Improvement of mechanical and electrical properties of poly(ethylene glycol) and cyanoresin based polymer electrolytes

Ionic conductivity and mechanical properties of a mixed polymer matrix consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and cyanoresin type M (CRM) with various lithium salts and plasticizer were examined. The CRM used was a copolymer of cyanoethyl pullulan and cyanoethyl poly(vinyl alcohol) with a molar ratio of 1:1, mixed plasticizer was ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) at a volume ratio of 1:1. The conductive behavior of polymer electrolytes in the temperature range of 298∼338 K was investigated. The PEG/LiClO₄ complexes exhibited the highest ionic conductivity of ∼10⁻⁵ S/cm at 25°C with the salt concentration of 1.5 M. In addition, the plasticized PEG/LiClO₄ complexes exhibited improvement of ionic conductivity. However, their complexes showed decreased mechanical properties. The improvement of ionic conductivity and mechanical properties could be obtained from the polymer electrolytes by using CRM. The highest ionic conductivity of PEG/CRM/LiClO₄/(EC-PC) was 5.33×10⁻⁴ S/cm at 25°C.     

猕猴桃果实乙烯代谢的研究

刚采收的猕猴桃硬果不产生乙烯,也无 ACC 氧化酶活性,但有少量 ACC 存在。随着果实的软化,乙烯开始出现并很快达到释放高峰,乙烯的释放与 ACC 氧化酶的活性及 ACC的含量变化一致。用外源乙烯或机械伤处理加速了猕猴桃果实内源乙烯释放的原因,是这些处理促进了 ACC 的合成并增加了 ACC 氧化酶的活性。与冷藏相比,气调贮藏强烈地抑制了ACC 氧化酶的活性和乙烯的释放。浸钙处理对猕猴桃果实的乙烯释放、ACC 氧化酶活性及ACC 含量影响不大,因此浸钙处理后减缓猕猴桃果实软化的作用可能是通过其他途径实现的。     

湖北光敏感核不育水稻育性转换机理初探

用乙烯生物合成抑制剂CoCl_2处理湖北光敏感核不育水稻(HPGMR),可在长日照不育条件下出现可育现象,而在育性转换临界光长下显著促进可育性表达。HPGMR幼穗中乙烯释放量,在长日照下所形成的幼穗比普通农垦58品种高2.5-5倍,而在育性转换临界光长下所形成的幼穗则降低至接近普通农垦58的低水平。表明HPGMR中可能存在受光周期调节的乙烯代谢系统,其育性转换受乙烯代谢水平的调控。     

水分胁迫下植物乙烯,脯氨酸积累气孔反应的研究现状

对植物在水分胁迫下乙烯，脯氨酸积累，气孔反应的研究现状以及这些指标在水胁迫下的生理特征进行了探讨，以期为植物的抗旱性品种选育，提高作物产量，发展干旱地区农业生产提供参考。     

包裹姜根油的多种纳米颗粒的制备及质量评价

以大豆磷脂、聚乙交酯丙交酯(PLGA)和聚乙二醇(PEG)3种原料成功制备了包裹难溶于水的植物提取物姜根油(GRO)的纳米脂质体、PLGA纳米颗粒和PEG纳米颗粒,并对3种不同载体制备的纳米制剂的形貌、大小、Zeta电位,包封率及物理稳定性等进行了考察.研究结果表明3种纳米颗粒各有优缺点,可以根据不同的条件和不同的需要制备不同的颗粒,为开发新型的难溶药用植物提取物的理想药剂提供了实验依据.     

Selection of ethylene-resistant carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) by video recording system and their response to ethylene

We used conventional cross-breeding techniques to develop a carnation with low ethylene sensitivity. A time-lapse video recording system for evaluating ethylene sensitivity of flowers, developed in our earlier study, proved useful for this breeding. We selected 10 new ethylene-resistant lines, in addition to the previously selected line 64–54. Lines 902–48a, 234–43S, and 234–36S showed extremely low ethylene sensitivity. The response time to 10 μL L⁻¹ ethylene of these three lines exceeded 50 h in two independent experiments (2004 and 2005), whereas that of three sensitive control cultivars (‘White Sim’, ‘Excerea’, and ‘Scania’) was 6.2–8.0 h. The mean vase life of the ethylene-resistant lines ranged from 7.6 to 12.7 days (1.4–2.3 times that of ‘White Sim’). The application of ethylene to carnation flowers induced autocatalytic ethylene production in both petals and gynoecia of 9 of the 11 ethylene-resistant lines without petal wilting, indicating that the autocatalytic ethylene production was regulated independently of the petal wilting reaction. This result further suggests that these lines have normal ethylene receptors and produce ethylene autocatalytically, but their petal wilting reaction stops at a point beyond the receptor. Two lines (118–64S and 120–69S) showed extremely low ethylene production at flower senescence and very low autocatalytic ethylene production from petals and gynoecia.     

