CRMS诱导水稻雄性不育的研究——Ⅲ.CRMS对水稻花药游离脯氨酸含量的影响及其与花药败育的关系

利用~3H-脯氨酸、~3H-谷氨酸示踪分析方法,研究了CRMS诱导水稻雄性不育的作用机理。试验结果表明,CRMS阻碍剑叶向花药运输脯氨酸,抑制花药本身合成脯氨酸能力,并降低脯氨酸合成醇不溶性大分子物质的结合率,引起花药营养匮乏,导致花药败育。     

Na~+、K~+和Cl~-对玉米营养和毒性的比较研究

用NaCl、KCl、NaNO3和KNO34种盐处理非盐生植物玉米 (Zeamays)幼苗 ,比较Na+ 、K+ 和Cl- 的营养性和毒性。低浓度时 ,Na+ 、K+ 和Cl- 对玉米的生长都有促进作用 ,其中K+ 的促进作用明显 ;高浓度处理时 ,Na+ 、K+ 和Cl- 的效应有差异。NaCl和KCl处理时 ,Cl- 表现出明显的毒性 ;NaNO3和KNO3处理时 ,Na+ 表现出的毒害作用较K+ 强。低浓度的Na+ 和Cl- 促进玉米叶片叶绿素的合成 ;高浓度的Cl- 导致脯氨酸含量明显升高 ,植株干枯或黄化。     

铅胁迫对金丝草生长及生理生化的影响

采用土培方法,探究不同梯度铅胁迫(0、1000、2000和3000 mg·kg^-1)对金丝草生长形态、体内抗氧化系统和渗透调节物质的影响。结果表明:低浓度(1000 mg·kg^-1)处理会诱导金丝草叶片过氧化物酶(POD)活性、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和根系抗超氧阴离子自由基活力(ASAFR)、可溶性糖(SS)及脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加,使得金丝草植株总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)处于较高水平,促进了金丝草株高、叶长和生物量的增加。随胁迫浓度增加,高浓度(2000~3000 mg·kg^-1)处理下,金丝草叶片和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量迅速增加,株高、叶长、叶面积和生物量下降,生长受到抑制。但金丝草通过增强叶片和根系POD、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性来抵御过氧化作用,提高可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量维持细胞正常运作,增加根系生物量占比来加强根系发育,一定程度适应了高浓度铅胁迫。综上表明,金丝草主要通过叶片和根系不同抗氧化酶差异化响应、提高渗透调节物质含量,提升金丝草植株总抗氧化能力等途径来提高Pb耐性,对Pb污染矿区植物修复有较大潜力。     

Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究

应用砂培试验对苇状羊茅盐胁迫下的生理效应进行了研究,通过对苇状羊茅盐胁迫下的相对鲜重,相对干重,根冠比,脯氨酸含量,叶绿素含量及根系活力进行测定,表明,低浓度的盐处理下,苇状羊茅生长未表现出受不利因素影响,但此时羊茅已对外界高渗溶液做出生理反应,叶片中脯氨酸含量成倍增加;随着盐胭控浓度的增大,羊茅相对鲜重,相对干重,根系活力均降低２,生长和生理上都表现出盐害效应同时叶片中脯氨酸和叶绿素含量增加,反     

Application of biochar in mitigation of negative effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects crop production throughout the world. Biochar is an activated carbon soil conditioner that can alleviate the negative impacts of salinity. The research was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of 1% and 2% of biochar application on wheat seed germination and growth attributes under salinity. Both levels of biochar improved the germination and growth conditions under salinity; however, 2% biochar level was more effective compared to 1% level. Root and shoot length increased up to 23% and11% with 2% biochar, respectively. The maximum increase of 16% and 10% in leaf water potential and osmotic potential was noted with 2% biochar at 150 mM salt. The decrease in proline content and soluble sugar at 2% biochar was 51% and 27%, respectively. Decrease in superoxide dismutase activity was 15.3% at 2% level of biochar under stress biochar mitigates the negative effects of salinity and improved wheat productivity.     

中国柽柳幼苗叶片生理特性对碱胁迫的响应

以中国柽柳为试材,通过盆栽试验,研究混合碱(NaHCO3和Na2CO3摩尔比为9:1)在不同浓度胁迫下(100、200、300和400 mmol/L)对中国柽柳幼苗叶片生理特性和株高的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,中国柽柳叶片的相对含水量在碱浓度为100、200、300和400 mmol/L时均显著降低,分别下降8.82%、34.49%、43.27%和45.43%;而叶片丙二醛、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量则随着碱浓度的升高呈递增的趋势,其中100、200、300和400 mmol/L碱处理的脯氨酸含量分别较对照显著高出36.37%、56.41%、77.35%和84.25%。此外,不同碱浓度处理的株高大小次序为：对照>100 mmol/L>200 mmol/L>300 mmol/L≈400 mmol/L,其中100、200、300和400 mmol/L处理的株高分别比对照显著降低45.95%、62.16%、70.27%和74.05%,表明不同程度的碱胁迫均显著抑制了中国柽柳的生长。综合分析认为,以NaHCO3和Na2CO3为主要盐分的碱胁迫对中国柽柳的生长发育具有一定的抑制作用,随着碱胁迫程度的加剧,抑制作用越来越大。     

11个苹果野生砧木品种低温处理抗性指标的综合评价

对苹果野生砧木品种进行抗寒性综合评价,为耐寒性砧木的开发利用提供科学依据。以11个野生砧木品种为试验材料,在-10~-45℃设置7个低温梯度处理,对枝条萌芽率,电导率、脯氨酸、丙二醛含量进行研究。结果表明,低温处理后,围矮4号和Sdw1萌芽率迅速下降,11个野生砧木品种的相对电导率随处理温度下降呈“S”形增加,计算得半致死温度（LT₅₀）介于-22.32~-38.58℃。丙二醛含量呈双峰变化趋势,Sdw1、串铃海棠、围矮4号丙二醛含量较高,围矮2号、Spy227、特大果山定子丙二醛含量低且稳定。围矮4号、Sdw1、串铃海棠Pro累积较早,围矮2号和特大果山定子脯氨酸含量最大。利用隶属函数法进行抗寒性综合评价,11个野生砧木抗寒性强弱顺序为围矮2号＞特大果山定子＞Spy227＞八棱海棠＞围矮3号＞克勒沟林场大果山定子＞围矮1号＞五峰山4号＞串铃海棠＞围矮4号＞Sdw1,与根据LT₅₀所得抗寒性排序相近。