云南省个旧锡矿山废弃地植被恢复技术

植被恢复技术为目前国内外矿山废弃地生态修复的研究热点之一,通过个旧锡矿山废弃地植被恢复试验,采用坐标综合评价法对旱冬瓜＋十大功劳、加勒比松＋莱木、清香木＋圆柏、栾树＋麻栎及杜仲5类试验样地的植物生长状况、土壤物理性质、养分状况、重金属含量进行综合研究。结果显示：旱冬瓜＋十大功劳、清香木＋圆柏和杜仲3类试验样地较其植被恢复前,其评价标准化值差异显著,植物措施能有效改善废弃地土壤通气性和透水性,提高土壤养分含量,降低土壤主要重金属污染物含量。因此,初步筛选出旱冬瓜、十大功劳、清香木和杜仲4种较适合用于锡矿山废弃地生态修复的先锋植物。

Vegetation restoration technique of mining wasteland in Gejiu Stannary of Yunnan Province

Vegetation restoration technique is a hot topic for ecological restoration of mining wasteland both at home and abroad.An experiment of different vegetation restoration techniques carried on mining wasteland in Gejiu Stannary,and a comprehensive coordinate method for evaluating vegetation growth condition,soil physical properties,nutrient status and heavy metal contents of soils was presented for 5 types of vegetation plots.The results showed that sample plots of Alnus nepalensis+Mahonia fortunei,Pistacia weinmannifolia+Sabina chinensis and Eucommia ulmoides were significant differences from contrastive wasteland,which was on their standardized values.Vegetation measures could improve soil aeration and permeability,increase soil nutrient contents,cut down heavy metal contents of mining wasteland.Depending on the experimentation results,Alnus nepalensis,Mahonia fortunei,Pistacia weinmannifolia,and Eucommia ulmoides should be selected as pioneer plants for the ecological restoration of tin mining wasteland.