家蚕品种最适环境片区的划分

对家蚕品种最适环境片区划分进行了研究，初步得到如下结果：参试的8个地区可以划分为两个环境片区。第一个环境片区包括四川、重庆和浙江；第二个环境片区包括陕西、山东、安徽、湖北和镇江；第一个环境片区的最适基因型是品种B；第二个环境片区的最适基因型是品种C。如果在各环境片区推广相应最适基因型比在所有地区只推广品种C，则全区平均万蚕收茧量可提高2．1％。     

In vitro metabolism of ovarian steroids by bovine whole blood and plasma

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of time and temperature on the potential of bovine whole blood (WB) or plasma (PL) to metabolize the ovarian steroids progesterone, estradiol-17β and testosterone. During a radioimmunoassay study (Experiment 1), we observed a temperature and time-dependent reduction (P<0.001) of plasma progesterone concentrations in samples incubated as WB at 5, 15, 25, or 35C for up to 48 hr. Most notable was the observation that 27% of progesterone present in controls was lost when WB was incubated at 5C for 48 hr and a 17% reduction was observed when PL samples were incubated at 35C for 48 hr. Immunoreactive estradiol-17β concentrations (Experiment 2) in PL and WB incubates were not affected by time or temperature. However, immunoreactive testosterone concentrations increased more than 3-fold by 48 hr in WB incubates held at 35C. To examine the latter observation further, ³H-progesteone was incubated with WB at 35C, followed by extraction and thin-layer chromatography (Experiment 3). Results generally supported RIA findings and revealed the presence of significant 17α-hydroxylase, 17–20 lyase and aromatase activity. Heretofore this has not been considered to occur outside major steroid metabolizing organs.     

~(14)C示踪研究不同小麦品种开花、灌浆期的光合效率及同化物的运转与分配

应用~(14)C示踪技术测定三个籽粒饱满度不同的小麦品种,结果表明:籽粒饱满度与品种的净光合率、光合持续期和同化物在籽粒中的分配率有关;光合作用后30分钟测定,~(14)C同化物的分配,叶片最高,叶鞘其次,麦穗再次,茎中最低;开花期~(14)C同化物在成熟麦穗中的分配,约占引入量的25—32％,灌浆期~(14)C同化物在成熟麦穗中的分配,对籽粒饱满的两个品种,占引入量的50％以上,而籽粒不饱满的品种,分配率还不到30％。     

G418-Resistance as a Dominant Selectable Marker for Heterogenous Gene Expression in Antagonist Pichia membranefaciens

Pichia membranefaciens, which was isolated from the surface of peach fruits, showed effective biocontrol capability against rhizopus rot of peach fruits. Aminoglycoside antibiotic G418 can inhibit the growth of P. membranefaciens. The minimal inhibitory concentration of G418 to P. membranefaciens in YPD medium was 100 μg mL-1. We constructed a phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter-driven neoR expression cassette, which was called pFL61-neo. The biocontrol yeast P. membranefaciens was transformed with pFL61-neo by lithium acetate method. Expression vector pFL61-neo conferred P. membranefaciens drug resistance to 100 μg mL-1 G418. The transformant could keep a high percentage of plasmid-containing of transformant with 67.87% after 50 generations in non-selective medium. The result showed that P.membranefaciens could recognize the promoter and terminator of PGK and direct the expression of heterologous neoR gene. Expression vector pFL61-neo could exist stably in P. membranefaciens. Therefore, it is feasible to utilize G418-resistance as a dominant selectable marker for heterogenous gene expression in antagonist P. membranefaciens.     

栽培棉种间多棉种杂种的形态学和细胞遗传学研究

以四个栽培棉种为材料，通过种间杂交，产生了栽培棉种间二元、三元和四元杂种。对各材料叶片横切面结构研究表明，草棉与亚洲棉为等面叶，陆地棉与海岛棉为背腹叶，而各多元杂种均表现为等面叶，这一结果可用于多元杂种的早期鉴定。对各材料减数分裂的研究表明，二倍体的二元杂种（亚洲棉×草棉）Ｆ１联会成１１个二价体和１个四体环，四倍体的二元杂种主要联会成２６个二价体，而各多元杂种联会成大量的单价体和多价体。从而引起后期Ⅰ染色体分离混乱，并产生大量的异常四分体，造成多元余种的高度不育。     

多年生野生大豆G．tomentella种花粉形态的种内差别

对染色体数分别为４０，７８，８０的多年生野生大豆Ｇ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｅｌｌａ种花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察。发现花粉粒的大小随着染色体数目的增加而变大。染色体数目不同，花粉外壁的纹饰也存在明显的差异。     

刺果甘草多倍体诱变育种的研究

采用改良琼脂涂抹法(0 2%浓度的秋水仙碱与0 1%的琼脂混合成半固体)和直接滴渗法处理刺果甘草(G.Pallidiflora.)幼苗顶芽进行多倍体诱变,并比较不同方法和不同处理时间的变异率,以期获得最有效的多倍体诱变方法。结果表明:用改良琼脂涂抹法处理2天效果最好,变异率达55%。所以,改良琼脂涂抹法是一种非常高效的多倍体诱变方法。     

黑白花奶牛初乳中G6PDH GOT与乳腺分泌机能关系的研究

本文研究黑白花奶牛初乳中葡萄糖-β-磷酸脱氢酶(G6PDH),谷草转氨酶(GOT)、三氮醋酸沉淀蛋白(TCA-P)的动态变化,以及G6PDH,GOT与乳腺分泌机能的关系。结果表明:G6PDH,GOT,TCA-P在初乳7天的分泌模式为y=Ax~(-b)。初乳中每次挤奶乳样的G6PDH总量的7天平均值与日产乳量(3个月平均)存在显著正相关(r=0.7163,n=14,P<0.01);G6PDH与TCA-P的相关系数为r=0.7183(n=35).GOT与TCA-P的相关系数为r=0.8642(n=35)。本研究认为,黑白花奶牛初乳中的G6PDH、GOT活性可反映乳腺在初乳阶段的分泌机能,并可作为预测乳产量的指标。     

果胶酶G5512菌株深层液体发酵中试及提取工艺研究

以炭黑曲霉(Aspergilluscarbonarius)AS3.396的高产果胶酶突变株G5512为生产菌,在500L发酵罐中进行深层液体发酵中试。结果表明,在发酵过程中分别进行补料和调节pH,能大幅度提高酶活性;同时进行补料和调节pH,以高酯果胶为底物时发酵液最高酶活性可达1248.17U/mL,以低酯果胶为底物时达2235.75U/mL,分别较出发菌株提高了约2倍和11倍。通过试验,还确定了从发酵液中分离提取果胶酶的最佳工艺流程:发酵酶液→超滤→酒精沉淀→真空干燥,其酶活性回收率在以高酯果胶为底物时达到89.3%,以低酯果胶为底物时为80.3%。