猪干扰素α在昆虫细胞中分泌表达及其抗病毒活性检测

 【目的】为获得重组猪干扰素α。【方法】本研究应用Bac-to-Bac杆状病毒/昆虫细胞表达系统,将编码成熟猪干扰素α基因插入供体质粒pFastBacⅠ多克隆位点,置于pH启动子控制下,昆虫可识别的蜂素信号肽（honeybee melittin signal peptide,HBM）取代猪干扰素α原有信号肽以实现分泌型表达,并在C端融合6个组氨酸标签以利于纯化。将构建质粒转化DH10感受态细胞进行同源重组,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得重组穿梭质粒Bacmid,转染对数生长期的Sf9昆虫细胞获得重组杆状病毒。【结果】重组蛋白通过间接免疫荧光、Western-blot证明重组蛋白在重组杆状病毒感染的昆虫细胞中获得分泌表达。通过在猪肾细胞（PK-15）上抑制水泡性口炎病毒（VSV）致病变作用检测重组蛋白的抗病毒活性,结果表明：昆虫细胞上清的抗病毒效价达到1.07×105 U?ml-1,昆虫细胞裂解液的抗病毒效价为3.15×104 U?ml-1。【结论】应用蜂素信号肽实现猪干扰素α在昆虫细胞上分泌表达,为临床上防治猪病毒性疫病奠定了基础。     

A brief review of microRNA and its role in PRRSV infection and replication

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a single-stranded RNA virus, mainly infects cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage. Recently, host microRNAs were shown to be capable of modulating PRRSV infection and replication by multiple ways such as targeting viral genomic RNA, targeting viral receptor and inducing antiviral response. MicroRNAs are small RNAs and have emerged as important regulators of virus-host cell interactions. In this review, we discuss the identified functions of host microRNAs in relation to PRRSV infection and propose that cellular microRNAs may have a substantial effect on cell or tissue tropism of PRRSV.     

Effect of ribavirin on junin virus infection in guinea pigs

Junin virus (JUNV) is the aetiological agent of Argentine haemorrhagic fever. The pathogenesis of the infection is not well understood, no licensed vaccines exist and no specific antiviral therapy is available. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability of ribavirin to delay and reduce JUNV disease and virus burden in guinea pigs without preventing death. Based on available data, we performed three different studies to determine the efficacy of ribavirin against JUNV in the guinea pig model with a focus on survival. Different doses and treatment schedules of ribavirin were tested in a lethal model of JUNV infection. Our results show that prolonged treatment with high doses of ribavirin significantly reduces the mortality in guinea pigs infected with JUNV. These results may be useful in future experimental studies or clinical testing.     

抗猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒药物的体外筛选

试验旨在检测抗病毒药物对猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒的有效性。利用F81细胞建立抗猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒药物的体外筛选模型,采用MTT法检测,计算病毒的抑制率。结果显示,阿昔洛韦、利巴韦林、L-赖氨酸、板蓝根和黄芪多糖的半数有效浓度（IC₅₀）分别为9.5、3.3、3.4、161.0和4.7 μg/mL,聚肌胞IC₅₀为6.0 mg/mL,治疗指数TI分别为76.8、39.3、2 588.0、4.5、78.7和5.8。结果表明,L-赖氨酸和黄芪多糖为高效抗猫传染性鼻气管炎病毒药物。     

鸡β干扰素在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其抗病毒活性测定

为研究鸡β干扰素（chicken interferon-β,ChIFNβ）蛋白在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抗病毒活性,将克隆的ChIFNβ基因亚克隆至酵母表达载体pPICZα-A中,构建重组质粒pPIC-ChIFNβ。将鉴定正确的质粒pPIC-ChIFNβ线性化,通过电转化整合到毕赤酵母菌株X-33基因组中,得到阳性菌株。经1.0%甲醇连续诱导4 d,表达产物利用SDS-PAGE电泳、细胞病变抑制法等进行分析。ChIFNβ在酵母中获得了分泌型表达,表达产物分子质量约为17 ku。表达产物以细胞病变抑制法检测其活性,效价为10^7.5 U/mL;在鸡胚中能有效抑制禽流感病毒H9N2的增殖。动物攻毒保护试验结果显示,表达的蛋白可提供70%的免疫保护。表达的ChIFNβ蛋白具有较好的抗病毒活性,本研究可为ChIFNβ的应用提供重要参考。     

Sulphated Polysaccharides from Ulva clathrata and Cladosiphon okamuranus Seaweeds both Inhibit Viral Attachment/Entry and Cell-Cell Fusion,in NDV Infection

