芍药采后贮藏生理研究

该文对芍药两个耐贮藏性不同的品种，在低温干燥贮藏过程中水分、乙烯、呼吸速率及呼吸途径等生理变化进行测定．结果表明，贮藏过程中花枝水分状况与切花寿命相关，没有发现呼吸、乙烯与切花寿命关联，呼吸途径变化与水分变化有一定联系     

青椒保鲜剂研究与配制

采用采后生理调节与抑菌防腐相结合的方法,通过单因素筛选,多因素优化组合,研究配制青椒保鲜剂。研究表明,青椒的成熟衰老与乙烯作用关系密切,乙烯合成抑制剂或促衰老类植物生长调节剂可通过青椒的果柄和萼片进入果实内部,可延长青椒的贮藏期和保鲜期。研制的青椒保鲜剂与对照青椒保鲜剂相比,在8～15 ℃贮藏条件下,贮藏25 d、50 d,0级果率分别提高33.1 %、17.9 %,商品果率分别提高4.3 %、6.5 %,腐烂指数分别降低66.7 %、34.0 %;与空白对照相比在8 ℃贮藏2个月,0级果率、商品果率分别提高47.6 %、26.9 %,腐烂指数降低78.7 %。     

水杨酸对NR基因的表达和乙烯信号转导的影响

通过水杨酸与乙烯介导下番茄NR基因的表达、植株生理的变化、幼苗三重反应和幼苗生长表现,探讨了水杨酸对乙烯信号转导的影响。结果表明:水杨酸对野生型番茄植株的影响有双重作用。低浓度对植株有促进生长的作用,使黄化苗下胚轴伸长和维持正常的实生苗叶片细胞膜透性,促进根系的生长;较高浓度(≥100μmol·L~(-1))则促进幼苗表现三重反应,即诱导乙烯的合成,从而诱导NR基因的表达,使植株细胞膜透性增加、植株蒸腾作用和呼吸作用显著降低、气孔关闭(水杨酸处理后24h),最终番茄植株表现出叶片黄化等症状。乙烯不敏感型NR突变体番茄植株在高浓度处理时无外部受害症状,细胞中NR基因的表达被显著地抑制。可见抑制番茄NR基因的表达,增强了植株的抗性。     

CoCl2对Na2CO3胁迫下苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜的保护作用

本研究报道了CoCl2对Na2CO3胁迫下苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜的保护作用及机制,研究结果表明,在120mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫的前期,苜蓿幼苗叶片多胺含量及抗氧化酶活性显著升高,过氧化物酶除外,而活性氧水平、脂质过氧化程度和细胞膜相对透性无显著变化;当120 mmol/L Na2CO3胁迫延长至24~28 d时,乙烯产生速率大幅度上升,多胺氧化酶及二胺氧化酶活性显著升高,精胺、亚精胺和腐胺含量显著下降;抗氧化酶活性显著下降,活性氧水平与脂质过氧化程度显著提高,细胞膜稳定指数大幅度下降。在120 mmol/L Na2CO3溶液中加入CoCl2至50μmol/L,在胁迫的整个过程中乙烯产生被显著抑制,同时相对提高了抗氧化酶的活性,并在胁迫后期显著减轻了多胺氧化酶活性升高、多胺含量下降及脂质过氧化程度的增加,减缓了细胞膜稳定指数的下降,从而对Na2CO3胁迫下苜蓿幼苗叶片细胞膜表现出一定的保护作用。     

外源NO对花楸树胚胎萌发和幼苗发育初期活性氧积累的影响

以花楸树成熟合子胚胎为材料,利用室内培养皿发芽法研究外源NO供体(SNP)、NO合成抑制剂(PTIO)、脱落酸(ABA)以及乙烯受体抑制剂(NBD)对花楸树胚胎萌发和幼苗发育初期活性氧(ROS)积累的影响.结果表明:光照条件下SNP预处理可减弱PTIO或ABA对胚胎萌发的抑制作用,但不能减弱NBD处理对胚胎萌发的抑制作用.SNP预处理显著增加幼苗叶片中叶绿素含量,但这种增加效应不能被PTIO解除.PTIO抑制SNP预处理引起的幼苗叶片中过氧化氢(H2O2)含量和超氧阴离子含量的增加.SNP预处理解除PTIO对根部超氧阴离子含量的抑制作用.研究结果为阐明胚胎萌发过程中反应氮调节的(NO依赖型)休眠解除和ROS积累的关系奠定基础.     

