苦荞重金属富集特征及低积累品种筛选

以贵州省威宁县7个当地主栽的苦荞品种(黔黑苦1号、黔苦2～7号)为材料,通过大田试验,研究不同苦荞品种对土壤中镉(Cd)、砷(As)、铅(Pb)、镍(Ni)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)等6种典型有害重金属的富集能力差异,采用内梅罗综合污染指数法评价苦荞受多种重金属污染情况,筛选重金属低积累的苦荞品种.结果表明,苦荞籽粒对重...     

荞麦饮料的研制

以荞麦为原料,经糊化、焙烤、微波浸提、调配、杀菌等工艺,研制出一种营养、健康的荞麦饮料。     

国家苦荞区试品种产量性能及稳定性分析

用2000～2001年连续两年国家苦荞品种区域试验所选用的7个苦荞品种(品系)在35个试点(2a)的数据资料,应用非参数统计方法——秩次分析法对参试品种产量进行综合分析和评价。结果表明:参试品种间产量性能及稳定性存在显著差异,其中KP9920和九江苦荞是较高产稳定性品种;黔威2号是中产具有平均稳定性品种;镇巴苦荞是较低产稳定性品种;黔威1号是较低产具有平均稳定性品种;昭905和榆6-21是不稳定性品种。     

荞麦生物活性物质及其功能研究进展

概述了荞麦生物活性成分如荞麦类黄酮、荞麦蛋白质、胰蛋白酶抑制剂及抗性淀粉的研究现状、存在问题以及发展方向.     

Origin of cultivated Tatary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) revealed by RAPD analyses

The phylogenetic relationships among cultivated landraces and natural populations of wild subspecies of Tatary buckwheat were investigated at the individual level by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on RAPD markers. As the PCR templates, DNA of individuals rather than bulked samples, was used. Ten individuals from 10 cultivated landraces, 71 individuals from 21 natural populations of wild subspecies, and 7 individuals from 3 weedy Tatary buckwheat were provided for RAPD analyses. Three groups were recognized: (1) all cultivated landraces and wild subspecies from central Tibet and northern Pakistan; (2) 10 individuals of wild subspecies from northwestern Yunnan; (3) the remaining individuals of wild subspecies from northwestern Yunnan and all individuals of wild subspecies from Sichuan. Group (2) was phylogenetically closely related to group (1). The origin of cultivated Tatary buckwheat, the hybrid origin of weedy Tatary buckwheat and of the wild populations from central Tibet and northern Pakistan are discussed. We arrive at the conclusion that cultivated Tatary buckwheat probably originated in northwestern Yunnan in China.     

脱硫石膏和磁化水对盐碱胁迫荞麦光合特性的影响

为探明荞麦光合作用对土壤盐碱胁迫下不同改良措施的响应特征与适应规律，设置盆栽试验，测定盐碱胁迫土壤采用脱硫石膏、磁化水改良处理后荞麦的光合光响应特征，分别采用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型和指数模型对荞麦叶片光响应曲线进行分析，确定了最优模型，并对不同处理下的荞麦光合特征参数进行了分析。结果表明：盐碱胁迫下，磁化水灌溉对荞麦的光合特征影响明显，荞麦净光合速率随脱硫石膏施用量的增大呈先增后减的趋势；非直角双曲线模型的模拟精度最高，可作为描述盐碱胁迫下荞麦叶片光响应曲线的最优模型；11t/hm2脱硫石膏施用量下的荞麦光合特征参数（暗呼吸速率、表观量子效率、最大净光合速率、光补偿点及光饱和点）显著高于其他处理，荞麦叶片对光强的适应能力增强，有利于促进荞麦积累有机物；磁化水灌溉对荞麦的光合光响应具有显著的促进作用。本研究可为寻求有效缓解盐碱胁迫对作物生长影响的调控方法提供参考。     

EMS诱变刺荞的形态突变体鉴定与分析

为构建苦荞EMS突变体库和为苦荞功能基因组学研究准备基础材料,利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS）诱变处理刺荞种子,对获得的M₂代材料进行生物学性状与农艺性状鉴定,并对部分M₂代材料播种家系进行验证。对M₂代全生育期田间表型进行观察鉴定,共获得480份突变体材料,包括子粒、叶片、茎秆及生育期等生物学特性与主要农艺性状突变体,变异类型丰富,尤其是首次发现了子粒多棱苦荞新材料,并发现了自然突变中少见的变异类型,如子粒开裂等变异类型。所构建的刺荞EMS突变群体较理想,可望有效用于苦荞功能基因组研究和苦荞遗传改良。     

