云南石榴蓟马种类组成及其种群动态

2007-2008年对云南甜石榴和酸石榴两种石榴上蓟马种类及其种群动态进行了系统调查、标本采集、种类鉴定。结果表明,为害石榴的蓟马有10种,分别为西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、丽花蓟马(F.intonsa)、黄蓟马(Thripsflavus)、黄胸蓟马(T.hawaiiensis)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、烟蓟马(T.tabaci)、茶黄硬蓟马(Scirto-thrips dorsalis)、端大蓟马(Megalurothrips distalis)、华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis)和Thripssp.,其中西花蓟马是云南石榴蓟马的优势种。不同石榴品种上蓟马种类不同,甜石榴上有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、黄胸蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马和蓟马属1种,酸石榴上蓟马种类有西花蓟马、丽花蓟马、黄蓟马、棕榈蓟马、烟蓟马、端大蓟马、茶黄硬蓟马、华简管蓟马和蓟马属1种,黄胸蓟马仅在甜石榴上发生为害。在石榴不同生育时期,发生为害不同,其中成虫和若虫集中为害花,造成麻点特征。     

10.2%阿维·三唑磷微乳剂防治瓜亮蓟马药效初探

瓜亮蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）属缨翅目,蓟马科。别名菜田黄蓟马、棉蓟马、忍冬蓟马,是瓜类、茄果类和豆类蔬菜上的主要害虫之一,分布河南、江苏、安徽、湖北、四川、台湾及长江以南各省。它以成、若虫刺吸植株幼嫩叶片、果实汁液,严重影响蔬菜产量和品质。     

葡萄上蓟马种类与发生规律

为了明确为害葡萄的主要蓟马种类与发生规律,为今后葡萄生产中防治该虫提供参考,本研究选取广西桂林、柳州、罗城和南宁等主要葡萄种植区代表点,于2013-2014年对葡萄上蓟马发生种类和规律进行了连续调查研究。结果表明在广西葡萄上共有7种蓟马,隶属于锯尾亚目(Terebrantia)蓟马科(Thripidae)2属6种和管尾亚目(Tubulifera)管蓟马科(Phlaeothripidae)1属1种。其中在桂林,柳州和南宁鲜食葡萄上优势种为黄胸蓟马[Thrips hawaiiensis(Morgan)]和杜鹃蓟马(Thrips andrewsi Bagnall),罗城毛葡萄上为华简管蓟马(Haplothrips chinensis Priesner)。在这7种蓟马中,茶黄硬蓟马(Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood)在葡萄嫩梢叶上终年可见,其他种类蓟马仅在葡萄花期为害,花期过后很难见到。葡萄上蓟马种类和发生规律的调查研究为今后该类害虫研究和综合防治措施的制定奠定了基础。     

云南德宏柠檬花期蓟马种类调查及药剂防治

蓟马在柠檬开花初期、盛花期和末花期均可对柠檬花造成严重危害.本研究进行了德宏柠檬花期蓟马为害观察、标本采集、种类鉴定,以及大田防治药剂的筛选试验.结果表明,为害柠檬花的蓟马有9种,分别为黄胸蓟马(Thrips hawaiiensis)、杜鹃蓟马(T.andrewsi)、色蓟马(T.coloratus)、棕榈蓟马(T.palmi)、黄蓟马(T.flavus)、西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)、花蓟马(F.intonsa)、端大蓟马(Megalurothri ps distalis)和蓟马属一种(Thrips sp.),其中以黄胸蓟马为柠檬花期蓟马的优势种.供试的7种药剂中,以25％噻虫嗪水分散粒剂3 500倍液、24％灭多威水剂2 000倍液和20％丁硫克百威乳油1 000倍液的防治效果较好,其施药后3d的虫口减退率分别为93.07％、90.90％和81.57％,校正防效分别为95.36％、93.91％和87.64％;施药后5d的虫口减退率分别为97.90％、95.32％和92.75％,校正防效分别为98.75％、97.21％和95.68％.药剂筛选试验为柠檬花期蓟马的大田防治提供了重要的参考.     

