大豆子叶节再生中植物生长调节剂浓度及基因型筛选

以黑农35为实验材料,对大豆子叶节再生过程中种子的灭菌方法、萌发培养基中植物生长调节剂的浓度、丛生芽分化、生根培养与驯化等过程中植物生长调节剂的浓度进行研究,确定了大豆组培过程中最适合的种子灭菌方法是氯气灭菌法,确定了萌发培养基中的6-BA浓度为2mg/L,丛生芽分化培养基中6-BA浓度为1.70mg/L,GA3浓度为0.5mg/L时,分化率最高（78.1%）生根培养基中添加0.37mg/ LNAA更适合根的生长。采用此方法对北方37个主要栽培大豆品种进行了基因型筛选,确定了合丰25、黑农35、合丰35、绥农10、绥农14等5个比较适合的大豆基因型。     

Direct plant regeneration from nodal explants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Balanites aegyptiaca</Emphasis> L. (Del.): a valuable medicinal tree

This report describes in vitro shoot induction and plant regeneration from nodal segments of Balanites aegyptiaca on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 6-benzyladenine (BA), thidiazuron (TDZ) and kinetin (Kin) (0.5–20.0 μM). MS medium supplemented with BA (12.5 μM) was the most effective in inducing bud break and growth and also in initiating multiple shoot proliferation. However, the optimal level of TDZ supplementation to the culture medium was 5.0 μM. Shoot cultures were established by repeatedly subculturing the original nodal explants on the same medium. Highest number of shoots (11.5 ± 0.7) and shoot length (5.0 ± 0.2 cm) were achieved when cultures were subcultured on MS medium supplemented with 12.5 μM BA and 1.0 μM α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). The shoots regenerated from TDZ supplemented medium when subcultured to hormone free MS basal medium considerably increased the rate of shoot multiplication and shoot length by the end of fifth subculture. Rooting of the shoots was achieved on MS medium augmented with 1.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) plus 0.5% activated charcoal followed by their transfer to half strength MS basal medium. The in vitro raised plantlets with well developed shoots and roots were successfully established in earthen pots containing garden soil and were grown in greenhouse with 70% survival rate. The results of this study provide the first successful report on in vitro direct plant regeneration of B. aegyptiaca.     

White-tailed deer herbivory and timber harvesting rates: Implications for regeneration success

Herbivory by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can affect forest regeneration. Typical measures to ensure forest regeneration have included physical barriers or direct manipulation of deer densities. However, altering silvicultural practices to provide abundant deer forage has not been tested thoroughly. We examined browse species preferences and changes in herbivory rates in 1–6 year old regeneration areas from 2001 to 2004 in the central Appalachians on the MeadWestvaco Wildlife and Ecosystem Research Forest in West Virginia. Woody vegetation reached the maximum plot coverage by the 4th growing season. However, the establishment of less abundant woody species, such as northern red oak (Quercus rubra), may be inhibited when browsed greater than or proportionally to occurrence. Herbivory rates declined precipitously as the amount of early successional habitat increased on our study site. We conclude that providing approximately 14% of an area in well-distributed, even-aged managed forests can have substantial impacts on reducing herbivory rates. However, management practices also should consider harvesting effects on hard mast production, habitat requirements of other species, and hardwood lumber marketability.     

Suckering response of aspen to traffic-induced-root wounding and the barrier-effect of log storage

In a growth chamber, we tested how the seasonal timing of placing a physical barrier (simulating a possible effect of log storage) and inflicting root damage impacted aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) root systems and their suckering capability. Roots from 4-year-old saplings were used, and one half of these root systems had the above-ground portion cut in the winter (dormant) while the other half was cut during the growing season in the summer. Damage was inflicted to the roots by driving a large farm tractor over them, and a covering treatment was applied using a polystyrene board to prevent suckers from emerging from the soil. Soil temperatures for the winter-cut root systems were kept at 5 °C over the growing season, using a water bath, while for the summer-cut root systems soil temperatures were maintained at 17 °C over the growing season. In the winter-cut root systems, both log storage and root wounding caused a 40% reduction in living root mass and carbohydrate reserves, as well as reducing sucker numbers and their growth performance. In the summer-cut root systems log storage and root wounding reduced living root mass by approximately 35% as well as sucker growth, but had less of an impact on the number of suckers produced.     

