菇渣水苔复合基质对草莓生长、产量及品质的影响

以草莓品种丰香为试材,以菇渣为对照,将菇渣与水苔按不同质量比混配成栽培基质,研究不同配比的新型基质对草莓生长、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,不同配比的新型基质理化性状(EC值、p H值、容重、比重、孔隙度)均适合草莓生长,混配基质栽培的草莓茎粗、叶面积、还原糖、维生素C、可溶性蛋白及果实产量均优于对照,以菇渣∶水苔=15∶1的处理更能显著提高草莓生长量,提高果实产量及品质。     

菌草灵芝菌糟对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

选取10头产奶量、胎次、泌乳天数和体重基本一致的荷斯坦奶牛,按单因素试验设计,随机分为对照组和试验组。每组5头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在饲喂的基础日粮中用1．5k·头-1·d-1菌草灵芝菌糟替代1kg·头-1·d-1甜菜粕,研究菌草灵芝菌糟对奶牛生产性能和血液生化指标的影响．结果表明：对照组和试验组奶牛的产奶量分别比试验前降低16．85％和14．29％,表明以菌糟替代部分甜菜粕可延缓泌乳中期奶牛产奶量降低的趋势;两组间的乳常规成分,血液中葡萄糖、胆固醇的浓度,总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）、免疫球蛋白M（1gM）的含量,白蛋白／球蛋白,谷丙转氨酶活性差异均不显著（P〉0．05）,试验组的血液尿索氮浓度与对照组相比降低13．26％,差异显著（P〈0．05）;试验后两组间的牛奶IgG含量差异不显著（P〉0．05）,但试验组与对照组相比有较明显的上升趋势,提高56．67％;试验组每头奶牛每年可节约饲料成本529．25元,经济效益明显．     

不同发芽基质上盐分胁迫对 千穗谷种子萌发的影响

千穗谷(A maranthus hypochondriacusL.)是优质耐瘠薄牧草资源.为了探讨其种子的耐盐能力,分5个盐分胁迫处理:0、1、2、5、10 g/kg,分别在石英砂基质、海兴盐碱土基质和安国潮褐土基质上,进行发芽试验.结果表明,不同基质上千穗谷发芽率与盐分浓度表现出显著的负相关关系.在石英砂、海兴盐碱土、安国潮褐土基质上,千穗谷与盐分浓度的回归方程斜率分别为-5.77、-8.787、-7.95.千穗谷种子萌发盐分胁迫临界值为海兴盐碱土大于安国潮褐土,分别为3.5、3.4 g/kg;盐分胁迫极限值为安国潮褐土大于海兴盐碱土,分别为8.4、8.1 g/kg.盐分对千穗谷种子萌发及幼苗生长有一定的抑制作用;随着盐分浓度的提高,3种基质上千穗谷种子发芽率均呈下降趋势,幼苗生长状况也呈现同一趋势.     

Use of GIS to predict effects of water level on the spawning area for smelt, Retropinna retropinna, in Lake Taupo, New Zealand

A GIS model of the littoral bathymetry and substrate composition of Lake Taupo was created using ArcInfo. Littoral substrates were mapped by aerial photography and confirmed by ground-truthing. Water depths were determined by echosounding linked to a differential GPS. These data were imported into ArcInfo where a 3D GIS model was used to calculate the total area of smelt, Retropinna retropinna Richardson, spawning habitat (i.e. clean sand between depths of 0.5–2.5 m) at each of five lake levels. There was little change in area over the first 50 cm below the natural maximum lake level, but spawning habitat decreased rapidly over the next 1.4 m such that a 30% reduction occurred at the natural minimum level. Anecdotal information on inter-annual variations in lake level and smelt abundance supported the notion that high lake levels in spring result in high recruitment of smelt. The GIS model also predicted effects of lake level change on areas of macrophyte cover and on other littoral substrates, and could be used to assess effects of lake level changes on the habitats of other biota.     

四种填料滤器处理养鱼废水的硝化性能

为了研究不同填料对海水养殖废水处理的硝化效能,并为生物滤器硝化动力学模型的构建、生物滤器的设计与管理提供基础数据支持,本文在5个化学耗氧量/总氨氮比0、0.8、2、6、12条件下,研究了竹制空心生化球、麦饭石、陶粒和生物滤球等4种填料的生物滤器去除模拟海水养殖废水中化学需氧量和总氨氮,以及生物膜微生物种群结构和数量的变化。结果表明：在低化学需氧量/总氨氮（＜6）条件下麦饭石填料的生物滤器具有最高的化学需氧量和总氨氮去除效能,最高分别可达850和21 g/(m3·d)（化学需氧量/总氨氮=0.8）;竹制空心     

木薯渣复合基质在辣椒穴盘育苗上的应用效果

为了综合利用木薯渣废弃资源,本研究以木薯渣作为基本原料,辅以不同比例的蔗渣、菌糠等,配制成9个配方的木薯渣复合基质,并进行理化性状分析和辣椒穴盘育苗试验。试验结果表明,绝大部分复合基质的容重、pH、C/N、电导率和大小孔隙比均在优良无土栽培基质要求的范围内;其中,复合基质配方2（67%木薯渣＋5%蔗渣）、配方7（62%木薯渣＋10%菌糠）和配方9（42%木薯渣＋30%菌糠）对辣椒穴盘育苗的效果最好,所对应的辣椒苗的株高、地上部鲜重和根鲜重均比其它基质配方高,辣椒苗根部结团效果亦较好。因此,利用木薯渣可以合成复合基质用于辣椒的无土栽培穴盘育苗,该研究结果将为木薯渣废弃资源的再利用提供了一条新的途径。     

