中华绒螯蟹甲壳溃疡及重金属离子偏高综合症的初步研究

1996年1月初连云港某养蟹场的中华绒螯蟹的抱卵蟹在升温到17℃以上后不断死亡。症状为步足脱落,鳌足上的毛脱落,甲壳上有褐斑。经查明是由于海水中的重金属离子含量较高（Cu2＋0．02mg／L,Zn2＋0．012mg／L）,以及弧菌感染引起甲壳溃疡病。经鉴定,弧菌能在不含盐的培养基中生长,其余的生理生化特性均与副溶血弧菌相同。防治措施为在蓄水池中全池遍洒5×10－6EDTA钠盐,在蟹池内全池遍洒土霉素3．5×10－6,隔天泼1次,连泼3次,同时投喂鱼泰8号药饲5天。治疗效果良好,治愈率达93％。愈后的抱卵蟹孵化幼体正常。     

上海地区近几年鸭新发病毒性传染病的血清学调查

于2003年从上海市5个区17个养鸭场(户)的鸭群中采集276份血清样品，采用进口ELISA试剂盒对冠状病毒、传染性法氏囊病毒、新城疫病毒、产蛋下降综合征病毒的感染状况进行了血清学调查。结果表明，受检鸭群存有不同程度的阳性率，原来只感染鸡的疫病逐步向鸭群延伸。     

浅议图书馆员正确使用计算机与职业健康

从长期使用计算机的图书馆员的常见病种,让读者来了解长期使用计算机带来的严重健康危害,并从人体功效学的角度出发,提出了正确地使用计算机和外部设备的方法,以期预防和减少图书馆员长期使用计算机带来的健康危害。     

鸭盲肠杯叶吸虫病的人工感染试验

为研究鸭盲肠肿大坏死症的病因,对38只20日龄肉鸭分别予以饲喂患盲肠肿大坏死症的病鸭内脏混合物、发病地的泥鳅以及从泥鳅体内分离出的囊蚴,进行人工感染试验。结果显示:泥鳅饲喂组和500个囊蚴饲喂组均出现典型的盲肠肿大坏死症症状,100个囊蚴饲喂组只有轻微的症状和盲肠病变;从泥鳅饲喂组、500个囊蚴饲喂组和100个囊蚴饲喂组病变盲肠内均检出盲肠杯叶吸虫,平均数量分别39、61.7和11.8条.只-1,3组均检出虫卵;而病鸭内脏饲喂组不发病,亦未检出盲肠杯叶虫。试验结果表明盲肠杯叶吸虫是鸭盲肠肿大坏死症的病原,病例发生地水田中的泥鳅是盲肠杯叶吸虫的第二中间宿主。     

Sudden Death Associated with QT Interval Prolongation and KCNQ1 Gene Mutation in a Family of English Springer Spaniels

Background

A 5‐year‐old, healthy English Springer Spaniel died suddenly 4 months after delivering a litter of 7 puppies. Within 4 months of the dam''s death, 3 offspring also died suddenly.

Hypothesis

Abnormal cardiac repolarization, caused by an inherited long QT syndrome, is thought to be responsible for arrhythmias leading to sudden death in this family.

Animals

Four remaining dogs from the affected litter and 11 related dogs.

Methods

Physical examination and resting ECG were done on the littermates and 9 related dogs. Additional tests on some or all littermates included echocardiogram with Doppler, Holter monitoring, and routine serum biochemistry. Blood for DNA sequencing was obtained from all 15 dogs.

Results

Three of 4 littermates examined, but no other dogs, had prolonged QT intervals with unique T‐wave morphology. DNA sequencing of the KCNQ1 gene identified a heterozygous single base pair mutation, unique to these 3 dogs, which changes a conserved amino acid from threonine to lysine and is predicted to change protein structure.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

This family represents the first documentation in dogs of spontaneous familial QT prolongation, which was associated with a KCNQ1 gene mutation and sudden death. Although the final rhythm could not be documented in these dogs, their phenotypic manifestations of QT interval prolongation and abnormal ECG restitution suggested increased risk for sudden arrhythmic death. The KCNQ1 gene mutation identified is speculated to impair the cardiac repolarizing current I _Ks, similar to KCNQ1 mutations causing long QT syndrome 1 in humans.     

Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) in Quarter Horses: A review of clinical signs,genetics and research

Hereditary equine regional dermal asthenia (HERDA) results from a genetic mutation which affects the skin and other tissues of Quarter Horses and horses with Quarter Horse lineage. The disease HERDA has an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance and has become a significant concern in the Quarter Horse industry due to the high frequency of heterozygote carriers. Affected homozygous horses appear normal at birth; however, within the first 2 years of life they usually acquire loose, hyperextensible skin and wounds which result in disfiguring scars either spontaneously or from minor trauma. Some severely affected horses also develop haematomas and seromas. Consequently, most affected horses are subjected to euthanasia at an early age. No treatment options other than palliative therapy currently exist. As part of a five panel test ( http://www.aqha.com/News/News-Articles/2013/April/04292013-Genetic-Testing.aspx ) the American Quarter Horse Association presently requires DNA testing for HERDA on all breeding stallions. There are currently no restrictions on registration of horses heterozygous or homozygous for the HERDA mutation. Due to the autosomal recessive nature of the disease, Quarter Horse mares and horses of all breeds from HERDA‐associated bloodlines should also be tested.     

