Increased abundance of patatins,lipoxygenase and miraculins in a thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank somaclone with enhanced resistance to common scab

Potato common scab caused by the actinobacterium Streptomyces scabiei is characterized by the formation of corky lesions on tubers that reduce their marketability. Management of common scab is very complex and often ineffective under various environmental conditions. Using potato varieties that are more resistant to common scab remains one of the most efficient strategies to control this disease. However, very little is known about the factors associated with resistance to common scab. Somaclone RB9 regenerated from thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank calli produced tubers more resistant to common scab than the original variety. Comparison of the RB9 tuber proteome with that of Russet Burbank using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed changes in the accumulation of defence-related proteins from the patatin and lipoxygenase (LOX) families, which are involved in the metabolism of lipids, and of two miraculins of the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors family. The implication of LOX during common scab infection was studied using synchronized minitubers developed from leaf-bud cuttings. S. scabiei infection stimulated the accumulation of LOX in both Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers, but this accumulation was intensified in RB9 minitubers. Infection also increased LOX activity in Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers. However, LOX activity measured in noninfected RB9 minitubers was similar to that of infected Russet Burbank minitubers, indicating endogenous activation of LOX activity in RB9 minitubers. We discuss how increased LOX abundance and activity in the somaclone RB9 may contribute to improving tuber defence against common scab.     

绵羊MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性研究进展

主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)是广泛存在于脊椎动物体内的一类高度紧密连锁的基因群,绵羊MHC又称为绵羊淋巴细胞表面抗原(ovine lymphocyte antigen,OLA),位于绵羊20号染色体上,分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类区域,其中MHCⅡ类基因具有高度的基因多态性.文章综述了绵羊MHCⅡ类基因的分子结构及遗传多态性,重点总结了近十年来国内外不同绵羊品种MHCⅡ类基因遗传多态性的研究进展,并对绵羊MHCⅡ类基因未来的研究重点进行了展望.     

肺炎克雷伯氏菌强毒株的分离鉴定及16-23SrRNAITS序列分析

为确诊疑似仔猪肺炎克雷伯氏菌(K.pneumonia)感染,并研究其病原的致病性、耐药性、16-23SrRNA ITS系统进化特征,本研究从云南因肺炎、腹泻而大量死亡的仔猪中分离到1株革兰氏阴性短粗杆菌,命名为KP14013,对其进行生化鉴定、16SrRNA鉴定,研究其对小白鼠和仔猪的致病性,并对其16-23SrRNA ITS基因进行测序和遗传进化分析。结果显示,KP14013分离株生化特征与肺炎克雷伯氏菌相符,其16SrRNA与GenBank中23株肺炎克雷伯氏菌代表株之间的同源性均为99%,将KP14013鉴定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。KP14013对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50)为3×101.8 CFU,腹腔注射3×108 CFU可使仔猪100%致死。16-23SrRNA ITS系统进化关系结果表明,KP14013与GenBank中收录的15株肺炎克雷伯氏菌形成进化树的一个分支,属于同一个亚群,它们之间的核苷酸同源性为98.4%~99.2%。本研究证实了肺炎克雷伯氏菌是该起仔猪腹泻大量死亡的病原;KP14013分离株为毒力极强菌株,具有多重耐药性,其16-23SrRNA ITS与GenBank中收录的肺炎克雷伯氏菌代表株之间核苷酸存在差异,可用于肺炎克雷伯氏菌菌株间的鉴别。     

The therapeutic effects of SET/I2PP2A inhibitors on canine melanoma

Canine melanoma is one of the most important diseases in small animal medicine. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a well conserved serine/threonine phosphatase, plays a critical role as a tumor suppressor. SET/I2PP2A is an endogenous inhibitor for PP2A, which directly binds to PP2A and suppresses its phosphatase activity. Elevated SET protein levels have been reported to exacerbate human tumor progression. The role of SET in canine melanoma, however, has not been understood. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic role for SET inhibitors in canine melanoma. The expression of SET protein was observed in 6 canine melanoma cell lines. We used CMeC-1 cells (primary origin) and CMeC-2 cells (metastatic origin) to generate cell lines stably expressing SET-targeting shRNAs. Knockdown of SET expression in CMeC-2, but not in CMeC-1, leads to decreased cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation. Phosphorylation level of p70 S6 kinase was decreased by SET knockdown in CMeC-2, suggesting the involvement of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin)/p70 S6 kinase signaling. The SET inhibitors, OP449 and FTY720, more effectively killed CMeC-2 than CMeC-1. We observed PP2A activation in CMeC-2 treated with OP449 and FTY720. These results demonstrated the potential therapeutic application of SET inhibitors for canine melanoma.     

Weak activity of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase toward Bisphenol analogs in mouse perinatal development

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely used industrial chemical that disrupts endocrine function. BPA is an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that has been demonstrated to affect reproductive organ development, brain development, metabolic disease and post-natal behavior. Accordingly, Bisphenol analogs, Bisphenol F (BPF, bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) methane) and Bisphenol AF (BPAF, 4,4-hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol) are used as replacements for BPA. BPA is mainly metabolized by UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), UGT2B1, but this effective metabolizing system is weak in the fetus. In the present study, we demonstrated that hepatic UGT activity toward BPAF was very weak, in comparison with BPA and BPF, in the fetus, pups and dams. Conversely, hepatic UGT activity toward BPF was very weak in the fetus and newborn pups, and was increased to the same level as BPA post-partum. In conclusion, BPAF possibly tends to accumulate in the fetus, because of weak metabolism during the perinatal period, suggesting that the metabolism of individual Bisphenol analogs requires assessment to properly gauge their risks.     