乙烯对匍匐翦股颖ISR抗病反应中AsA-GSH循环及胼胝质沉积的影响

以匍匐翦股颖品种“Penn-A4”为试验材料,侵染立枯丝核菌后,经丁二醇(BDO)诱导产生系统抗性(ISR),喷施不同浓度的乙烯合成抑制剂氯化钴(CoCl₂)和促进剂1-氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)后,检测抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽(AsA-GSH)循环中抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及相关酶活性的变化,并观察匍匐翦股颖ISR反应中胼胝质沉积的变化。结果表明,乙烯抑制剂处理下,匍匐翦股颖幼苗中AsA含量较低,抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性下降,大量GSH被催化还原为氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG),GSSG大量积累,同时谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性较低,GSSG经GR少量还原为GSH。乙烯促进剂处理下,AsA含量较高,APX活性升高,GSSG在高活性GR作用下催化还原为GSH,使得GSH大量积累。因此在匍匐翦股颖ISR抗病反应中,高浓度乙烯促进AsA和GSH的大量积累,它们不仅参与了活性氧的代谢平衡,同时也作为信号分子在ISR抗病反应中起着重要作用。匍匐翦股颖感染褐斑病后,胼胝质主要沉积在厚壁细胞、韧皮部、木质部和表皮组织,其中厚壁细胞胼胝质沉积最多,表皮组织沉积最少。此外,胼胝质沉积面积在不同乙烯信号分子处理间存在差异,但随着处理时间的延长差异不显著。一定浓度的乙烯对ISR反应中胼胝质的沉积具有一定的影响,随着处理时间的延长显著增加,在100 μmol·L^-1ACC处理5 d后,胼胝质沉积总面积仅为9.916 mm²,处理10 d后升至最高,为38.396 mm²,但在病害侵染后期,胼胝质数量减少,在100 μmol·L^-1ACC处理15 d后,胼胝质沉积总面积降至20.052 mm²,反映了乙烯信号分子对胼胝质沉积的影响是一种短期效应,短期内可提高匍匐翦股颖植株抗病性,具有信号分子的短时效特点。研究结果为探清匍匐翦股颖ISR抗病响应中ET信号分子如何调控抗病生理特性提供了理论基础。     

Hull to caryopsis adhesion and grain skinning in malting barley: Identification of key growth stages in the adhesion process

Strong adhesion between the hull and the caryopsis is essential for barley to be of good malting quality. Poor hull adhesion, a condition known as grain skinning, is undesirable for malting and downstream processes. At present, the processes mediating hull adhesion during grain development are poorly understood. The barley cultivar Chariot was grown in greenhouse conditions and grain development was recorded at defined growth stages to examine the timing of hull adhesion. Initiation of adhesion was first observed when caryopsis fresh weight and volume were approaching their maximum at 19 days after anthesis, during early dough. Hull adhesion was complete by 27 days after anthesis, or soft dough. Sections of developing grains were observed using light and transmission electron microscopy to examine a lipid-rich cementing layer believed to be responsible for adhesion between the hull and the pericarp. Evidence for a lipid-rich cementing material was supported by the observation that neither pectinase nor cellulase effected hull loosening. Grain growth, the presence of globular material originating from the pericarp and an electron dense material in the cementing layer are discussed in relation to hull adhesion. Grain skinning could be caused by poor adherence of cuticular material or inadequate fusion between cuticles.     

Co~（2＋）对渗透胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片乙烯产生率及蛋白酶活性的影响

在－１．０ＭＰａＰＥＧ渗透胁迫下，小麦幼苗叶片乙烯产生速率和蛋白酶活性随胁迫时间延长递增，蛋白质和叶绿素含量递减。在－１．０ＭＰａＰＥＧ溶液中加入２ｍｍｏｌ／ＬＣｏＣｌ２处理可以抑制乙烯的产生及蛋白酶的活性，对蛋白质和叶绿素起到保护作用。同时还观察到，渗透胁迫过程中乙烯的产生速率与叶片的衰老过程具有正相关性，加入Ｃｏ２＋能一定程度的减轻渗透胁迫造成的伤害。