丹系长白猪恶性高温综合症（pMHS）基因的检测分析

采集91头丹系长白种猪耳组织样品，用高盐法提取DNA，特异性扩增包含C1843在内的CRC／RYR1660bp片段，用HhaⅠ进行直接酶切，根据电泳图谱确定MHS基因座位上的基因型。结果表明91头丹系长白猪中，杂合猪（MHSN／MHSn）为10头，占10.98％，纯合阴性猪81头占89.02％，没有发现纯合阳性猪。MHSN和MHSn的基因频率分别为0.9451和0.0549。结合国内已有的测定结果，认为目前我国丹系长白猪群中MHSN及MHSn的基因频率分别为0.9086和0.0914。     

环境低温及L—精氨酸对肉鸡腹水综合征的影响

本试验用高能日粮饲养400只1日龄AA肉鸡,14日龄时保优淘弱,随机分组,其中100只为正常温度(20℃)对照组,150只为低温(11℃)试验组,100只为低温(11℃)试验鸡日粮添加1%L-精氨酸组,用单因子低温诱发肉鸡腹水综合征,并于不同时间用红细胞压积、腹水心脏指数和腹水阳性率作为常规指标来判定肉鸡腹水综合征.结果表明,环境温度为11℃(13.5～8℃)的条件下,低温试验组肉鸡复制出腹水综合征动物模型,累计腹水综合征发生率为9.33%,显著地高于正常对照组3%(p＜0.01);低温试验肉鸡日粮添加1%L-精氨酸使腹水综合征发生率为3%,与低温试验组比较差异显著(p＜0.01).试验显示,L-精氨酸可降低肉鸡腹水综合征的发生率.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征DNA重组质粒对猪的免疫效应

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)灭活疫苗、表达GP5蛋白的DNA重组质粒分别与表达IL-2和IL-4的重组质粒(pcDNA-IL-2和pcDNA-IL-4)联合免疫健康仔猪,经3次免疫后人工感染PRRSV HB-2株,检测仔猪体液免疫以及攻毒保护性反应。研究结果显示,重组质粒pCI-GP5可诱导免疫猪产生抗GP5抗体,最高ELISA抗体效价可达1∶285。攻毒后组织中PRRSV核酸的检出率下降30.3%,与对照组相比,差异显著(P<0.05),表明表达PRRSV GP5的DNA重组质粒pCI-GP5可诱导一定的免疫效力。pcDNA-IL-2与pCI-GP5联合免疫后,病毒血症的出现频率减少38.9%,PRRSV阳性组织检出率下降28.8%,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);pcDNA-IL-4与pCI-GP5联合免疫后,最高ELISA抗体效价可达1∶320,病毒血症的出现频率下降38.9%,PRRSV阳性组织检出率减少34.8%,与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01)。本研究表明,PRRS DNA重组质粒pCI-GP5对猪的免疫保护力是稳定的,真核表达的细胞因子pcDNA-IL-2与pcDNA-IL-4能够显著增强pCI-GP5的免疫保护力。     

Vasopressin response to osmotic stimulation in 18 young dogs with polyuria and polydipsia

Common disorders of water homeostasis leading to polyuria include a variety of endocrine, metabolic, and renal disturbances. After exclusion of most of these conditions, the diagnostic dilemma of differentiating between central diabetes insipidus, primary polydipsia, and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus may remain. Here, we report on 18 young dogs with polyuria that had been present in most cases since the dogs were puppies. The conditions were categorized according to the plasma vasopressin (VP) response to hypertonicity. The VP response to osmotic stimulation was tested by IV infusion of 20% NaCl for 2 hours. The VP response in all dogs was abnormal. Three categories could be distinguished: an exaggerated response (n = 3), a subnormal response (n = 4), and a nonlinear response with high plasma VP concentrations unrelated to increases in plasma osmolality (n = 11). The VP response to hypertonicity did not consistently distinguish among different clinical entities. In the 9 dogs with variations in urine osmolality compatible with primary polydipsia, exaggerated, subnormal, and nonlinear responses were observed. Examination of the present data questions the generally accepted notion that VP measurements during hypertonic saline infusion are the "gold standard" for the diagnostic interpretation of causes of polydipsia and polyuria. Studies of the peripheral reflection in plasma of the pulsatile VP release in healthy and polyuric individuals, with and without osmotic provocation, should be performed.