日粮添喂伊普异黄酮影响去势仔猪生长及有关内分泌水平

断奶仔猪(雌雄均去势)60头随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂基础日粮和基础日粮添加5mg/kg日粮的伊普异黄酮,试验期持续1个月。与对照组相比,试验组增重提高26.3%(P<0.01),饲料利用率提高33.95%,其中雄性去势仔猪增重比雌性提高显著。血液胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-I)含量雌、雄分别提高24.72%和44.76%,平均提高33.93%;睾酮含量雌、雄分别提高40.38%和40.98%,平均提高40.68%。血钙含量试验组比对照组高14.60%,其中雌、雄分别高9.76%和19.44%。上述试验结果表明,伊普异黄酮影响神经内分泌系统,提高睾酮、IGF-I和血钙水平,从而促进去势仔猪增重,而对雄性的作用比雌性显著。     

In vitro metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone by canine hair follicle cells

The metabolism of radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone was studied in dermal papilla cells (DPC) and dermal fibroblasts (DFB) derived from hair follicles from two different body sites (head, flank) of four male, castrated beagle dogs. Thin layer chromatography was used for separation, and autoradiography for identification of the radioactive metabolites. DHEA was metabolized mainly to 11 alpha-OH-testosterone and only to a minor extent to 11 alpha-OH-androstenedione and another unidentified metabolite. The highest percentage of metabolization of DHEA was found in DFB of the head. Testosterone was metabolized only to a minor extent (less than 10%) to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone and epiandrosterone and there was no significant difference between either the two cell types or the two locations. These results clearly show that the metabolization of androgens in canine DPC and DFB is different from that observed in cells from the human hair follicle.     

FSH对体外培养间质细胞睾酮生物合成的影响

以酶解法结合差速离心分离仔猪睾丸间质细胞为实验材料,研究了FSH对间质细胞睾酮合成的影响。实验结果表明:(1)随着培养时间的延长,间质细胞的分泌功能逐渐开始下降;(2)FSH(20ng/ml)对于d2和d4的间质细胞hCG的结合率,细胞内cAMP浓度均无明显影响;(3)FSH(20ng/ml)对于d2期细胞胆固醇和羟胆固醇的转化也不没有明显的影响。这表明,无论间质细胞处于何种时期,FSH不能通过调节细胞膜上的受体数量调节睾酮的合成,也不能通过影响胆固醇的转运调节间质细胞的功能。     

Laparoscopic sterilization of Sardinia donkeys using an endoscopic stapler

OBJECTIVE: To describe a laparoscopic technique for sterilization of the male donkey using an endoscopic linear stapler (ELS). STUDY DESIGN: Clinical report. ANIMALS: Male Sardinia donkeys (n=6), aged 24-36 months. METHODS: Laparoscopic sterilization was performed under standing sedation or recumbent under general anesthesia. An endoscopic linear stapler was used to transect, and control hemorrhage of, the spermatic cord. Serum testosterone concentrations were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months after sterilization. One testis from each of 2 donkeys was collected at 12 months for histologic examination. RESULTS: Sterilization was successfully achieved. The only minor intraoperative complication experienced was hemorrhage from 1 spermatic cord stump, which was re-stapled. No other major short- or long-term complications occurred. Serum testosterone concentrations were < 15 ng/dL at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in all donkeys. Testicular atrophy without evidence of revascularization was observed in the 2 testes examined histologically. CONCLUSIONS: Sterilization of descended testes by intraabdominal laparoscopic transection of the spermatic cord is a simple practical method, with minimal intraoperative or postoperative complications. Testicular revascularization did not occur. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Laparoscopic sterilization in donkey can be performed using an endoscopic linear stapler as an alternative to scrotal castration.     

睾酮对水牛血清胃泌素水平的影响

选用３头雄性中国海仔水牛,观察了去势及去势后注射睾酮对血清胃泌素水平的影响。结果去势后血清胃泌素水平明显下降（５０１．００±３７．２０ｖｓ,４３３．６±１０３．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ,Ｐ＜０．０５）,去势后水牛注射睾酮（２００μｇ／ｋｇＢＷ·ｄ,持续１２ｄ）血清胃泌素水平明显上升（４０８．１±６４．５ｖｓ,５１９．８±３４．４ｐｇ／ｍｌ,ｐ＜０．０５）。表明睾酮影响反刍动物胃泌素分泌。     

Melatonin administration enhances the reproductive capacity of young rams under a southern Mediterranean environment

This study tested the effect of melatonin treatment, initiated in late February on reproductive traits of young rams. A total of 14 young Barbarine rams were used. Seven animals were treated with three melatonin subcutaneous implants (Melatonin) on 28 February while the remaining rams remained untreated (Control). After 60 days of melatonin administration, scrotal circumference reached average values of 32.1 ± 1.54 and 29.5 ± 1.0 cm for Melatonin and Control animals, respectively (P < 0.05). Semen characteristics did not differ between groups; melatonin treatment tended (P = 0.091) to increase sperm concentration 60 days after implantation when means reached 5.87 ± 0.703 and 4.61 ± 0.654 × 10⁹ spermatozoa/mL for Melatonin and Control rams, respectively. Melatonin treatment significantly affected total activity time, number of lateral approaches and mount attempts in comparison to controls. During a 6‐h sampling period, mean plasma testosterone concentrations increased as a result of melatonin treatment (P < 0.001) and testosterone pulse frequency averaged 3.45 ± 2.24 and 1.25 ± 1.0 (P = 0.086) for Melatonin and Control rams. Data clearly suggest that abrupt treatment of young rams with melatonin implants in winter is sufficient to improve reproductive traits.     