避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生动态及常用杀虫剂对优势种的毒力测定

为明确避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马种类?发生动态及常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马的毒力, 本研究采集鉴定了避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马成虫1 882头, 选用黄色和蓝色2种粘虫板监测了葡萄以及两种诱集植物黄金菊Euryops pectinatus和蓝花鼠尾草Salvia farinacea上蓟马发生动态, 并采用菜豆浸渍饲喂法测定了6种常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi?黄蓟马Thrips flavus和西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的室内毒力?结果表明, 在避雨栽培葡萄上共采集到隶属于2科4属的10种蓟马, 其中棕榈蓟马(35.97%)?黄蓟马(29.22%)和西花蓟马(24.50%)为优势种蓟马?根据四分位法得到避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生高峰在8月下旬至9月中下旬, 在发生早期和主要发生期葡萄树上部蓟马发生量显著高于下部?两种诱集植物均对避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马有一定的诱集作用, 且在各个发生期黄金菊的诱集效果显著高于蓝花鼠尾草?6种杀虫剂对棕榈蓟马的毒力作用依次为:啶虫脒>阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对黄蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>啶虫脒>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对西花蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>啶虫脒>氟啶虫胺腈>吡虫啉>高效氟氯氰菊酯?上述结果表明, 为害避雨栽培葡萄的蓟马主要为棕榈蓟马?黄蓟马和西花蓟马, 推荐使用啶虫脒?阿维菌素和噻虫嗪进行防治?同时, 可在葡萄园周围种植黄金菊和蓝花鼠尾草作为诱集植物诱集后施药防治?     

基于捕食功能反应评价麦蛾卵饲养东亚小花蝽对棕榈蓟马的控害效果

正棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi为害多种蔬菜,造成严重的经济损失(张安盛等,2014)。东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri是一种可有效防治蓟马等多种小型农林害虫的天敌昆虫(朱亮等,2015)。为降低成本,多种鳞翅目昆虫卵被用作小花蝽产业化繁育的替代饲料(Kawamoto et al.,1999)。本课题组已成功利用麦蛾Sitotroga cerealella卵规模化饲养东亚小花蝽;杨     

棕榈蓟马

1 寄主棕榈蓟马 Thrips palmi Kamy 是一种多食性害虫。已记载的寄主有:烟草、芝麻、豇豆、西瓜、豌豆、黄瓜、香胡椒、甜瓜、棉花、葫芦、茄子、菊花、马铃薯、蚕豆、仙客来属植物、兰花。2 地理分布1925年在印度尼西亚首次记载,几年     

两种自然变温刺激对棕榈蓟马种群生命表参数及抗药性的影响

为明确高温对棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi种群生长发育及其种群抗药性的影响,利用年龄-龄期两性生命表方法,比较了15～25℃(室内)和14～45℃(室外)变温刺激后棕榈蓟马的生命表参数,并采用微虫笼法测定了这2种自然变温饲养条件下棕榈蓟马种群对阿维菌素和噻虫嗪2种杀虫剂的敏感性。结果表明,14～45℃变温刺激后的室外棕榈蓟马种群发育速度较15～25℃变温刺激后的室内棕榈蓟马种群显著加快,前者平均世代周期为14.33 d,后者为19.09 d;14～45℃变温刺激后的室外棕榈蓟马种群净生殖率和内禀增长率分别为26.83和0.21,均显著低于15～25℃变温刺激后的室内棕榈蓟马种群的79.33和0.23;14～45℃变温刺激后的室外棕榈蓟马种群单雌产卵量为46.01粒,也显著低于15～25℃变温刺激后的室内棕榈蓟马种群的135.98粒;14～45℃变温刺激下,室外棕榈蓟马种群雌成虫和2龄若虫对2种杀虫剂的抗药性显著提高,且雌成虫比2龄若虫的抗药性强。表明波动高温刺激不仅抑制了棕榈蓟马的种群发展,也提高了种群对常规药剂阿维菌素和噻虫嗪的抗性。     

辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类与时间生态位

为明确辣椒田蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫种类和发生规律?于2019年和2020年对昆明市盘龙区辣椒田的蓟马及主要捕食性天敌昆虫的种类及种群数量进行了调查, 并进行了时间生态位分析?结果表明, 辣椒田蓟马种类共有10种, 优势种为西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis?黄蓟马Thrips flavus?八节黄蓟马T. flavidulus和花蓟马F. intonsa, 其中西花蓟马的优势度最高, 两年分别为0.593和0.551; 主要捕食性天敌昆虫有南方小花蝽Orius similis?二叉小花蝽O. bifilarus和异色瓢虫Harmonia axyridis, 其中南方小花蝽优势度最高, 两年分别为0.759和0.728?两年中, 西花蓟马的种群数量随时间变化波动幅度最大, 在7月中上旬数量最高值两年分别为66.5头/m2和61.5头/m2, 而捕食性天敌昆虫活动高峰时间滞后于蓟马?2019年黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.80; 2020年八节黄蓟马时间生态位宽度最高, 为0.87?黄蓟马和八节黄蓟马同其他优势种蓟马的生态位重叠指数高, 两种蓟马在时间序列上活动情况相似?3种捕食性天敌的时间生态位宽度和生态位重叠指数相近, 在辣椒田存在一定的竞争作用?辣椒田蓟马发生量大且种类呈现多样性, 其中西花蓟马种群数量较高, 应着重对其进行防治?南方小花蝽?二叉小花蝽?异色瓢虫是控制辣椒蓟马的主要捕食性天敌昆虫, 在辣椒花期前以及各种农事操作时尽可能保护其种群数量, 增强天敌对蓟马的自然控害功能?     

