文化悲剧与现代性货币——齐美尔距离的生成语境解读

在现代性视域下，齐美尔提出距离理论，认为个体面对物化文化的巨大压力，只有通过与其保持距离才能获得救赎。对齐美尔距离的生成语境可以从两个方面展开分析：文化的悲剧性诊断和货币的现代性表征。     

城市发展推动下的济南市景观格局变动研究 ——基于2007—2017年景观格局指数的分析

采用2007年的Landsate5TM、2013年和2017年的Landsate8OIL遥感影像,选取分维度、蔓延度、香农多样性指数、香农均匀度指数等指标,从类型水平和景观水平两个方面,对济南市主城区10年间的景观格局进行分析,结果表明:城市整体的斑块丰富度增加,生态系统趋于多样化;未利用地面积逐渐减少,林地与耕地面积显著增加;耕地质心逐渐“北跨”,这与10年间济南市整体的政策定位与城市发展脉络相契合。提出大力推动农村社区规划,严格控制占用林地、狠抓植被恢复,做好城市建设用地规划、预留发展空间等土地利用的建议。     

Habitat models and habitat connectivity analysis for butterflies and burnet moths - The example of Zygaena carniolica and Coenonympha arcania

In this paper, habitat models were used to predict potential habitat for endangered species, which is an important question in landscape and conservation planning. Based on logistic regression, we developed habitat distribution models for the burnet moth Zygaena carniolica and the nymphalid butterfly Coenonympha arcania in Northern Bavaria, Germany. The relation between adult occurrence and habitat parameters, including the influence of landscape context, was analyzed on 118 sites. Habitat connectivity analyses were carried out on the basis of (1) habitat suitability maps generated from these models and (2) dispersal data from mark recapture studies. Our results showed that (1) the presence of the burnet depended mainly on the presence of nectar plants and of nutrient-poor dry grasslands in direct vicinity, that of the nymphalid on larger areas of extensively used dry grasslands within 100 m vicinity in combination with small patches of higher shrubs and bushes. (2) Internal as well as external validation indicated the robustness and general applicability of the models. Transferability in time and space indicated their high potential relevance for applications in nature conservation, such as predicting possible effects of land use changes. (3) Habitat connectivity analyses revealed a high degree of habitat connectivity within the study area. Thus, we could show no effects of isolation or habitat size for both species.     

How much do site age, habitat structure and spatial isolation influence the restoration of rainforest beetle species assemblages?

Reforestation has been suggested as a way to mitigate the effects of tropical rain forest loss. However, factors influencing the successful colonisation of biota into newly created rainforest are poorly understood. We assessed beetle species assemblages with flight interception traps, in sites undergoing rainforest restoration across the largely cleared landscape of the Atherton Tablelands in north-eastern Queensland, Australia. There were two levels of site age (2-4 years and 6-17 years) and two distances from intact rainforest (adjacent and >0.9 km), with six sites in each treatment, together with six reference sites in each of pasture and small rainforest remnants (n = 36 sites). Multivariate metrics were used to assess the restored sites’ relative similarity to pasture and rainforest, in terms of both physical habitat structure and beetle species composition within ten family groups. Older restoration sites were structurally most similar to rainforest. Older sites and those adjacent to rainforest had a more rainforest-like beetle species composition (without significant interaction). However, even the closer and older sites had a substantially lower abundance and richness of rainforest-associated beetles than did rainforest. Age effects were generally stronger than distance effects, with the latter appearing to be entirely driven by rare rainforest species. Beetle assemblage similarity to rainforest was more strongly correlated with structural similarity to rainforest than with age, except within older sites. The use of revegetation techniques which lead to more rainforest-like structural conditions appears to be of over-riding importance in catalysing the rapid acquisition of volant rainforest beetle assemblages in the initial stages of restoration.     

