烯效唑浸种对不同水分条件下苦荞生长的影响

以"黑丰一号"苦荞[Fagopyrum tataricum(L.)Gaertn]为试验材料,采用不同浓度(0、40、80和120mg/kg)烯效唑浸种,探讨不同水分条件(正常供水、中度干旱和重度干旱)下烯效唑浸种对苦荞生长的抗旱效应。结果表明,烯效唑浸种降低了苗高,提高了苦荞的茎粗、叶面积、最大根长和根冠比;同时还提高了叶片相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量和根系活力。烯效唑处理降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量,从而降低了膜脂过氧化程度,提高了保护酶活性。采用80 mg/kg烯效唑浸种,在正常供水、中度干旱胁迫及重度干旱胁迫条件下,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性较对照均有不同程度的提高;苦荞株穗数、株粒数、百粒重较对照均有不同程度的提高。由此可见,80 mg/kg的烯效唑浸种可以提高苦荞的抗旱能力。     

不同荞麦品种落粒基因的筛选

为获得荞麦落粒性相关基因,分别选取甜荞、苦荞和金荞的不同品种不同组织混合样品进行转录组测序,通过数据库比对、功能分析与功能注释获取与落粒性相关的Unigene。设计引物通过RACE方法扩增候选基因,测序后将候选基因全长序列提交到NCBI数据库中,通过blast寻找候选基因的命名,用实时定量荧光PCR测候选基因的表达量。结果表明:得到6个候选基因,其中,根向光性蛋白基因、SOBIR1-like蛋白基因、NPR5-like蛋白基因主要在花器官的发育和形成过程中起调控作用,而SRG1-like蛋白基因、过氧化物酶基因和AGL蛋白基因主要在植物离区的形成和发育过程中起调控作用。NPR5-like蛋白基因在落粒品种与不落粒品种间的表达量差异最大。结论:NPR5-like蛋白基因在荞麦落粒过程中起一定的调控作用。     

K+和Mg2+对盐胁迫下荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

以耐盐荞麦品种川荞1号和盐敏感荞麦品种TQ-0808 为试验材料袁研究不同浓度K+和Mg2+对盐胁迫下荞麦种子萌 发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,不同浓度K+和Mg2+均对盐胁迫下荞麦种子萌发及幼苗生长有明显促进作用,10 mg/L K+和Mg2+对耐盐荞麦品种种子萌发及幼苗生长的促进效果最好,15 mg/L K+和Mg2+对盐敏感荞麦品种种子萌发及幼苗生长的促进效果最好,且最适浓度K+和Mg2+对盐敏感荞麦品种种子萌发及幼苗生长的促进效果优于耐盐荞麦品种。     

Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Möench and Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth) Hulls,Brans and Flours

The extracts from hulls, brans and flours of Fagopyrum esculentum Möench (FEM, three varieties) and Fagopyrum tartaricum L. Gaerth (FTG, seven varieties) were screened for free and bound phenolic content or total phenolic content (TPC), as well as 1,1 diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Free phenolics were predominant in buckwheat hulls, brans and flours. FEM hulls extract exhibited the highest reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity with the average EC₅₀ 84.54 μg mL^?1 and IC₅₀ 11.54 μg mL^?1 respectively, FTG brans extract had the highest average TPC (24.87 mg GAE g^?1 DW), and FEM flours extract showed the lowest TPC, reducing power and radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, the correlations among TPC, DPPH free radical scavenging activity and reducing power of all the samples were investigated. The rank correlation coefficient (r_s) between reducing power and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat hulls, between TPC and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of buckwheat flours were 0.76 and 0.79, respectively (P<>0.05). However, there is no significant correlation between the remaining indexes of hulls and flours, as well as the ten buckwheat brans. This result indicated that some non-phenolic compounds also contributed to the total antioxidant activity in hulls, brans and flours of buckwheats. This study demonstrated that buckwheat hulls and brans, rather than flours, are good source of antioxidants.     

荞麦新品种六苦3号的选育

为了选育适宜贵州种植的高产、优质荞麦新品种,以贵州地方品种八担山细米苦荞为亲本,采用系统选择法选育而成六苦3号荞麦新品种.在贵州省2009-2010年荞麦区域试验中,2年平均产量为145.1 kg/667m2,较对照九江苦荞增产12.16％,居参试品种第1位,2年9点次,8个试点增产,增产点占88.9％,增产6％以上的有7个点,达77.8％.该品种于2011年12月通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定(黔审荞2011001号).     

