柑橘炭疽病高效杀菌剂的筛选及抗药性菌株的发现

采用生长速率法,用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂(WP)、80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂(WP)、10%苯醚甲环唑水分散剂(WG)、45%咪鲜胺水乳剂(EW)和25%嘧菌酯悬浮剂(FW)5种杀菌剂对来自广东不同地区和不同柑橘品种的10个柑橘炭疽病菌菌株进行了毒力测定.结果表明,咪鲜胺对柑橘炭疽病菌具有最好的抑制效果,其次是苯醚甲环唑;所有供试菌株对嘧菌酯和代森锰锌都具有一定程度的抗药性;不同地区的菌株对多菌灵的敏感性存在明显的差异,其中菌株CCMZ035、CCMZ004、CCST003和CCST026对多菌灵表现出很强的耐药性(抗药性).因此,咪鲜胺和苯醚甲环唑可作为防治柑橘炭疽病的首选药剂.     

柑橘砧木评价及应用研究进展

 优良砧木的选用是柑橘优质丰产的基础。总结了多年来对柑橘砧木在抗生物逆境（柑橘衰退病、裂皮病、流胶病、黄龙病、根结线虫）、耐非生物逆境（耐盐、耐缺素、耐旱、抗寒）等方面的评价以及砧木对接穗生长势、果实品质和产量的影响、砧木与接穗的亲和性等方面的研究进展。     

广佛手不同成熟期果实挥发性物质含量分析

以广佛手不同成熟期的鲜果为材料,采用顶空固相萃取及GC-MS法,分析其挥发性物质含量成分及变化.结果表明:从花后160～200 d的5个成熟期共鉴定出25种成分,各成熟期成分的种类、数量基本相同.挥发性物质成分以烯类为主,占含量的96％以上,其中又以柠檬烯和松油烯为主,分别占含量的44％和27％以上.这些主要成分的含量之和先上升后下降,在花后180 d达最高值,说明花后180 d应为佛手采收最佳期.     

福建省柑橘黄龙病防治影响因素的实证分析

基于柑橘黄龙病生物学特性和防控方式的基础上,对福建省橘农的柑橘黄龙病防治行为及其影响因素进行问卷调查。采用列联表分析和Logistic回归分析法,分析了影响柑橘黄龙病防治的显著性影响因素。研究表明,橘园数量、是否加入柑橘合作组织、是否有商贩上门收购、是否有防治咨询服务为影响福建省橘农防治柑橘黄龙病的显著影响因素。     

Mobility of Iron and Manganese within Two Citrus Genotypes after Foliar Applications of Iron Sulfate and Manganese Sulfate

Seedlings of sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) and Carrizo citrange (C. sinensis L. cv. Washington navel x Poncirus trifoliata)] were grown in plastic pots containing a sand: perlite mixture and watered with a modified Hoagland No 2 nutrient solution throughout the experiment. Three-months-old plants were divided in three groups and sprayed with 0.018 M iron sulfate (FeSO₄ ^.7H₂O), 0.018 M manganese sulfate (MnSO₄ ^.H₂O), or deionized water. Two months later, plants were harvested and divided into top leaves that grown after the treatments, basal leaves that existed prior to the treatments, stems that partially came in contact with the spray, and roots. The manganese (Mn) spray resulted in a significant increase of Mn concentrations in top leaves, basal leaves, stems and roots of sour orange, and in top leaves, basal leaves, and stems of Carrizo citrange. The iron (Fe) spray significantly increased the concentrations of Fe in the stems and basal leaves of both genotypes. For both genotypes, transport of Mn from basal (sprayed) leaves to top (unsprayed) ones was found. However, the results of this experiment did not give any evidence neither for Mn translocation from sprayed tissues to roots nor for Fe transport from sprayed tissues to unsprayed ones (top leaves, roots). Mn and Fe were found to be relatively mobile and strictly immobile nutrients, respectively, within citrus plants after their foliar application as sulfate salts.     

Pre-Harvest Rind-Spotting in ‘Clementine’ Mandarin

A severe physiological disorder of ‘Clementine’ mandarins in the Assini area of Argolis, Southestern Greece, was investigated for two successive years. Irregular-shaped necrotic spots were observed on the rinds of mandarins, mainly at the fruit stylar-ends, from the color break till harvest time. In order to investigate the possible correlation between the disorder and the inorganic nutrition of the fruit, spotted and symptomless mandarin rinds, in four commercial orchards were chemically analyzed. The relationship between fruit inorganic nutrition and the disorder symptoms were not consistent. Using Electron Scanning Microscopy, invisible cracks were observed at the cuticle and the external strata of the spotted rind whereas oil glands remained intact. Considering the results of chemical analyses, microscopic observations, as well as, the information given by the growers, this physiological disorder should be attributed to sudden changes of climatic conditions and not to nutritional imbalance.     

