珠美海棠叶片离体培养与植株再生

将珠美海棠试管苗叶片接种于附加NAA0.3 mg·L-1和不同体积分数的6-BA(1.0～6.0 mg·L-1)的MS培养基中进行离体培养,结果表明,6-BA为1.0～3.0 mg·L-1的处理芽再生率为6.7%～31.8%,而根的再生率为26.7%～28.3%.6-BA为4.5和6.0 mg·L-1处理芽再生率分别高...     

Identification of intra-accession genetic diversity in selfing crops using AFLP markers: implications for collection management

Germplasm conserved as seeds in genebanks requires regular regeneration. In this process, selection and genetic drift may cause loss of genetic diversity from accessions. In the case of selfing crops, separation of distinct lines into different accessions may be an efficient strategy to avoid these negative effects. In order to evaluate the applicability of this method for collection management, knowledge about the level of intra-accession genetic diversity is required. By means of AFLP analysis intra-accession variation was investigated in two cultivars, two landraces and two wild populations of ex situ conserved barley germplasm. In the total sample of 216 individuals analysed (36 per accession), 22 genotypes were observed based on 104 polymorphic loci. The number of genotypes detected ranged from 1 to 3 per accession, except for a Nepalese landrace that revealed 12 genotypes. An UPGMA cluster analysis grouped the genotypes unambiguously into the accession they belonged to and genotypes within accessions were generally found to be closely related. In order to determine the repeatability of the results obtained, 11 individuals belonging to 4 genotypes from the Nepalese landrace were scored for a second set of AFLP markers. Matrices of genetic distances calculated for the two AFLP datasets were found to be highly correlated (r = 0.9346, P < 0.001). Separation of genotypes into different accessions was considered a relevant option only for the Nepalese landrace. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that this accession could be well divided into 8 distinct lines. Further implications of the results for genebank practices are discussed.     

培养条件对甘蓝型黄籽油菜下胚轴的再生影响

以甘蓝型黄籽油菜GH01的下胚轴为材料，研究影响外植体芽再生的因素。试验结果表明，苗龄、预培养基的激素浓度和预培养时间、分化培养基等对芽再生频率均有较大影响。8d苗龄的下胚轴置MS 1．5mg／L2，4-D 0．1mg／L6-BA培养基预培养4d后，转分化培养基MS 4．0mg／L6-BA 0．05mg／LNAA 5．0mg／LAgNO3 0．6mg,／LGA3培养，可获得较高的芽再生频率。添加5mg／LAgNO3处理可防止外植体褐化并有利于芽分化；0．6mg／L GA3处理可促进胚状体形成，提高芽再生频率。GH01最高芽再生频率为40．50％。     

超级稻蓄留再生稻不同促蘖肥施用量对比研究

[目的]探讨总结超级稻+再生稻促蘖肥适宜施用量。[方法]种植超级稻+再生稻,超级稻收割2~3 d后施放不同量的尿素(分为7个处理)作为促蘖肥,进行对比试验。[结果]收割后3 d追施促蘖肥225~375 kg/hm2尿素对提高再生稻产量有显著效果。[结论]不施或少施促蘖肥对再生稻产量会造成影响;多施促蘖肥再生稻产量不会提高反而造成浪费,适宜用量可以做到节本增收。     

木麻黄2号抗病无性系在沿海地区防护林换代更新中的作用

简述了木麻黄2号抗病无性系在沿海地区防护林换代更新中的作用，并对更新造林的效果进行了分析。     

包衣尿素在春白菜上的应用效果研究

以枣优良品种骏枣为试材,研究了多种因素对其离体叶片及大田幼嫩茎段再生效率的影响。结果表明,幼嫩茎段再生较容易。叶片再生与生长调节物质种类和浓度及叶片成熟度有关。枣叶片不定芽再生的最佳培养基为1/2MS(大量元素减半) TDZ0.5mg/L IBA0.2mg/L。不定芽再生率以上部叶片最高。     

The natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest in Xiaoxing’an Mountains

According to a great deal of field investigation and detailed indoor analysis, the natural regeneration pattern and process of Korean pine population under natural Poplar-birch forest has been uncovered. The results show that the regeneration quantity and quality of Korean pine population under mountainous Poplar-birch forest and mountainous white birch forest are better than those under valley moss-grass White Birch forest and virgin broad-leaved Korean pine forest. Korean pine population shows aggregated distribution, the mass-occurrence period of Korean pine population is behind the mass-occurrence period of Poplar-birch population. Various aged Korean pines growth is affected by different stand structure factors. Man-made lighting tending can accelerate the regeneration process and increase the regeneration quality of Korean pine population. It is feasible to set up regeneration recombination of upper layer White Birch and lower layer Korean pines.     