甜荞子粒总黄酮提取工艺的优化

为了充分利用荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)资源,以内蒙古甜荞子粒为研究对象,利用乙醇提取法提取子粒中总黄酮,并对其工艺进行优化.最终得出荞麦子粒总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数65％,水浴时间80 min,水浴温度60℃,料液比1:20(m/V,g:mL).     

气流膨化对苦荞全麦茶品质的影响

以苦荞(Fagopyrum tataricum)米为原料,在0.4～0.8 MPa气压下进行气流膨化,制得苦荞全麦茶样品.通过对比不同样品的感官评价得分、复水率、总黄酮含量、芦丁含量和槲皮素含量,分析气流膨化生产苦荞全麦茶的最好气压条件.结果表明,在0.6 MPa气压下苦荞全麦茶感官评价得分为81.10分、复水率为110.61％、槲皮素含量为0.91％,均为所测定的最高值,其中总黄酮含量为1.46％(干基,以芦丁计)和芦丁含量为0.73％,都处于较高水平;在0.6 MPa气压条件下气流膨化生产苦荞全麦茶综合品质最好.     

Association of Grain Shedding Habit with Polyploidy in Tartary Buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) Strains

Abstract

Sixty tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum) strains were investigated for grain shedding habit, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of plant, weight of grain, days to flowering after sowing and DNA content of nuclei. The grain shedding habit was evaluated from the breaking strength of pedicel and the percentage of the grains dropped by threshing. DNA content of nuclei was detected by flow cytometry to classify the polyploidy level. The fluorescence intensity of the flow cytometry demonstrated no difference between common buckwheat (F. esculentum) and tartary buckwheat, but a clear difference was detected between the diploid and the autotetraploid strains. The survey of DNA content of the 60 tartary buckwheat strains revealed that most of the strains were diploids, but one strain was autotetraploid. The autotetraploid strain exhibited less grain shedding, and produced the largest grains among the strains tested. However, the other characters of the autotetraploid strain, such as plant height, grain yield, dry weight of a plant, and days to flowering, were similar to the mode of the traits of the diploid strains.     

Varietal Differences of Flood Tolerance during Germination and Selection of the Tolerant Lines in Common Buckwheat

Abstract

We evaluated the varietal difference in the flood tolerance of germinated seed in 17 Japanese varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), including both local varieties and bred varieties or lines of different agroecotypes. Germinated seeds were flooded for 1 day in a growth chamber in June, July and August. The mean rate of seedling emergence from the seeds sown on different dates varied with the variety ranging from 20.4 to 57.4%. The mean emergence rate of summer agroecotypes (29.9%) was significantly lower than that of intermediate and late-summer agroecotypes (42.8 and 40.1%, respectively), and that of local varieties (44.2%) was significantly higher than that of bred varieties or lines (31.2%). These results suggest that inherent variation in flood tolerance was decreased by breeding as a result of a bottleneck effect. The local variety ‘Kitou zairai’, which exhibited a high and stable seedling emergence rate, may be a suitable choice in breeding for flood tolerance during germination. We also attempted to select for flood tolerance under mild selection pressure. Mass selection after four generations increased seedling emergence rate in five of six selected lines (with the exception of ‘Kitawasesoba’) compared with those of unselected populations, although the results varied with the line. These results indicate the possibility of breeding for flood tolerance during the germination period.     

苦荞泡酒的工艺条件

以苦养麸皮为原料,用白酒浸泡,探究苦荞麸皮中黄酮溶入白酒的最佳条件和感官评价。通过不同固液比、酒度和时间进行单因素试验,确定各单因素在苦荞麸皮泡酒中黄酮溶入的较适宜范围,再通过正交试验确定出黄酮溶入的最佳条件,并对各产品进行感官评价。结果表明,影响黄酮溶入的主次关系为酒度>时间>固液比;当酒度为60%,时间为5 h,固液比为1:25时,白酒中溶入黄酮含量最高为3%;其产品感官评价均良好。