便携式柑橘虫害实时检测系统的研制与试验

为实现柑橘虫害的快速、准确识别,帮助果农及时掌握果园内虫害的危害程度和分布情况,该研究结合嵌入式图像处理技术设计了一套基于深度卷积神经网络的柑橘虫害实时检测系统。优选MoblieNet作为虫害图像特征提取网络,区域候选网络生成害虫的初步位置候选框,快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster Region Convolutional Neural Networks,Faster R-CNN)实现候选框的分类和定位。检测系统根据目标图像中虫害数量计算危害程度,按照正常、轻度、中度、重度4个等级判定柑橘虫害的严重程度,形成虫害识别与级别定量化测评软件。最后引入北斗模块获取采样点位置信息,进一步处理成可视化的虫害热力图。结果表明,该方法可实现对柑橘红蜘蛛和蚜虫的快速准确检测,识别准确率分别达到91.0%和89.0%,单帧图像平均处理速度低至286ms。该系统实现了柑橘虫害的精准识别与定位,可为农药喷洒作业提供精准信息服务。     

柑橘矢尖蚧发生期预测回归方程研究

矢尖蚧是危害柑橘生产的重要害虫之一,搞好测报可以指导适时防治。笔者在重庆市北碚区柑橘园对矢尖蚧进行多年系统监测,结果表明,矢尖蚧在该地一年发生3代,世代重叠,第1代发生较为整齐,便于统一防治。因此,以2012年-2018年该虫发生前3个月的气象资料和矢尖蚧发生的田间历史数据为依据,应用DPS软件,分别采用简单法和多因子互作法进行逐步回归,建立了春季矢尖蚧第1代发生期的预测回归方程。两个方程总体回归达显著水平或极显著水平,两种方法建立的回归方程证明:第1代发生高峰期与发生前3个月的温度、湿度、雨日和降雨量等气象资料均有关系。将2019年数据用来进行检验,结果表明两个回归方程结论均为“比较准确”,均能比较准确地预测出该地矢尖蚧的发生高峰期。     

重庆江津区柑橘地土壤大孔隙特征

以重庆市江津区不同柑橘地为研究对象,采用土壤坡面染色法标记大孔隙、利用土壤水分穿透曲线方法及Poiseulle方程分析其土壤大孔隙特征。结果表明:染色区较非染色区有更大的稳定出流速率,大孔隙使染色区的水分渗透速率较非染色区提高了1.48倍以上,随着土层深度增加,其提高程度有增大的趋势。虽然染色区较非染色区更利于水分或溶液传导,但相比非染色区,染色区水分渗透曲线的波动更大。柑橘地大孔隙孔径范围在0.3～1.7mm之间,0.3～0.7mm孔径数量虽然为104数量级,但对染色溶液优先迁移的作用较弱;实际影响染色溶液迁移的为半径大于0.7mm的土壤大孔隙;20年林龄柑橘地10-20cm土层有效大孔隙数量高于10年林龄柑橘地。半径大于1.0mm的大孔隙在水分输入初期起到迅速排导水分的作用。柑橘地土壤大孔隙率在1.5%～19.5%之间,与稳定出流速率呈极显著正相关关系,决定了稳定出流速率71.9%的变异;半径大于0.7mm的大孔隙数量与稳定出流速率呈极显著正相关关系,决定了稳定出流速率90.9%的变异。     

柑橘花期蓟马的种类与鉴定

为明确柑橘花期蓟马种类,以柑橘园为实验基地,系统调查橘园中蓟马的种类。经形态学鉴定共发现3种蓟马,且3种蓟马的形态分别与棕榈蓟马（Thrips palmi Karny）、淡色蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）和华简管蓟马（Haplothris chinesis Pfiesner）极其相似。对3种蓟马分别进行单头虫体的基因组DNA提取,对其ITS2基因序列进行PCR扩增并测序,测序结果登入NCBI数据进行比对,结果表明3种蓟马分别与棕榈蓟马（Thrips palmi Kamy）、淡色蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）和华简管蓟马（Haplothris chinesis Priesner）的相似度均达99％。