植物收割对人工湿地基质酶活性的影响

研究了7月份植物收割对人工湿地基质磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、脱氢酶活性及养殖废水中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、COD去除率的影响。结果显示:植物收割后磷酸酶、脲酶、蛋白酶活性开始增高,分别于第20天(13.7 mg/100 g)、第16天(1.9 mg/100 g)、第12天(61.7 mg/100 g)达到最大值,均于第28天(10.1 mg/100 g、1.1 mg/100 g、43.2 mg/100 g)恢复到收割前水平。脱氢酶活性在植物收割后第4天(142.3μL/100 g)降到最小值,此后开始增高,第16天(249.5μL/100 g)达到最大值,于第24天(195.6μL/100 g)恢复到收割前水平。净化效果研究表明,植物收割后TP、TN去除率开始增高,分别在植物收割后第20天(75.1%)、16天(60.6%)达到最大值,均于第28天(51.1%、34.1%)恢复到收割前水平。COD去除率在收割后第4天(25.3%)降到最小值,此后开始增高,第16天(70.2%)达到最高值,第24天(46.5%)恢复到收割前水平。     

Biochemical indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein content) in studying the nutritional status of Ruditapes decussatus (Linnaeus 1758) juveniles

In this work, we investigated the nutritional status of Ruditapes decussatus juveniles under different rearing conditions, using biochemical indices (RNA/DNA ratio and protein content) and the linear instantaneous growth rate (IGR). Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of starvation, addition of substrate (sand) as rearing support and diet composition on somatic growth and biochemical indices. Results show that biochemical indices of fed juveniles were significantly (P<0.05) higher. Highest RNA/DNA values and protein content were recorded in fed juveniles reared with substrate (P<0.05); conversely, lowest values were recorded in starved ones reared without substrate. In the second experiment, the highest RNA/DNA ratio was recorded in juveniles fed with control algal mixture composed of species commonly used in bivalve nurseries [Isochrysis galbana (clone T-Iso), Chaetoceros calcitrans and Tetraselmis suecica] and lowest in those fed with algal species isolated from Tunisian coasts. This confirms the usefulness of the RNA/DNA ratio and protein content in the clam's nutritional status evaluation. This assay is useful to provide information about the nutritional status and health of the clam in field conditions.     

Habitat characteristics at bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake

Abstract –  Bluegill ( Lepomis macrochirus ) primarily reproduce in spawning colonies. We assessed habitat characteristics at 15 bluegill spawning colonies in a South Dakota glacial lake. Nesting sites were visually identified and angling was used to verify the species of nesting fish. Habitat characteristics were measured at each nesting site and compared with those measured at 75 randomly selected sites. In Lake Cochrane, mean water depth of spawning colonies was 1.0 m. Of the 13 habitat characteristics measured, four (substrate type, substrate firmness, vegetation density and dissolved oxygen levels) were significantly different ( P  ≤ 0.05) between nesting and random sites. Every bluegill nest site contained gravel substrate, despite the availability of muck, sand and rock. Substrate firmness was indexed at 0-cm penetration and vegetation density was low at all nesting sites. Additionally, bluegills selected nesting locations with relatively moderate dissolved oxygen levels. Lake Cochrane bluegill nest sites consisted of shallow, gravel areas with short, low-density, live submergent Chara vegetation.     

小白菜潮汐式栽培专用基质的筛选

对3种不同栽培基质和常规栽培基质（市场销售）在潮汐式灌溉模式下进行小白菜栽培试验,比较小白菜的植物学性状,筛选出适用于潮汐式灌溉的小白菜专用型栽培基质。研究结果表明,处理2（40%茶渣蚓粪、20%泥炭、20%蛭石、20%珍珠岩）培育的小白菜株高、生物量、株幅、SPAD 值均显著优于其他处理,栽培效果显著提高,可推荐作为潮汐式灌溉小白菜栽培的专用型基质。     

厌氧污泥发酵制氢工艺试验研究

试验研究了酸处理、碱处理、热处理、超声波预处理厌氧污泥发酵产氢的产氢量，选择产氢量最高的热预处理后的污泥作为混合微生物系，以葡萄糖为基质，研究了温度、pH值、底物浓度对厌氧污泥发酵产氢量的影响。结果表明，发酵的温度、pH值、底物浓度是影响热处理污泥发酵产氢的3个重要因素。厌氧污泥发酵产氢的最适pH值为6.0，最适葡萄糖浓度为5 g/L，最适温度为45℃。     

