Fatty acids profile,sterols, tocopherol and squalene content in Fagopyrum tataricum seed milling fractions

There is no data on the lipid profile of Fagopyrum tataricum grain and its milling products. Therefore, we aimed to assess the phytosterol and tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of the samples of F. tataricum. Grain was milled, then the milling product separated to hull, bran, and two flour fractions, differing in particle size. The highest level of lipids (total fatty acids – 83%, with dominant oleic acid – 40%) was observed in the bran fraction (380 μm > GA > 180 μm). All samples contained some natural cis fatty acids, such as vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7; ~2.8%) and tocopherol (α-, β-, δ- and γ-tocopherol). The highest content of total tocopherol was also detected in the bran fraction (0.1% of lipids). The content of lipid soluble bioactive substances was different and depended on the size of obtained fraction, therefore properly designed grain processing technology can be used to produce food with high nutritional value.     

昭通市荞麦白霉病的病原鉴定和生物学特性研究

 荞麦是云南山区的主要粮食作物之一，荞麦白霉病严重危害荞麦的生产，研究从昭通采回的病样，经单孢分离，显微观察病原，明确其致病病原为无性态真菌的异形柱隔孢（Ramularia anomalaPeck），确定为荞麦白霉病，同时进行了生物学特性和生长条件实验研究，结果表明该菌是一类对营养需求不高，对环境适应力强的病原菌。该病为昭通市首次报道。本研究为生产上防治荞麦白霉病提供了依据。     

荞麦新品种(系)在云南种植农艺性状的主成分和聚类分析

旨在筛选出最适合云南种植推广的新品种荞麦。对来自云南省内外14 份苦荞、8 份甜荞新品种（系）的8 个主要农艺性状，生育期、主茎分枝数、主茎节数、株高、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重、平均单产进行主成分和聚类分析。结果表明：苦荞的平均单产和单株粒重的遗传变异系数最大，分别是31.13%和26.38%，甜荞的单株粒数遗传变异系数最大是26.06%。应用主成分分析将8 个苦荞主要农艺性状简化为4 个综合指标，其累积贡献率为91.52%，甜荞的8 个主要农艺性状简化为3 个综合指标，其累积贡献率为92.92%。采用聚类分析，将14 份供试苦荞在遗传距离57.49 时，聚为3 类，将8 份甜荞在遗传距离39.46 时聚为3 类。基于性状表现，筛选到综合农艺性状表现优异、无倒伏、产量高，较适合云南推广种植的新品种（系），‘晋苦荞6号’、‘云荞1号’、‘六苦3号’、‘荞杂-2’、‘定甜荞2号’、‘本地大粒’。     

苦荞麦方便面中功能成分及加工品质研究

以小麦粉、不同比例的苦荞粉为试验原料制作荞麦方便面,研究荞麦方便面的功能性成分中芦丁的变化,分析荞麦方便面加工品质中的面条质构特性。结果表明,荞麦方便面加工后苦荞粉中芦丁的保留率为30%~45%,较好地保留了苦荞的营养价值;荞麦方便面中添加10%的苦荞粉,方便面的弹性与小麦方便面的弹性差异不显著;不同比例苦荞粉制作的方便面,其硬度差异显著。     

普通荞麦(Fagopyrum esculentum)形态性状的遗传规律研究

以普通荞麦（F.esculentum）25个具有不同相对性状的植株为亲本,成对进行人工杂交,构建了13个杂交子一代分离群体.通过对这些群体各植株进行形态性状考察,探讨了普通荞麦8对形态性状的遗传规律.结果发现花果落粒性（落粒、不落粒）、花药大小（正常、小）、主茎木质化3对性状表现出单基因遗传模式,花被片正面颜色（粉红、白）、瘦果棱形状（圆、尖）、瘦果棱初期颜色（红、绿）、瘦果初期颜色（浅红、浅绿）4对性状均为显性互补基因遗传.主茎木质化基因与落粒基因、瘦果棱初期颜色基因、瘦果初期颜色基因、瘦果棱形状基因之间,落粒基因与瘦果棱初期颜色基因、瘦果初期颜色基因、瘦果棱形状基因之间,瘦果初期颜色基因与瘦果棱形状基因之间,以及瘦果棱形状基因与花药大小基因、花被片正面颜色基因之间,均表现为独立遗传.     