异粒包膜控释肥料氮素释放特性的研究

按照商品控释肥料的核芯肥料之粒级进行混配,利用底喷流化包膜技术制造出异粒包膜控释肥。通过静水培养试验,分别测得不同粒径控释肥料0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、14、21、28、56 d的氮素释放率,探讨粒径对氮素释放率、膜芯比等的影响。结果表明,随着粒径增加,氮素释放率明显降低,培养1 d,2～3、3～4、4～5 mm粒径控释肥料的氮素释放率依次为26.9%、4.45%、1.26%; 2～3 mm粒径的控释肥料的控释期只有4 d,3～4 mm为28 d,4～5 mm的大于56 d。培养过程,即控释肥料氮素释放过程,前期释放的氮素主要来自3 mm粒径的控释肥料。粒径大小对膜芯比有极显著的影响,膜芯比随着粒径的增加而增加。2～3 mm粒径控释肥料膜芯比比预设的降低15.58%,3～4 mm的降低了4.29%; 而4～5 mm的膜芯比则比设计的增加了5.65％。因此要保证控释肥料产品的质量,核芯肥料的粒级是必须控制的重要因素之一。     

Effect of lithological substrate on microbial biomass and enzyme activity in brown soil profiles in the northern Apennines (Italy)

The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial activity along forest brown soil profiles sequence developed on different lithological substrates (carbonate or non-carbonated cement in sandstone formations) at different altitudes. The main question posed was: does carbonate affect the biochemical activity of brown soil profiles at different altitudes? For the purpose of this study, four soil profiles with different amounts and compositions of SOM developed on different lithological substrates were selected: two with carbonate (MB and MZ) and the other two with non-carbonated cement in the sandstone formations (MF1 and MF2). Chemical and biochemical properties of soil were analysed along soil profiles in order to assess the SOM quantity and quality, namely total organic C (C_org), water extractable organic C (WEOC) and humification indices (HI, DH, HR). Microbial biomass (C_mic and N_mic) content, as well as the specific activities of acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and chitinase enzymes were chosen as indicators of biochemical activity. The soil biochemical properties provided evidence of better conditions for microorganisms in MB than in MF1, MF2 and MZ soil profiles, since patterns of microbial biomass content and activity might be expected in response to the amount and quality of organic substances. The different lithological substrates did not show any clear effect on soil microbial biomass content, since similar values were obtained in MF1, MF2 (with non-carbonated cement) and MZ (with carbonate). However, the specific activities of acid phosphatase (per unit of C_org and per unit of C_mic) were higher in soils with no carbonate (MF1 and MF2) than in soils with carbonate (MB and MZ). In conclusion, the biochemical activity along brown soil profiles was mainly regulated by different soil organic matter content and quality, while the two different lithological substrates (with carbonate or non-carbonated cement in the sandstone formations) did not show any direct effect on microbial biomass and its activity. However, the activity of acid phosphatase per unit of C was particularly enhanced in soil with non-carbonate cement in the sandstone formations.     

Efficacy of Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Treating Naturally-Induced Edwardsiella ictaluri Infections in Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus

Sarafin (sarafloxacin hydrochloride), a new antibacterial, was evaluated in the field on a naturally induced infection of Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish, -Ictalurus punctatus. Healthy channel catfish (mean weight = 50 g) were stocked into nine cages at 200 fish per cage in a pond with an undergoing E. ictaluri infection. Seven days after stocking, dead fish were observed in the cages with clinical signs of enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). After E. ictaluri was confirmed through isolative biochemical tests, medicated feed was applied for five consecutive days. During this period, fish in three control cages received a commercial 32% protein floating feed, three other cages of fish served as positive controls and were fed Romet, and three cages received the test feed with Sarafin. Both medicated feeds reduced the increase in cumulative percent mortality. In the control cages, cumulative percent mortalities continued to increase throughout the study period. Average daily mortality rates were significantly lower following both treatments of medicated feed, and treatments receiving Sarafin showed the greatest reduction in average daily mortality rates. Average daily mortality rates in the control did not change after the medicated feeding period. Toward the end of the study, temperatures reached 30°C, above the active range of ESC infections, and all mortalities ceased.     

代料栽培糙皮侧耳配方与品种筛选

以玉米秆、玉米芯、麦草等为主要原料进行7个配方10个糙皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)品种筛选试验,以袋出菇产量进行评价,结果表明:最佳配方依次为B2(棉籽壳40%+木屑20%+玉米秆30%)、B3(棉籽壳21%+木屑9%+玉米秆60%)、B6(玉米芯90%)、B7(麦草90%)、B5(木屑30%+玉米秆60%)、B4(玉米秆90%);以生物学效率进行评价,首选配方为B3,次之为B4、B7、B6、B2、B5。供试菌种产量排序结果表明:A10(5902)高产性状明显,次之为A2(新8)、A1(农平10号)、A9(优88)和A8(新科170);综合产量和生物形态学表现,秸秆代料栽培适宜品种为A10、A2、A1、A9、A5(黑平王)、和A7(原生2号),其中,玉米秆配方(B4、B3、B2)适宜栽培品种为A10、A2、A9、A1,玉米芯配方(B6)适宜品种为A10、A5和A7;麦草配方B7适宜品种为A10、A6(黑优抗)、A2和A1。最佳秸秆配方与品种组合为:(A10-B2)、(A10-B3)和(A2-B2)。