菇渣发酵园艺基质的理化性状和应用效果

利用菇渣等固体废弃物生产园艺基质是充分利用自然资源的环保措施。利用工厂化生产金针菇的菇渣为主要原料，加入一定比例的尿素、芝麻渣、发酵微生物等辅料，通过充分堆制发酵生产园艺基质。试验表明，菇渣发酵后按照体积比6：4的比例与蛭石混合是最佳配方。黄瓜和网纹甜瓜的栽培试验表明，混配的菇渣基质可以降低生产成本，提高产量和品质，是一种优质的环保型有机园艺基质。     

磷钾钙配比对芦苇末基质栽培甜椒幼苗生长及生理代谢的影响

以甜椒品种‘中椒5号’为试材,以芦苇末和蛭石(体积比3∶1)混合基质为栽培基质,运用正交试验设计法,研究了营养液中不同磷、钾、钙水平对甜椒幼苗生长及体内营养元素含量等的影响。结果表明,芦苇末混合基质栽培甜椒时,提高营养液中磷和钙水平,甜椒幼苗的株高、生物积累量、根系活力、叶绿素含量和净光合速率(Pn)显著提高,过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量降低,幼苗体内营养元素含量较高;而提高营养液中的钾水平对甜椒幼苗没有明显的影响。总之,营养液中磷和钙处于较高水平、钾处于较低水平时,芦苇末混合基质栽培的甜椒幼苗生长势良好;用芦苇末基质栽培甜椒时应具有较高的磷和钙营养管理水平,浇灌营养液中磷、钾、钙浓度的最佳配比组合为:1.66、3、3 mmol.L-1。     

几种农林废弃物发酵基质与常用轻型基质的理化性质比较

收集山核桃壳、锯末、枯枝落叶、菇渣、中药渣5种常见农林废弃材料,经过发酵和消毒处理,按照不同配比混合成8组不同的轻型栽培基质,测定其理化性质,并与日常栽培容器苗的轻型基质泥炭和珍珠岩比较。结果表明:8组不同轻型基质的容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、pH值、全N差异显著;持水孔隙、大小空隙比、EC值、全P、全K(除6、7号基质外)、速效K差异极显著(1%水平);以2号混合基质锯末:枯枝落叶:山核桃壳:珍珠岩=4:2:3:1(体积比)为最佳配比。     

大字杜鹃播种育苗技术研究

以大字杜鹃为材料,对播种育苗技术进行研究,结果表明,种子发芽适宜的光照强度为1 000～2 000 Lx;种子最佳催芽处理方法是:种子采集调制后冷藏,播种前浸泡48 h;最适宜的播种基质为腐殖土+土沙混合,比例为2:1 ,再覆盖1 cm厚粉碎的苔藓.播种育苗适宜在温室与塑料大棚中进行,出苗率分别达到85% 和61%,当...     

秸秆批式和半连续式发酵物料浓度对沼气产率的影响

为比较秸秆批式发酵和半连续发酵工艺的产沼气效果,以水稻秸秆为单一发酵底物,开展了室内中温批式发酵和半连续发酵对比试验,以容积产气率和原料产气率为特征指标,研究不同料液浓度对秸秆批式和半连续发酵产沼气的影响,以期获得秸秆沼气工程适宜的运行参数。结果表明,批式发酵容积产气率随着TS浓度的增加而增加,但增幅逐渐减少;与静态批式发酵相比,间歇搅拌有助于提高批式发酵容积产气率,特别对高TS浓度处理容积产气率的提升效果更加明显;而半连续进料条件下更有利于高TS浓度处理容积产气率的提高,但各处理原料产气率均随着固物滞留时间(solid retention time,SRT)缩短而逐渐降低。综合考虑产气情况及工程应用实际,建议秸秆批式发酵底物质量分数不超过8%,而半连续发酵TS质量分数8%时SRT设计为20 d(容积产气率1.00 m3/(m3·d)),若发酵TS质量分数6%时,SRT设计为15 d,容积产气率0.75 m3/(m3·d),该运行参数为秸秆沼气工程发展提供了理论依据。