响应面法优化绿茶荞麦酥配方

以苦荞麦为原料,超微绿茶粉为辅料,混匀后与熬制好的糖浆搅拌均匀,经压制、切割、成形等工艺制成绿茶荞麦酥。在单因素试验的基础上,以感官指标为评定指标,采用中心组合试验优化绿茶荞麦酥的配方。结果表明,绿茶荞麦酥的最佳配方是:苦荞麦100%,超微绿茶粉3.3%,麦芽糖浆20%,果葡糖浆29%,小苏打0.6%,食盐0.8%,奶油4.0%,此时的绿茶荞麦酥口感酥脆,而且具有茶香和苦荞麦清香。     

苦荞主要农艺性状与单株籽粒产量的相关和通径分析

[目的]为苦荞新品种的选育提供理论依据。[方法]将来自5个国家的55份苦荞品种(系)资源引种至四川栽培,经比较鉴定后对苦荞的单株籽粒产量与主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析。[结果]9个相关性状对单株籽粒产量影响的顺序:有效花序数>千粒重>生育期>总分枝数>主茎节数>一级分枝数>茎粗>株高。多元回归分析表明,主茎节数、一级分枝数、总分枝数、有效花序数、千粒重是影响单株粒重的主要因素。通径分析表明,有效花序数、千粒重对单株籽粒产量的直接效应较大,二者是荞麦品种选育的主要目标性状和高产栽培的主攻方向。[结论]综合考虑,苦荞高产株型应是:株高、主茎节数、一级分枝数、总分枝数适中,有效花序数多,千粒重较高,开花期短者。     

Phylogenetic relationships among natural populations of perennial buckwheat, Fagopyrum cymosum Meisn., revealed by allozyme variation

Twenty natural populations of F. cymosum, an insect-pollinated allogamous wild species of Fagopyrum, were investigated for their chromosome number and allozyme variation at 10 Ioci encoding 8 enzymes. Diploid populations were obtained in Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet in China, whereas tetraploid populations were obtained in Tibet, the Himalayan hills, Thailand and southern China. Both diploid and tetraploid populations maintained a large amount of allozyme variation. The average heterozygosity, H_e, ranged from 0.045 to 0.389 (0.213 on average). Tetraploid populations showed higher H_e values than diploid populations. Natural populations of F. cymosum were locally well differentiated (G_ST = 0.322), probably due to reproductive isolation between the two ploidy levels and to distribution over wide areas from southern China to the Himalayan hills. The phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method based on allozyme variation clarified two distinct groups of diploid populations, the Sichuan and Yunnan groups. As for the tetraploid populations, polyploidization occurred twice independently, once in Yunnan and once in eastern Tibet. Tetraploid F. cymosum diffused to warmer areas such as southern Yunnan and Thailand as well as to cooler areas of Tibet and the high Himalayan hills and became the most widely distributed of the Fagopyrum species.     

低糖荞麦蛋糕加工方法的研究

以荞麦、白砂糖、水和泡打粉为主要原料,对加工低糖荞麦蛋糕方法进行试验,通过正交试验,确定4者最佳添加量。试验结果表明,添加荞麦粉100g,面粉150g,白砂糖80g,水150g,泡打粉4g时生产出的蛋糕品质最佳。     

荞麦粉中黄酮类化合物提取工艺的研究

采用单因素及正交试验设计,对荞麦粉中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺进行了初步研究,优选了工艺参数。结果表明,在60℃条件下,用15倍的乙醇(65%)浸提3h,提取效果最佳。