旱地全膜覆土穴播荞麦田土壤水热及产量效应研究

2015—2017年在西北黄土高原半干旱区设全膜覆土穴播(FMS)和露地穴播(CK) 2种种植方式,研究西北黄土高原全膜覆土穴播对旱地荞麦农田土壤水分和温度、产量及水分利用效率的影响,为寻求半干旱区荞麦高产高效的技术途径提供理论依据。结果表明, FMS较CK使荞麦苗期提前2.0～2.7 d,分枝期提前2～3 d,现蕾期提前0～1.7 d,而灌浆期延长4.7～7.0 d。全膜覆土穴播(FMS)提高平水年(2015)和欠水年(2016)荞麦农田的土壤贮水量,较CK增加16.9mm和25.59mm,提高2.91%和5.79%,差异显著(P0.05),但丰水年(2017)处理间差异不显著。在平水年和丰水年,0～25 cm土壤平均温度FMS较CK分别增加2.27℃和2.20℃,但是在高温干旱年, FMS分枝期至灌浆期明显低于CK,全生育期内0～25cm土壤平均温度FMS较CK降低。成熟期FMS干物质量较CK增加13.46%～137.87%,叶面积指数增加16.22%～52.55%,株高增加12.78%～48.91%,单株粒重增加33.39%～60.90%,籽粒饱满率提高8.48%～9.14%。3年全膜覆土穴播荞麦生育期0～300cm土壤耗水量增加3.89%,但差异不显著,产量增加7.26%～95.25%,水分利用效率提高7.59%～87.08%,差异显著(P0.05),而且越干旱年份增产增效愈加明显。全膜覆土穴播能够提高荞麦播前土壤贮水量,降低高温时段的土壤温度,延长灌浆期,显著提高叶面积指数和生物量,促进荞麦植株发育,使得产量和水分利用效率明显升高。     

Effect of gaseous ozone treatment on the microbial and physicochemical properties of buckwheat-based composite flour and shelf-life extension of fresh noodles

In recent years, the application of gaseous or aqueous ozone in the processing of flour and noodles has been reported. However, little information is available about buckwheat-based (buckwheat-wheat-gluten) composite flour treated with gaseous ozone and fresh noodles made from the flour. This study investigated the microbial count, and physicochemical properties of buckwheat-based composite flour treated with gaseous ozone at 2.4 g h⁻¹ for 0, 2.5, 7.5 and 15 min and the shelf-life of fresh buckwheat noodles made from ozone-treated buckwheat-based composite flour (OTBF). Gaseous ozone significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the microbial total plate count and increased the CIE L* value, water absorption, development time, and stability time of the OTBF. The peak viscosity, final viscosity, setback, swelling capacity and solubility of the flour were also enhanced by ozone treatment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that ozone treatment facilitated the formation of more clumps and exposure of starch granules in the composite flour. In addition, gaseous ozone treatment at 2.4 g h⁻¹ for 15 min significantly suppressed microbial growth and reduction of L* value, maintained the overall sensory acceptability during the whole storage period, and the shelf-life of fresh noodles prepared from ozone-treated flour was extended to 96 h.     

Fatty acids profile,sterols, tocopherol and squalene content in Fagopyrum tataricum seed milling fractions

There is no data on the lipid profile of Fagopyrum tataricum grain and its milling products. Therefore, we aimed to assess the phytosterol and tocopherol content and fatty acid profile of the samples of F. tataricum. Grain was milled, then the milling product separated to hull, bran, and two flour fractions, differing in particle size. The highest level of lipids (total fatty acids – 83%, with dominant oleic acid – 40%) was observed in the bran fraction (380 μm > GA > 180 μm). All samples contained some natural cis fatty acids, such as vaccenic acid (C18:1 n-7; ~2.8%) and tocopherol (α-, β-, δ- and γ-tocopherol). The highest content of total tocopherol was also detected in the bran fraction (0.1% of lipids). The content of lipid soluble bioactive substances was different and depended on the size of obtained fraction, therefore properly designed grain processing technology can be used to produce food with high nutritional value.