基于条件随机场的梨园场景图像分割方法

提出一种基于条件随机场模型的梨园场景分割方法,条件随机场模型直接对分割目标的后验概率建模,融入图像空间上下文信息,使得条件随机场模型可以获得更精确的分割结果。将已标记的场景图像划分为超像素,超像素的特征向量和标记的类别作为学习样本整合到类别数据库中;将未标记场景图像划分为超像素,利用条件随机场和类别数据库对未标记图像超像素的特征向量和空间关系进行建模;训练获得模型参数,利用最大后验边缘准则对未标记超像素进行类别推理。实验结果表明,与改进的K-最近邻方法相比该算法可以更加准确地进行梨园场景分割。     

高师非计算机专业《计算机辅助教学》课程内容的构建

构建高等师范院校非计算机专业《计算机辅助教学》课程内容体系,论述课件设计工具的选取以及该课程应突出讲解的内容,旨在使非计算机专业学生经过有限的学习和实践,具备一定的课件设计能力。     

文化语境与英汉词汇内涵

语言是文化的载体,同时又是文化的重要组成部分。文化背景的差异必然导致词汇文化内涵的不同。在跨文化交际及语言习得中,对词汇文化意义的理解有助于掌握所学语言。     

语境在翻译中的作用

语用学从根本上讲是对语言在一定语境中所体现出来的具体意义的科学。本文就翻译的本质和语境的关系及如何在翻译中结合语境避免误译、死译,从而达到有效交际的目的予以分析。     

语境与英汉翻译中词义的确定

在英汉翻译中 ,一个词应如何理解和翻译 ,取决于它特定的语境。语境包括微观语境和宏观语境。微观语境和宏观语境对英汉翻译中词义的确定都产生了重大影响     

浅析关联理论指导下的广告翻译策略

关联理论以交际和认知语言学的相关理论为基础,具有强大的解释力,已经被应用到诸多研究领域。在关联理论视角下,广告翻译被看作是一种认知活动,也是一种交际活动。因此,关联理论可以比较完美地解释广告翻译。     

Modelling multi-species response to landscape dynamics: mosaic cycles support urban biodiversity

The importance of the spatial as well as the temporal structure of habitat patches for urban biodiversity has been recognised, but rarely quantified. In dynamic environments the rate of habitat destruction and recreation (i.e. the landscape turnover rate), the minimum amount of potential habitat, its spatial configuration as well as the environmental conditions determining habitat quality are crucial factors for species occurrence. We analysed species responses to environmental parameters and to the spatio-temporal configuration of urban brownfield habitats in a multi-species approach (37 plant and 43 insect species). Species presence/absence data and soil parameters, site age, vegetation structure and landscape context were recorded by random stratified sampling at 133 study plots in industrial areas in the city of Bremen (Germany). Based on the field data, we predicted species occurrences by species distribution models using a multi-model inference approach. Predicted species communities were driven by successional age both at the scale of a single building lot and at the landscape scale. Minimum average succession time of brownfield habitats required to support all and especially regionally rare species depended on the proportion of available open space; the larger the potential habitat area the faster the acceptable turnover. Most plant, grasshopper, and leafhopper species modelled could be maintained at an intermediate turnover rate (mean age of 10–15 years) and a proportion of open sites of at least 40%. Our modelling approach provides the opportunity of inferring optimal spatio-temporal landscape configurations for urban conservation management from patch scale species-environment relationships. The results indicate that urban planning should incorporate land use dynamics into the management of urban biodiversity. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Pollinator dispersal in an agricultural matrix: opposing responses of wild bees and hoverflies to landscape structure and distance from main habitat

Semi-natural habitats provide essential resources for pollinators within agricultural landscapes and may help maintain pollination services in agroecosystems. Yet, whether or not pollinators disperse from semi-natural habitat elements into the adjacent agricultural matrix may to a large extent depend on the quality of this matrix and the corresponding pollinator-specific life history traits. To investigate the effects of matrix quality on the distance decay of wild bees and hoverflies, six transects along vegetated field tracks originating at a large semi-natural main habitat and leading into the adjacent agricultural matrix were established in the Wetterau Region, central Hesse, Germany. Species richness of wild bees did not change with distance from the main habitat in landscapes with sufficient grassland cover in the surrounding landscape, but significantly declined when semi-natural grasslands where scarce and isolated in the adjacent agricultural matrix. Abundance of wild bees declined with distance regardless of matrix quality. Species richness of hoverflies did not decline with increasing distance in any landscape. Abundance even increased with distance to the main habitat independently of matrix quality. Thus, our data show that taxa of the pollinator guild may perceive landscapes quite differently. Because of their differing dispersal modes and resource requirements as compared to wild bees, hoverflies may play an important role in maintaining pollination services in agricultural landscapes unsuitable for bee species. Our results highlight the need for considering these taxon-specific differences when predicting the effect of landscape structure on pollinators. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

儿童文学叙事中的权力与对话——一个后经典叙事学视角的研究

儿童文学是作者(成人)与读者(儿童)对话交流的中介,儿童文学本身所具有的跨学科的文化特性使文本与存在的外部语境形成了密切联系。因此要研究儿童文学的叙事特色,必须结合文本语境研究。20世纪80年代以来西方兴起的后经典叙事学理论为重新审视儿童文学叙事提供了很好的思路。儿童文学的特殊性使作者与读者形成复杂的权力关系,同时,作者与读者、成人与儿童又努力在这种权力关系中寻找不同的对话途径和表达方式。这种复杂的叙事语境直接决定了儿童文学文本的叙事特色。     

社会文化语境对鲁迅“直译”主张的操控

翻译作为一种文化交流活动,受到种种社会文化因素的影响和制约.鲁迅采取＂直译＂翻译方法的根源,可以运用译学研究文化学派的理论,从文化层面上予以解读,以此探得操纵其＂直译＂方法的思想意识和诗学,表现为＂洋为中用＂＂拿来主义＂的文化立场以及实现中国语文改革,建立现代新文学的文化目标,从而揭示翻译具有的思想和文化建构功能.