜的抗冷性。     

Preparation and study of an environmentally friendly seed-coating agent for cucumber

Traditional seed-coating agents are widely used, and their accumulative toxicity in soil brings a great hazard to natural environment and human health. In this study, a novel cucumber seed-coating agent was prepared from natural polysaccharide, fertilizer and microelement, etc. Results indicated that the agent had an excellent control effect on pests and increased yield by 8.5% to 9.3%, while the material cost was decreased by 16.7% compared with the traditional toxic seed-coating agent. In addition, the toxicity of the novel agent was also lower than that of traditional ones. Therefore, the application of the novel agent for cucumber is an appropriate option for controlling pests and replacing high toxicity ones.     

‘北京截头’×西双版纳黄瓜重组自交系群体重要农艺性状的遗传分析

利用‘北京截头’黄瓜×西双版纳黄瓜产生的永久性重组自交系(RIL)群体124个株系,对其苗期株高、第一雌花节位、第一分枝节位、初级分枝数、瓜长、瓜把长、瓜横径、瓜肉厚、瓜腔直径和单瓜重等10个重要农艺性状进行方差分析、相关分析和多元逐步回归分析以及通径分析。结果表明:这些性状在重组自交系群体中均存在双向超亲分离,分布频率大致接近正态分布。10个农艺性状在双亲之间均存在显著或极显著差异。瓜长和瓜横径均与单瓜重具有极显著相关关系,并解释了单瓜重89.0%的表型变异。瓜横径和瓜肉厚对单瓜重的通径分析与相关分析结果之间存在较大差异,表明通径分析更有利于解释性状之间的内在关系。     

Effect of salinity on growth and energy budget of red and green colour variant sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca)

Sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Selenca), tolerates salinity fluctuations inhabiting intertide zone. This study deals with growth, food intake, food conversion and the bioenergetic responses of the red variant (wet weight of 2.60 ± 0.11g) and green variant (wet weight of 2.56 ± 0.08 g) A. japonicus to different salinities of 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 psu at 16.5 ± 0.5°C. The results showed that salinity had a significant effect on specific growth rate (SGR) of both green and red variants A. japonicus (P < 0.05). Both colour variants of sea cucumber had highest SGR at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity below or above this point. Maximum SGR (the green 1.07 ± 0.08% day^?1, the red 1.14 ± 0.09% day^?1 respectively) is related with maximum food intake (FI) and highest food conversion efficiency (FCE) (P < 0.05) occurring at 30 psu. Only under 22 psu, the green variant grew faster than the red variant (P < 0.05), and under other four salinity treatments there was no significant difference between SGR of two colour variant holothruians (P > 0.05). Values of adaptable salinity scope for green and red variants sea cucumber survival are 18.5~39 psu and 20.9~38.6 psu respectively. The average energy budget formula of sea cucumber at 30 psu was: 100C = 6G +42F +3U+49R (C, energy ingested; G, energy for growth; F, energy loss as faeces; U, energy used for ammonia excretion; R, energy loss for respiration). The sea cucumber had maximum energy ingested (C) and highest proportion of energy for growth (G) at 30 psu, and then decreased when salinity is above or below this salinity. Both red and green variants of A. japonicus deposited for growth were very low, and the energy loss in faeces and energy for respiration accounted for the majority of assimilation energy. The result clearly showed that the optimum condition for farming green and red variants A. japonicus, both with respect growth and energy allocation, is the salinity scope of 26 ~ 30 psu.     

黄瓜保鲜技术研究进展

对黄瓜保鲜技术的理化、多糖及中草药贮藏方法进行了综述,提出了理化贮藏方法和中草药贮藏方法的不足,阐述了天然多糖在黄瓜保鲜中的应用,讨论了今后的主要研究方向。     

降低营养液Mn2+·Cu2+和Zn2+浓度对冷胁迫嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性的影响

[目的]研究低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液育苗对嫁接黄瓜叶片Mn、Cu和Zn含量,冷胁迫下SOD及其同工酶活性及电解质渗漏率的影响。[方法]用含有低浓度Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋营养液培育嫁接黄瓜幼苗,然后进行冷处理。[结果]降低营养液Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋浓度,嫁接黄瓜幼苗叶片SOD活性降低,电解质渗漏率增大,其中以Mn2＋浓度降低对SOD活性和电解质渗漏率的影响最大,Cu2＋次之,Zn2＋影响最小。[结论]可以通过改变营养液中Mn2＋、Cu2＋或Zn2＋含量进而改变黄瓜的抗冷性。