温度和pH值对乐清养殖泥蚶蛋白酶的影响

应用分光光度计比色法测定了pH值和温度对乐清养殖泥蚶蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明：乐清养殖泥蚶蛋白酶的最适pH值为2.6和5．8，最适温度为40℃。     

The influence of salmon surface mucus on the growth of Flavobacterium columnare

Flavobacterium columnare is the causative agent of columnaris disease. The presence of lesions on the gills, skin and fins of diseased fish suggests that F. columnare is able to utilize fish skin mucus as a substrate for growth and that exposure to this material would alter the expression of genes involved in the colonization of the outer surfaces of the fish. Growth, biofilm formation, extracellular protease production and changes in protein expression of F. columnare strain C#2 cultured in media supplemented with juvenile Atlantic salmon skin mucus were compared with the same media without mucus. C#2 was able to grow by using mucus as the sole nutrient source. Growth in mucus-containing media induced cells to grow as a biofilm and extracellular protease activity increased in mucus-containing cultures. SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed that expression of six extracellular proteins increased in mucus-containing media. These results demonstrate that salmon surface mucus promotes the growth of F. columnare and that exposure to mucus alters the growth characteristics of this bacterium with regard to protease production and biofilm formation. Further characterization of mucus-induced physiological changes will increase our understanding of the basis of virulence of this economically important fish pathogen.     

1种可用于检测WSSV蛋白酶的微量酶活测定技术

以酪蛋白为底物 ,对常规蛋白酶检测方法进行改进并与偶氮酪蛋白法进行比较 ,建立适应病毒微量蛋白酶的快速检测方法。结果表明 ,改进的微量蛋白酶检测方法具有微量、快速、灵敏度高的特点 ,适于病毒微量蛋白酶的检测。蛋白酶的最低检出量可达ng级。     

高植物蛋白饲料中添加蛋白酶对克氏原螯虾生长、免疫力及消化力的影响

为探讨低鱼粉高植物蛋白饲料中蛋白酶的适宜添加范围,在克氏原螯虾基础饲料中分别添加0、0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6 g/kg蛋白酶,制作成6组饲料。选择初始体质量为(8.18±0.11) g的克氏原螯虾,随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复15尾虾,在室内养殖桶中饲养8周。结果显示,随饲料蛋白酶添加量的增加：(1)各组间存活率、肝体比、腹部含肉率均无显著差异;增重率和特定生长率均先升高后降低,且在蛋白酶添加量为0.2 g/kg时达到最大值。当蛋白酶添加量为0.4 g/kg时饲料系数最低;蛋白质效率和蛋白质沉积率分别在添加量为0.4和0.2 g/kg时达到最高值。经折线回归分析,增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率分别在蛋白酶添加量为0.16、0.24、0.23 g/kg时有最佳值。(2)腹部肌肉和全虾粗蛋白质含量先升高后降低最终趋于平稳,均在0.2 g/kg组有最大值。(3)肠道及肝胰腺蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶活性均先增加后缓慢降低,均在0.2 g/kg组出现最大值,且显著高于对照组。(4)血清总蛋白含量在0.4 g/kg组出现最大值;谷草转氨酶及谷丙转氨酶活性先降低后增加,均在0.4 ...     

Hydrolytic Enzyme Inhibitors and Necrotic Reactions in Potato Leaves Reduce Reproductive Success of Colorado Potato Beetle

In field and laboratory conditions the reproductive potential （survival at different stages of development） of the Colorado potato beetle has been measured, the dependence of the parameters of insects fertility on varietal features of the feed has been investigated, the food activity of the representatives of insects from four areas of the Southern Urals has been measured, the intensity and time of hypersensitivity reactions on potato leaves has been defined. In laboratory experiments, the level of activity of hydrolytic enzymes in insects and the level of activity of these enzymes inhibitors in the leaves of three potato varieties differing in their resistance to the Colorado potato beetle have been determined. The results show that the insects-representatives of different samples have different food activity in relation to different potato varieties. High mortality rates were revealed at feeding with leaves of potato of the Bashkir variety characterized by a high level of hydrolases inhibitors and relatively rapid development of necrotic reactions after the appearance of eggs laying on the leaves. We suppose that the neerogenetic barrier appearing in the form of necrosis is the major cause of the fetal mortality of insects. The level of the content of inhibitors inactivating larvae digestive enzymes affects the survival of insects at postembryonic stages. The speed of the necrosis emergence, the level of activity of digestive enzymes inhibitors in potato can be considered as criteria for the selection of breeding material for resistance to the Colorado potato beetle.     

鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白酶解物分子量分布与抗氧化性的研究(英文)

[目的]为了研究鲮鱼鱼皮胶原蛋白水解物的分子量的分布及抗氧化活性。[方法]分子量分布采用分子排阻色谱法和基质辅助激光解吸附飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS),鱼皮用碱性蛋白酶2709处理。[结果]最佳水解条件为:pH 10.0、反应温度55℃、底物浓度为80 g/L、酶和底物比4%,水解时间3 h。两种方法分析水解产物的相对分子质量分布范围为400~1 800 Da,大多数胶原蛋白短肽的分子量在1 400 Da以下。[结论]结果表明,鱼皮水解物是一种潜在的抗氧化物。     

饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性及菌群的影响

【目的】研究蛋鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的碳酸氢钠对肠道内容物pH、消化蛋白酶活性和肠道菌群的影响,以探讨饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡消化机能的影响。【方法】选取21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡450只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每重复15只鸡;对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加0.1%,0.5%,2.5%,5%NaHCO3的试验饲粮,试验期133d。试验期末采集各组肌胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠食糜及粪便,测定各段食糜和粪便的pH、肌胃食糜的胃蛋白酶活性、十二指肠食糜的胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性以及回肠和盲肠食糜中菌群的变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)指纹图谱,并计算回肠、盲肠食糜的多样性指数和相似性指数。【结果】1)饲粮中添加0.1%和0.5%的碳酸氢钠对蛋鸡肠道各段pH无显著影响,而饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著提高蛋鸡肌胃、十二指肠和空肠内容物以及粪便的pH(P0.05)。2)饲粮中添加2.5%和5%的碳酸氢钠可显著降低肌胃中胃蛋白酶、十二指肠中胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性(P0.05)。3)饲粮中添加碳酸氢钠可改变蛋鸡回肠和盲肠的微生物多样性指数。【结论】饲粮中添加高剂量的碳酸氢钠(2.5%和5%)显著影响蛋鸡消化道内环境,降低蛋鸡的蛋白消化机能。     

Preparation and antinutritional characteristics of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein concentrates

Protein concentrates and starches were prepared by a wet extraction process from five dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. The protein contents ranged from 69.7–76.4%. Concentrates prepared from dehulled beans under similar conditions had higher protein contents (80.6–87.9%). Each additional washing of the concentrates with distilled water increased their protein content. However, the protein recovery progressively decreased. The yield of starch ranged from 48.0–51.1% of the starting material. The solubility of bean proteins was minimal at pH 4.0, and under alkaline conditions, it was influenced by the tannin contents of the concentrates. Protein concentrates had lower trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase inhibitory activities as well as lower phytic acid and tannin contents compared to whole bean flours.     

Distribution of Enzymes in Wheat Flour Mill Streams

The distribution of alpha -amylase, protease, lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in wheat roller flour mill streams was studied. Break flours had relatively less alpha -amylase and protease activity than reduction flours both on flour weight and a protein basis. Among the different flour streams, the 5^thand 6^threduction passage had the highest alpha -amylase activity, while the 4^threduction passage had the highest protease activity. The lipoxygenase activity was concentrated mostly in the last break and the reduction streams, whereas polyphenol oxidase activity was highest in break flour streams. Peroxidase activity was distributed unevenly among the different mill streams. The lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase were highly concentrated in different bran fractions. Except for protease, the other enzymes were concentrated in the «atta», a milling by-product comprising refined flour, bran and shorts; and are least active in semolina (farina).