7株牛源A型巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

对2014年沈阳地区患有呼吸系统疾病的育肥牛场进行病原分离,得到7株分离菌,对其进行培养形态及染色观察、病理组织切片观察、动物致病性观察及16S序列分析,初步鉴定为牛多杀性巴氏杆菌(Pm)。利用Pm种特异性引物及荚膜血清特异性引物进行PCR扩增,均得到目的基因条带。对分离菌进行药敏试验的结果显示,5株分离菌株已对阿米卡星、新诺明产生较强耐药性;7株分离菌均对氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星、四环素及氨苄西林敏感。由此确定,分离菌株均为牛荚膜A型巴氏杆菌,且已具有一定耐药性。     

Characterization of an intravenous lipopolysaccharide inflammation model in calves with respect to the acute-phase response

Our objective was to develop a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inflammation model in calves to evaluate the acute-phase response with respect to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, fever development and sickness behaviour. Fourteen 4-week-old male Holstein Friesian calves were included and randomly assigned to a negative control group (n = 3) and an LPS-challenged group (n = 11). The latter received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.5 μg of LPS/kg body weight. Blood collection and clinical scoring were performed at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 28, 32, 48, 54 and 72 h post LPS administration (p.a.). In the LPS group, the following clinical signs were observed successively: tachypnoea (on average 18 min p.a.), decubitus (29 min p.a.), general depression (1.75 h p.a.), fever (5 h p.a.) and tachycardia (5 h p.a.). Subsequent to the recovery from respiratory distress, general depression was prominent, which deteriorated when fever increased. One animal did not survive LPS administration, whereas the other animals recovered on average within 6.1 h p.a. Moreover, the challenge significantly increased plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin, with peaking levels at 1, 3.5, 24 and 18 h p.a., respectively. The present LPS model was practical and reproducible, caused obvious clinical signs related to endotoxemia and a marked change in the studied inflammatory mediators, making it a suitable model to study the immunomodulatory properties of drugs in future research.     

Influence of Disease Process and Duration on Acute Phase Proteins in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid of Horses with Colic

Background

The acute phase proteins (APP) serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and fibrinogen are valuable blood biomarkers in equine inflammatory diseases, but knowledge of factors influencing their concentrations in blood and peritoneal fluid (PF) of horses with colic is needed.

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of demographics (age, sex, breed), disease process (simple obstruction, strangulating obstruction, inflammatory), disease location, disease duration, hypovolemia, and admission hospital on concentrations of APP, lactate and white blood cell counts (WBC) in horses with colic admitted to 2 referral hospitals.

Animals

The study included 367 horses with colic admitted at 2 referral hospitals.

Methods

Prospective multicenter observational study of clinical data, as well as blood and PF biomarkers. Associations between biomarker concentrations and clinical variables were analyzed using multivariate linear regression analysis.

Results

Increasing pre‐admission duration of colic was associated with increased concentrations of APP in blood and PF. Blood concentrations of SAA and fibrinogen were associated with disease process (inflammatory, strangulations, simple obstructions) in more colic duration groups (5–12 and >24 hours) than any of the other biomarkers. No relevant associations between demographic factors, hospital, or hydration status and the measured biomarkers were found.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

In horses with colic, concentrations of APP are associated mainly with disease process and duration of colic and may thus be used for assessment of disease independently of demographic or geographic factors. Serum amyloid A may be a diagnostic marker for use in colic differential diagnosis, but further evaluation is needed.     

一种制备(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇的新方法

在催化剂过氧磷钨酸十二烷基吡啶盐(Cat-PW4)的作用下,α-蒎烯与H2O2反应生成主要产物(3R,4R)-4,7,7-三甲基-6-氧杂二环[3.2.1]辛烷-3,4-二醇。不同反应条件对反应转化率和选择性的实验结果表明,最佳反应条件为:12.8 mmolα-蒎烯、5 m L溶剂三氯甲烷、0.2 g催化剂、3.3 m L 30%H2O2,反应温度40℃,反应时间3 h,α-蒎烯转化率和产物的选择性分别为94.7%和39.8%。反应结束后,该产物存在于水相和有机相中,通过萃取和重结晶分离提纯,得率11%,纯度达到98%;其分子结构通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、1H核磁共振谱、13C核磁共振谱、低分辨率质谱及高分辨率质谱确证。     

绿化工程主材“甲供”与“乙供”苗木模式的比较研究

主材供应方式是园林工程中受重视的环节。以恒大公司的几个园林工程为例,通过比较绿化工程苗木材料的"甲供"和"乙供"模式的利弊,归纳总结出适合不同要求的采购模式的方法,从而帮助业主更高效准确地作出选择,并使其选择的材料在达到预期绿化效果的同时,又能适当控制成本。