Influence of different dietary zinc levels on cashmere growth,plasma testosterone level and zinc status in male Liaoning Cashmere goats

The experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of different levels of zinc (Zn) on cashmere growth, plasma testosterone and Zn profile in male Cashmere goats. Twenty‐eight male Liaoning Cashmere goats, 3 years old and body weight at 56.2 ± 2.45 kg, were assigned to four groups. The animals were fed a basal diet containing of 45.9 mg Zn/kg dry matter (DM) basis and supplemented with 0, 20, 40 or 80 mg Zn (reagent grade ZnSO₄·7H₂O) per kg DM for 90 days. There was no significant effect on growth and diameter of cashmere fibre for Zn supplemented in diets. However, the length and growth rate of wool were improved (p < 0.05) with dietary Zn. The length and growth rate of wool were higher (p < 0.05) for the groups supplemented with 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg DM compared with that of 20 mg Zn/kg DM treatment group. Plasma testosterone concentration was increased for Zn supplemented in diets, and the testosterone concentration was higher (p < 0.05) in goats fed on the diet supplemented with 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg DM compared with those fed on basal diet. Plasma Zn concentrations increased (p < 0.05) with increasing dietary Zn and supplemented with 40 and 80 mg Zn/kg DM groups improved plasma Zn concentration (p < 0.05) more than 20 mg Zn/kg DM group. Fibre Zn content was higher (p < 0.05) in groups supplemented with 40 or 80 mg Zn/kg DM compared with control group, but no difference between Zn‐supplemented groups (p > 0.05). The activity of plasma alkaline phosphatase was increased (p < 0.05) due to dietary Zn supplementation; however, no difference was found between supplemented treatment groups (p > 0.05). In conclusion, Zn content (45.9 mg Zn/kg DM) in control diet was insufficient for optimal wool growth performance, and we recommended the level of dietary Zn for such goats is 86 mg/kg DM during the breeding season and cashmere fibre growing period.     

培养的睾丸间质细胞对hCG刺激的反应性

本文介绍了用酶解法结合差速离心分离仔猪睾丸间质细胞,并研究其对促性腺激素的反应性。结果表明在0～50IUml内,睾酮的分泌量随着hCG剂量的增加而增加,在50IUml～100IUml内,加大hCG剂量并不能增强间质细胞的分泌功能。研究还发现随着培养时间的延长,间质细胞分泌睾酮的功能逐渐减低,培养1d和2d时对hCG(人绒毛膜促性腺激素)刺激的反应能力最强;随着培养时间的进一步延长,间质细胞的反应性下降,4d时与对照无明显差异(P>0.05)。间质细胞对首次刺激的反应敏感,当连续给予刺激时,睾酮的分泌受到抑制,在24h的分泌峰后不再出现分泌高峰。而首次刺激后间隔2d再刺激,间质细胞虽有反应,但反应较弱。     

LHRHa‐induced ovulation of the endangered‐Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) and its effect on egg quality and two sex steroids: testosterone and 17α‐hydroxyprogestrone

To induce synchronized ovulation, migrating wild Caspian brown trout (Salmo trutta caspius) females were treated with two interperitoneal injections of Des‐Gly¹⁰, d ‐Ala⁶ LHRH (LHRHa), given 3 days apart. Two injections of 100 μg kg^?1 body weight of this hormone effectively induced ovulation. Within 27 days from the second injection, all fish injected with 100 μg kg^?1 LHRHa had ovulated compared with 54.5% of the controls. The mean time to ovulation was reduced significantly (P<0.05) from 31.67±4.84 days in control fish and 28.83±7.31 days in sham‐treated fish to 16.36±1.61 days in fish injected with 100 μg kg^?1 LHRHa. The fertilization rate in 50 and 100 μg kg^?1 LHRHa‐injected fish was significantly lower than that in the control fish (P<0.05). In fish injected with 50 and 100 μg kg^?1 LHRHa, significant (P<0.05) changes in testosterone (T) and 17α‐hydroxyprogestrone (OHP) levels were observed. After the second LHRHa injection, the fish injected with 100 μg kg^?1 showed the highest serum levels of testosterone and OHP. These results demonstrate that the use of LHRHa can effectively reduce the mean time to ovulation and induce synchronized ovulation in Caspian brown trout.     

Dietary supplementation of Tribulus terrestris extract improves growth and reproductive performances of the male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Effects of dietary supplementation of Tribulus terrestris (TT) and 17α‐methyl testosterone (MT) on growth performance and reproductive efficiency of male Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (N = 75, initial weight 60 ± 3.251 g), were evaluated. Five experimental treatments in triplicate were fed on basal diet (30% crude protein) (control group, CG), basal diet containing 60 mg MT (MT group) and basal diet containing 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg diet TT (TT250, TT500 and TT750 groups), respectively, for consecutive 45 days. Results revealed that the fish received TT in diet showed better growth performance (final body weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, testes weight and gonadosomatic index) compared with MT and CG (p < .05), as well as for haemoglobin content and red blood cell count (p < .05). The highest level of testosterone, 11‐keto testosterone, sperm concentration and vitality was recorded in TT750 followed by TT500, TT250 and MT groups, while the lowest value was recorded in the CG (p < .05). The highest seminiferous tubule diameter was recorded in TT750 followed by TT500, TT250 and CG, while the lowest diameter was recorded in the MT group (p < .05). Fish received TT showed normal dilated seminiferous tubule filled with large amount of free sperms within their lumen in a dose related effect. In conclusion, male Nile tilapia dietary supplementation with different inclusions of Tribulus terrestris extract specially 500 and 750 mg/kg diet improves growth performance, health condition, semen quality and reproductive efficiency without any harmful effect on water quality.