湖北麦冬叶片快繁体系的建立

[目的]建立湖北麦冬叶片的快繁体系。[方法]以湖北麦冬幼嫩叶片为外殖体,以MS为基本培养基,向其中添加不同浓度的6-BA、NAA、GA后进行培养,探讨外源激素对其愈伤形成、不定芽分化、增殖与不定根形成的影响。[结果]采用MS+0.1～2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.01～0.5 mg/L NAA培养基,愈伤诱导率在20%以上;采用MS+0.1～1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.01～0.5 mg/LNAA+0.1～1.0 mg/L GA培养基,对芽的生长及增殖效果好,说明GA具有提高成苗率的作用;采用1/2MS+0.1～0.5 mg/L NAA或0.1 mg/L IBA或0.1～0.5mg/L IAA,20 d内生根率可达97%以上。在腐叶土∶珍珠岩=5∶3的基质中驯苗,成活率可达90%以上。[结论]优选出了湖北麦冬叶片的最佳快繁体系,为麦冬的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

Response of Coniferous Forest Ecosystems on Mineral Soils to Nutrient Additions: A Review of Swedish Experiences

Nitrogen (N) is the only nutrient that promotes forest growth when given individually. An extra stem growth of 15 m 3 ha -1 is obtained during a 10 yr period following an application of 150 kg N ha -1 . Larger growth increases have often been the result of more intensive N fertilization. Lime or wood ash give a minor growth stimulation on sites with a carbon (C) to N ratio below 30 in the humus layer, while the opposite effect prevails on N-poor sites. Nutrients given as soluble fertilizers are readily taken up by trees. Boron deficiency may be induced in northern Sweden after N fertilization or liming. The ground vegetation may be altered by single-shot N fertilization, but long-term effects occur only for intensive regimes. Lime or wood ash may modify the flora if soil pH is significantly altered: the change will be in response to N availability. Fruit-body production of mycorrhizal fungi is disfavoured by chronic N input, but also by lime or ash. However, the mycorrhizal structures on root tips are less affected. Faunistic studies are not common and those present are mostly devoted to soil fauna. A practical N dose of 150 kg N ha -1 has no clear effect, but higher doses may reduce the abundance in some groups. Hardened wood ash does not significantly affect the soil fauna. Lime favours snails and earthworms, while other groups are often disfavoured. The response of aquatic fauna to terrestrial treatments has hardly been studied. N fertilization generally results in insignificant effects on fish and benthic fauna. Lime and wood ash reduce the acidity of the topsoil, but practical doses (2-3 t ha -1 ) are too low to raise the alkalinity of runoff unless outflow areas are treated. N fertilizer use in forestry and N-free fertilizers lack effects on acidification. N fertilization may, however, be strongly acidifying if nitrification is induced and followed by nitrate leaching. N fertilization often results in increased long-term C retention in trees and soil, but does not promote significant N 2 O losses. N may temporarily reduce CH 4 oxidation in soil, but there are indications of a long-term opposite effect. Lime and poorly hardened wood ash may cause losses of C from N-rich soils. Only a few per cent of added N are leached to surface water following practical N fertilization, while N-free fertilizers do not induce N leaching. Soil incubations and soil-water studies suggest an increased risk for nitrate formation and leaching where lime or wood have been added to N-rich soils, but increased leaching to surface water has not been observed. Wood ash causes a temporal increase in bioavailability of cadmium (Cd). Other fertilizers may indirectly increase the availability of heavy metals. Wood ash may contain radioactive caesium 137Cs, but addition of such ash does not increase radioactivity in plants and soil.     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.