Contrasting climate velocity impacts in warm and cool locations show that effects of marine warming are worse in already warmer temperate waters

Species responses to climate change are often measured at broad spatiotemporal scales, which can miss the fine-scale changes that are most relevant to conservation and fisheries management. We develop a scaleable geostatistical approach to assess how juvenile and adult fish distributions have been shaped by changes in bottom temperature and dissolved oxygen over a recent decade of warming in the northeast Pacific. Across 38 demersal fishes, biomass trends were associated negatively with warming and positively with dissolved oxygen, but when trends in both biomass and climate were converted to velocities—the speed and direction a population would have to move to maintain consistent conditions—the effect of temperature change differed depending on local conditions. In the warmest locations, warming velocities were associated with negative biotic velocities for 19 of 69 species-maturity combinations, and yet were almost always associated with stable or positive biotic velocities in the coolest locations (64 of 69). These spatially consistent biomass declines (negative biotic velocities) in the warmest locations and increases in cooler locations suggest a redistribution of species with the potential for new ecological and fisheries interactions. After controlling for temperature, the more spatially consistent effects of dissolved oxygen were often negative, suggesting a mechanism other than hypoxia avoidance—potentially changes in primary production. Our approach identifies the species and locations that are most sensitive to observed changes in the environment at any scale, thus facilitating future vulnerability assessments.     

场所精神在带状公园设计中的体现手法研究

将场所精神引入城市带状公园设计中,可以延续地域文脉,让人们产生强烈的精神体验,对于园林的不同空间营造具有重大意义。从场所精神的基础理论出发,阐述相关概念,总结场所精神理论指导带状公园设计的重要作用,结合西安唐长安城遗址公园、洛阳洛浦公园两个案例,探讨带状公园实际应用中场所精神的表达。在带状公园设计中,场所精神可以通过3个方面来表达：合理利用场地现有元素,尊重场地历史文脉;以园林景物的象征手法再现场地景观元素;注重地域文化与历史文化表达。     

人居语境下的历史园林植物景观保护与发展模式研究

通过阐述历史园林及人居语境概论的内涵,分析历史园林植物景观保护现状中存在的植物景观建设水平差异较大,缺乏专业的养护管理,缺乏有针对性的植物景观保护理论指导等问题。从各类型植物保护与配置措施以及植物景观保护与开发相结合的角度,对人居语境下的历史园林植物景观保护与发展模式进行探讨,实现植物景观保护与开发协同发展,提高历史园林的观赏性。     

信息查询系统的标签云设计知识体系研究

20多年来有关信息查询系统标签云的设计和评价方面积累了丰富的研究成果,有必要采用一定的方法组织起来以指导其设计。论文采用文献分析法,利用影响信息查询系统可用性的情境框架,从系统、任务、用户因素对这些研究成果进行分析和总结,从而组织成一个支持信息查询系统标签云设计的知识体系,并提出相关的设计原则。     

Local management and landscape drivers of pollination and biological control services in a Kenyan agro-ecosystem

Arthropods that have a direct impact on crop production (i.e. pests, natural enemies and pollinators) can be influenced by both local farm management and the context within which the fields occur in the wider landscape. However, the contributions and spatial scales at which these drivers operate and interact are not fully understood, particularly in the developing world. The impact of both local management and landscape context on insect pollinators and natural enemy communities and on their capacity to deliver related ecosystem services to an economically important tropical crop, pigeonpea was investigated. The study was conducted in nine paired farms across a gradient of increasing distance to semi-native vegetation in Kibwezi, Kenya. Results show that proximity of fields to semi-native habitats negatively affected pollinator and chewing insect abundance. Within fields, pesticide use was a key negative predictor of pollinator, pest and foliar active predator abundance. On the contrary, fertilizer application significantly enhanced pollinator and both chewing and sucking insect pest abundance. At a 1 km spatial scale of fields, there were significant negative effects of the number of semi-native habitat patches within fields dominated by mass flowering pigeonpea on pollinators abundance. For service provision, a significant decline in fruit set when insects were excluded from flowers was recorded. This study reveals the interconnections of pollinators, predators and pests with pigeonpea crop. For sustainable yields and to conserve high densities of both pollinators and predators of pests within pigeonpea landscapes, it is crucial to target the adoption of less disruptive farm management practices such as reducing pesticide and fertilizer inputs.     

城市道路人行道设计——以长沙人民西路为例

从自然景观要素、人工景观要素、历史性景观要素3个方面解析了城市道路景观的内容,分析了城市道路景观的功能.在此基础上,以长沙市人民西路人行道为例,阐述了城市交通人行道景观设计原则,并指出城市文化、地方精神具有历史传统、环境背景及周围事物等多种含义,通过历史遗存、文物、传统、精神、观念、习惯风俗等形式蕴涵在市民心中,流传于城市街道或作为故事一代代传承,而不是几件雕塑小品可替代的.批判了目前我国城市公共场所建设中存在的大规模繁缛造作的雕塑之风.