Sulphated polysaccharides (SP) extracted from seaweeds have antiviral properties and are much less cytotoxic than conventional drugs, but little is known about their mode of action. Combination antiviral chemotherapy may offer advantages over single agent therapy, increasing efficiency, potency and delaying the emergence of resistant virus. The paramyxoviridae family includes pathogens causing morbidity and mortality worldwide in humans and animals, such as the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) in poultry. This study aims at determining the antiviral activity and mechanism of action in vitro of an ulvan (SP from the green seaweed Ulva clathrata), and of its mixture with a fucoidan (SP from Cladosiphon okamuranus), against La Sota NDV strain. The ulvan antiviral activity was tested using syncytia formation, exhibiting an IC₅₀ of 0.1 μg/mL; ulvan had a better anti cell-cell spread effect than that previously shown for fucoidan, and inhibited cell-cell fusion via a direct effect on the F0 protein, but did not show any virucidal effect. The mixture of ulvan and fucoidan showed a greater anti-spread effect than SPs alone, but ulvan antagonizes the effect of fucoidan on the viral attachment/entry. Both SPs may be promising antivirals against paramyxovirus infection but their mixture has no clear synergistic advantage.     

Antimicrobial Compounds from Eukaryotic Microalgae against Human Pathogens and Diseases in Aquaculture

The search for novel compounds of marine origin has increased in the last decades for their application in various areas such as pharmaceutical, human or animal nutrition, cosmetics or bioenergy. In this context of blue technology development, microalgae are of particular interest due to their immense biodiversity and their relatively simple growth needs. In this review, we discuss about the promising use of microalgae and microalgal compounds as sources of natural antibiotics against human pathogens but also about their potential to limit microbial infections in aquaculture. An alternative to conventional antibiotics is needed as the microbial resistance to these drugs is increasing in humans and animals. Furthermore, using natural antibiotics for livestock could meet the consumer demand to avoid chemicals in food, would support a sustainable aquaculture and present the advantage of being environmentally friendly. Using natural and renewable microalgal compounds is still in its early days, but considering the important research development and rapid improvement in culture, extraction and purification processes, the valorization of microalgae will surely extend in the future.     

奶牛β-干扰素在大肠杆菌中高效表达和生物活性分析

提取经植物血凝素诱导培养的中国健康奶牛外周血淋巴细胞总RNA,应用RT-PCR方法扩增出奶牛β-干扰素成熟蛋白基因并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体上。测序结果表明,扩增片段为奶牛β-干扰素成熟蛋白序列,与GenBank上发表的干扰素序列同源性为100%。将其重组到原核表达载体pET32a(+)上,并在大肠杆菌BL21中实现了高效表达。表达产物以His-Tag融合蛋白的形式存在,表达量约占细菌总蛋白的40%。用镍亲和层析法对蛋白进行纯化,并利用VSV-MDBK/IBRV细胞系统分析其生物活性。重组奶牛β-干扰素抗病毒活性分别约3.16×105U/mL,7.5×104U/mL。结果表明,重组奶牛β-干扰素特异性好,而且抗病毒活性比较稳定。本研究为研制和开发重组奶牛β-干扰素类生物制品研发奠定了基础。     

猪β-干扰素的基因改造表达及其抗猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒活性测定

本研究根据GenBank上登录的猪β-干扰素基因成熟肽核苷酸序列(mPoIFNβ),在保持原猪β-干扰素蛋白序列不变的基础上,对猪β-干扰素基因进行了毕赤酵母偏嗜性改造,并构建了毕赤酵母重组表达质粒pPICZαC-PoIFNβ。pPICZαC-PoIFNβ经SacⅠ酶切线性化后,电击转化导入感受态的毕赤酵母菌株X-33中,转化子经YPDS+Zeocin抗性平板筛选和PCR鉴定后获得多株阳性菌株。阳性酵母菌株经甲醇诱导分泌表达了重组PoIFNβ,其表达量约为127.9 mg/L。表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测,结果表明,表达产物为分子质量约25和28 ku的混合物,并且二者都可与PoIFNβ阳性血清结合。以细胞病变抑制法测定重组β-干扰素在BHK-21细胞上的抗水泡性口炎病毒活性为2.8×10³ IU/mL;对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)在Marc-145细胞上抗病毒活性达到1.6×10³ IU/mL。     

硫酸多糖抗病毒作用研究进展

硫酸多糖是指糖羟基上带有硫酸根的多糖,可经天然提取或硫酸化的结构修饰而得到。近年的研究证明硫酸多糖无论在体内还是在体外,都显示了不同程度的抗病毒活性,尤其是与目前使用的其他抗病毒药物相比,其细胞毒作用较小而得到广泛的关注,其抗病毒作用机理是通过抑制病毒的吸附而阻止了合胞体的形成发挥作用的。通过筛选适宜大小分子量和结构改造,降低其毒副作用,硫酸多糖有望成为继病毒逆转录酶活性抑制剂、蛋白酶抑制剂后的又一类潜在的新型抗病毒药物,将在抗病毒感染方面显示出重要的作用,具有广阔的应用前景。文章就近年来国内外硫酸多糖的抗病毒作用进行了综述。