香竹愈伤组织诱导研究

以香竹种子为培养材料进行愈伤组织的诱导和增殖,分析了不同激素组合对愈伤组织诱导和增殖的影响,并比较了香竹的种子、无菌幼根、无菌幼茎和无菌幼叶4种不同外植体诱导愈伤组织生成的效果。结果表明:香竹种子诱导愈伤组织较合适的培养基为MS+3.0 mg.L-12,4-D+0.5 mg.L-16-BA;香竹增殖愈伤组织较适合的培养基为MS+1.0 mg.L-12,4-D+1.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.5 mg.L-1KT;无菌幼根的根冠部位比幼茎和幼叶更易产生愈伤组织,而种子作为外植体效果最佳。     

思茅松中幼龄人工林的生物量碳密度及其动态变化

 通过样地实测生物量和采用重铬酸钾法测定植物碳索含量,研究了思茅松中幼龄人工林生物量碳密度的分配特征及随林龄的动态变化规律。结果表明：1)林龄为3-5、6-10、11 -20和21 -30 a思茅松人工林的生物量碳密度分别为（20.15 ±3.09)、(27. 24 ±2.25)、（94. 89 ±9. 90)和147. 58 t/hm2。随林齡增长,乔木层、枯落物层和林分的碳密度显著增加,灌木层和草本层的碳密度有所减少。林分、乔木层和枯落物层的生物量碳密度随林龄的变化用逻辑斯蒂模型可实现良好拟合,而灌木层和草本层拟合效果差。2)林龄为3-5、6-10、11 -20和263思茅松人工林的年均固碳量分别为（4. 92 ±0.63)、（3. 52 ±0.25〉、（6. 44 ±0.30)和5. 68 t/(hm2·a)0乔木层的年均固碳量与林龄存在显著正相关,灌木层和草本层的年均固碳请与林龄存在显著负相关,林分年均固碳量与林龄呈较弱的正相关。乔木层和草本层的年均固碳量与林龄的关系以逻辑斯蒂模型拟合效果较好,灌木层年均固碳量和林龄关系以Gauss模型拟合效果较好,林分的年均固碳量与林龄的拟合效果差。     

论云南葡萄区域化栽培

通过对云南的光能资源、热量资源、水分资源以及灾害性天气等气候特点进行分析,提出了云南葡萄栽培区域化分区。     

23个云南八角品种的指纹图谱构建

运用RAPD-PCR分子标记技术从22条扩增效果好的RAPD引物中筛选出两条具有扩增效果好、多态性高、条带清晰的特征引物:G11(TGC CCG TCGT)和M18(CAC CAT CCGT)。这两条特征引物能够将23个云南八角品种完全区分开,从而建立了23个云南八角品种的指纹图谱,为云南八角的物种亲缘关系鉴定和遗传多样性分析提供科学参考。     

A cytotoxic cardenolide and a saponin from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis

A new cardenolide tupichinolide (1) and a new steroidal saponin tupichinin A (2), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis. Their structures were established using spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compound 1 was the first cardenolide isolated from Tupistra chinensis and exhibited potent cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480.     

松墨天牛对云南松的分解作用分析

为探索松墨天牛取食对林木的分解作用,本文通过对松墨天牛幼虫及成虫取食量的测定,寄主云南松韧皮组织及松墨天牛幼虫排泄物成分对比分析,并与资源利用相同的木材微生物分解能力进行对比,阐明了松墨天牛作为分解者的重要分解作用。研究表明,松墨天牛幼虫期(约为55 d)取食分解林木生物量平均为12.42 g(24.40 cm3),成虫期取食分解林木生物量平均为12.87 g(25.28 cm3);松墨天牛幼虫对糖类物质的利用度很高,具有较强的纤维分解利用能力,取食分解后总糖减少83.58%,粗纤维减少23.87%,1头松墨天牛幼虫期分解的林木粗纤维质量为1.93 g,分解利用率为0.008 g.d-1。松墨天牛对林木的分解证明,天牛作为一种重要的林木分解的先驱者,可以分解林木,更重要的是松墨天牛攻击亚健康林木,为微生物分解林木提供了容易入侵的途径,加速了亚健康林木的分解与循环,在森林生态系统物质分解与循环中具有重要的促进作用。     

马尾松人工林可燃物负荷量和燃损量的动态预测

森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,是林火行为预报的基本依据之一。基于森林燃烧和蔓延规律,选取地表层、树冠层为建模单元;利用林分因子和火环境因子,通过多元回归分析方法,建立了低山丘陵区马尾松人工林幼龄林及中龄林可燃物类型的可燃物负荷量和可燃物烧损量模型。     

云南省个旧锡矿山废弃地植被恢复技术

植被恢复技术为目前国内外矿山废弃地生态修复的研究热点之一,通过个旧锡矿山废弃地植被恢复试验,采用坐标综合评价法对旱冬瓜＋十大功劳、加勒比松＋莱木、清香木＋圆柏、栾树＋麻栎及杜仲5类试验样地的植物生长状况、土壤物理性质、养分状况、重金属含量进行综合研究。结果显示：旱冬瓜＋十大功劳、清香木＋圆柏和杜仲3类试验样地较其植被恢复前,其评价标准化值差异显著,植物措施能有效改善废弃地土壤通气性和透水性,提高土壤养分含量,降低土壤主要重金属污染物含量。因此,初步筛选出旱冬瓜、十大功劳、清香木和杜仲4种较适合用于锡矿山废弃地生态修复的先锋植物。     

Genetic variation in the endangered Rutaceae species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Citrus hongheensis</Emphasis> based on ISSR fingerprinting

Citrus hongheensis is a critically endangered species endemic to the Honghe river region in southeastern Yunnan, China. Its genetic diversity and differentiation were investigated using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. One hundred primers were screened, and a total of 245 loci were amplified from seven natural populations by 13 informative and reliable primers. Of these 245 ISSR loci, 233 were polymorphic and the detected variations revealed a relatively high level of intraspecific genetic diversity. At the population level, the mean percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB) was 36.50%, while the average expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon diversity index (Ho) were 0.1327 and 0.1972, respectively. At the species level (across all populations), PPB was 95.10%, while He and Ho were 0.3520 and 0.5195, respectively. A high Gst value (0.6247) indicated that there is significant differentiation among populations, which was confirmed by AMOVA analysis (Φst = 0.6420). Pairwise genetic identity (I) values among populations ranged from 0.6341 to 0.7675, with a mean of 0.7008. We propose that the high level of genetic differentiation may be the result of habitat fragmentation and limited gene flow (Nm = 0.1502). For effective in situ conservation and population restoration of C. hongheensis it will be important to maintain historical processes, including high outbreeding rates, sufficient gene flow, and large effective population sizes.     

枣基因组大小研究

采用流式细胞技术,以4个酸枣类型、9个枣品种的新鲜幼嫩叶片为材料,以Otto为解离液,日本晴（Oryza sativa ssp.japonica cv.Nipponbare）为外标,测定其基因组大小（2C值）,比较枣和酸枣的2C值差异。结果表明,枣的基因组大小为(360.70±4.73)Mb,小于酸枣的基因组（388.20±8.32 Mb）;枣品种间基因组大小无显著差异,酸枣类型间差异显著,说明酸枣具有更高的基因组变异,且酸枣到枣的进化中可能伴随着基因组的缩减。