苎麻ACC氧化酶基因（BnACO1）的克隆及表达

【目的】克隆苎麻中的一个ACO基因（BnACO1）,并对其进行生物信息学分析、表达分析、胁迫应答分析。【方法】通过RT-PCR结合RACE技术从湘苎3号中克隆该基因的全长cDNA序列,利用生物信息学软件对获得的基因序列及编码的蛋白质序列进行分析。利用实时荧光定量PCR分析BnACO1在苎麻不同部位的表达量以及在ABA、干旱和高盐胁迫下的应答。【结果】BnACO1的cDNA序列全长为1 476 bp,其开放阅读框为981 bp,编码326个氨基酸多肽,预测其分子量和等电点分别为36.81 kD和4.95,基因登录号为JX878855。与无花果（AB307720）、香叶天竺葵（U19856）、柿树（AB073009）、梨（JN807390）、猕猴桃（HQ293208）的ACO基因核苷酸序列相似性分别为83%、81%、79%、79%和79%,氨基酸序列的相似性分别为87%、80%、80%、78%和83%。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明苎麻BnACO1在苎麻根、茎、茎尖、叶片、雌花和雄花中均有表达,其中,在雄花中表达最高,在根、茎中表达最低,且该基因受ABA、干旱和NaCl胁迫诱导表达。【结论】获得的BnACO1是ACO家族成员之一,参与ABA、干旱、NaCl胁迫应答,该基因可能在苎麻性别分化中起到一定作用并且在调控苎麻生长发育和应对环境胁迫时具有独特的表达模式。     

Ethylene

Abstract

Ethylene is a simple gaseous hormone that is involved in many aspects of plant growth and development. Two physiological responses that are commonly controlled by ethylene, fruit ripening and flower senescence, have been given the most significant attention in terms of crop improvement using the tools of modern plant molecular biology and biotechnology. Fortunately, the wealth of research on ethylene biosynthesis and signaling pathway has been providing tools for the genetic control of ethylene effects. Today, manipulation of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling is one of the most promising approaches to improve crops through genetic engineering. In this review we will discuss current status and future directions of transgenic techniques to control ethylene effects with a primary focus on flower senescence.     

自发气调（MA）结合高效乙烯去除剂对黑宝石李贮藏效果的研究

以黑宝石李为试材,研究MA（0．03mm厚PVC保鲜袋包装）结合高效乙烯去除剂对0-1℃条件下黑宝石李果实贮藏效果的影响。结果表明,MA结合高效乙烯去除剂处理的贮藏效果好于单纯MA处理和0．02mm厚PE打孔袋包装处理,贮藏92d时好果率〉90％,果实硬度〉6kg·cm-2,果肉黄绿色,无明显冷害症状,果实失重率〈1．0％,袋内的乙烯浓度〈O．1μL·L-1,O2浓度为9．84％,C02浓度为5．17％,接近黑宝石李标准气调要求的气体指标。     

Morphological characterisation and agronomic evaluation of transgenic broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) containing an antisense ACC oxidase gene

Morphological characterisation and agronomic evaluation was conducted on 12 transgenic broccolilines containing a tomato antisense1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) oxidase gene. Plants of three cultivars: Shogun (Sh), Green Beauty (Gy) and Dominator (D), were regenerated from hairy root cultures after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4T harbouring the binary vector pLN35. The T-DNA of pLN35 contains genes encoding a tomato antisense ACC oxidase gene (35S-ACC-5′7′) and a neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (NOS-NPTII-NOS) for kanamycin resistance. The transgenic plants were transferred to a greenhouse and fertile plants obtained. Integration of the foreign DNA into the broccoli genome was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction and Southern analyses. Transgenic plants showed evidence of hairy root (HR)-induced morphological changes to varying degrees. Of the 12 characterised transgenic lines, three lines(Gy/7, D/1 and D/2) performed within the limits of acceptability for all head quality parameters analysed (size, density, colour, shape and leafiness). The ethylene production from stalks of four field-grown transgenic lines of Green Beauty broccoli showed significant reductions in activity relative to the control 98 h after harvest. The Dominator transgenic lines D/1 and D/2 showed significant improvements in head colour relative to the control from 48 h after harvest. These results are consistent with the ethylene production patterns determined previously for these lines. The head colour results are consistent with previous results suggesting that two enzyme systems may be involved in broccoli senescence, giving two bursts of ethylene production, with only the second burst inhibited by the antisense ACC oxidase gene used. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.