Explaining conifer dominance in Afrotemperate forests: Shade tolerance favours Podocarpus latifolius over angiosperm species

We contrasted the regeneration success of angiosperm canopy species with that of Podocarpus latifolius to test whether this conifer was sufficiently shade tolerant to be favoured on infrequently disturbed and well-shaded sites. Seedling and sapling population structures were measured in several habitats representing a light gradient in warm temperate forest in the Drakenberg mountains of South Africa. The angiosperm-dominated forest was well-shaded (∼5.5% PAR) and lacked ground vegetation. Seedlings of angiosperm canopy species were abundant but the absence of saplings indicated regeneration failure. In contrast, P. latifolius was represented by all size classes beneath the intact canopy indicating continuous regeneration in angiosperm-dominated forest. Angiosperm regeneration was similarly poor in forest gaps, which were dominated by grasses, ferns and vines. P. latifolius entered the advanced regeneration in gaps by establishing in shade before gap formation. The floor of the Podocarpus-dominated forest was less shaded (∼7.5% PAR) than angiosperm-dominated forest and dominated by grass, which suppressed most conifer regeneration. Gaps in Podocarpus forest were more than double the size of gaps in angiosperm forest and dominated by vines and understorey shrubs. There was no clear winner of the angiosperm–conifer contest in Podocarpus forest gaps. Consequently, gaps maintain limited angiosperm diversity in Podocarpus forest. Angiosperm canopy species regenerated continuously in the high light (∼11.5% PAR) thicket environment. Few seedlings of P. latifolius were recorded in the thicket environment. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that shaded and infrequently disturbed forest sites favour shade-tolerant conifers over relatively light-demanding angiosperm species. The outcome of the competitive interaction between angiosperm and conifer at the regeneration phase depends on the relative shade-tolerance of associated species.     

Ecology and regeneration of tropical dry forests in the Americas: Implications for management

Dry forests represent the most endangered ecosystem in tropical regions and continue to be one of the most sought after environments for human colonization, development and production. In spite of this, dry forests are one of the least well studied tropical habitats. This special issue is dedicated to reviewing much of the information that exists about tropical dry forest in the Americas. The introduction summarizes the articles presented herein, highlighting management strategies that are suggested throughout the special issue that may be useful for conserving tropical dry forest environments.     

提高草木犀遗传转化植株再生率技术的研究

[目的]确定草木犀遗传转化植株的适宜的除草荆选择压力。[方法]分别以草木犀试管苗的子叶、下胚轴和破坏生长点的茎尖为外植体,在含有0、1、3、5、10mg／L除草剂草丁膦的分化培养基Ms＋BA3mg/L＋LAA0．2mg/L中对其进行分化培养,筛选适宜的除草剂选择压力,在此选择压力下,对外植体进行遗传转化,并对转化芽进行分子水平检测。[结果]当除草剂浓度为3mg/L时,所有外植体均无再生芽;转化培养后,子叶、下胚轴和破环生长点的茎尖的再生率分别为0．48％、4．29％和10．1t％;分子水平检测结果显示,外源基因已成功转入草木犀转化芽中。[结论]除草剂对草木犀外植体的适宜选择压力为3mg／L,破坏生长点的草木犀茎尖对外源基因的转化效率较高。     

视黄酸诱导动物再生研究进展

综述了视黄酸的概念及其衍生物的特征,探讨了视黄酸对脊椎动物再生作用模式和"超再生"的影响,分析了视黄酸对水螅、蚯蚓、扁形动物和节肢动物等无脊椎动物再生能力的影响,并进一步分析了视黄酸对无脊椎动物发育和再生模式的作用。     

蛹虫草原生质体的制备和再生研究

研究了不同渗透压稳定剂、酶的种类及浓度、温度、pH、β-巯基乙醇预处理等条件对蛹虫草原生质体制备的影响,以及不同培养基对原生质体再生的影响。结果显示蛹虫草菌株原生质体的最佳制备和再生条件为:0.7 mol/L氯化钠作为渗透压稳定剂,纤维素酶5 mg/dL、蜗牛酶5 mg/dL、溶菌酶5 mg/dL、溶壁酶10μL混合酶解6 h,酶解温度为30℃,最佳pH 5,再生培养基为PDA(添加0.7 mol/L氯化钠)。     

菜用大豆高效胚尖离体再生基因型筛选

以华东地区4个主栽菜用大豆品种(交大05-133、交大02-89、沪宁96-10、青酥二号)的胚尖为起始外植体,研究消毒方法、预培养天数、6-BA浓度和培养基组合等对不定芽的诱导和伸长的影响。结果表明:用0.1%HgCl2消毒10 min后配合5%的NaClO消毒5 min,消毒效果最佳,胚尖活力好,且适用于各个品种;预培养时间为2 d,6-BA浓度为3.0 mg.L-1,有利于菜用大豆不定芽的诱导;1.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1NAA培养基组合有利于增加有效不定芽数;0.05 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1IBA培养基组合有利于不定芽的伸长;交大05-133为最佳胚尖离体再生基因型,其分化频率为90.86%,诱导15 d后外植体平均不定芽数为4.65个,不定芽平均长度为1.38 cm。