节瓜蓟马的新天敌——中华微刺盲蝽

首次发现中华微刺盲蝽Campylomma chinensis Schwh捕食节瓜蓟马Thrips palmi Karny且对田间节瓜蓟马种群数量的减少起重要作用。本文研究了该虫的形态特征、捕食过程和取食范围。结果表明中华微刺盲蝽为多食性昆虫，能取食多种小型昆虫及多种昆虫的卵：在田间，中华微刺盲蝽与节瓜蓟马数量的跟随现象明显；通过释入盲蝽，能使节瓜蓟马种群数量减少。     

蓟马信息素及在防治中的应用

蓟马是缨翅目昆虫的统称，虫体微小，多数为植食性，以锉吸式口器刺吸植物为害。蓟马繁殖力强，世代重叠严重，暴发频次高，是重要的农林害虫类群之一。蓟马为害行为和其信息素以及相关的嗅觉行为密切相关。本文分别从蓟马信息素的种类、触角的感受机制及信息素在防治中的应用等几个方面进行了综述，并对蓟马综合防治的应用前景进行了展望，以期在蓟马的综合防治中提供理论依据与指导。     

Studies on the mechanism of transmission of pollen-associated tobacco streak ilarvirus virus by Thrips tabaci

Mixed instars of Thrips tabaci were allowed to feed on test seedlings of cucumber, the thrips were removed and wounds caused by thrips feeding dusted with tobacco streak virus (TSV) carried in tomato pollen. Transmission of TSV occurred in three out of the four experiments conducted. When Chenopodium amaranticolor test seedlings were dusted with infective tomato pollen, and thrips introduced for varying periods before being killed with insecticide, TSV transmission occurred after exposure to thrips for 1 h, 5 h, 1 day or 2 days, but not 5 min. Pollen-washing experiments indicated that TSV was carried both internally and externally in pollen of tomato and several weed hosts. T. tabaci was able to transmit TSV from pollen of Nicotiana clevelandii and Nicandra physalodes , and TSV from tomato pollen was transmitted to several weed species. It is concluded that T. tabaci transmits TSV associated with tomato pollen by a mechanical mechanism whereby virus carried externally, or released from inside the pollen, infects feeding wounds.     

Incidence of weed reservoirs and vectors of tomato spotted wilt tospovirus on southern Tasmanian lettuce farms

Thrips species and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) alternate weed hosts were surveyed on two lettuce farms in southern Tasmania during 1994 and 1995. Only one known vector species, Thrips tabaci, was found at either site, comprising on average 36.8% of the total monthly catch. A major peak of thrips activity in the summer corresponded with an increase of disease in autumn harvested lettuce. Two thrips species new for Tasmania were recorded, Pseudanaphothrips achaetus and Tenothrips frici . Infection patterns within the crop indicated that localized weed infestations were the most likely reservoir of virus. ELISA testing showed that TSWV was present in a range of dicotyledonous weed species, although usually infecting only a low percentage of the plants. Arctotheca calendula appeared to be the single most important reservoir host species at one property, whilst this species and Sonchus oleraceus, Malva sylvestris, Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris, Erodium moschatum and Trifolium sp. were probably the most important reservoirs at the other property. Two new natural TSWV host species were recorded, Erodium moschatum and Brassica rapa ssp. silvestris . The property with the highest incidence of TSWV-infected lettuce had a relatively higher proportion of virus-infected weeds but less thrips activity during the infection period.     

Transmission of tobacco streak virus by Thrips tabach a new method of plant virus transmission

When adults or nymphs of Thrips tabaci were mixed with virus-carrying pollen from Lycopersicon esculentum infected with tobacco streak virus and then placed on Chenopodium amaranticolor test seedlings, the virus was regularly transmitted. The virus was also regularly transmitted when virus-carrying pollen was placed on the leaves of C amaranticolor test seedlings and the thrips then introduced. No transmission occurred when test seedlings were exposed to virus-carrying pollen in the absence of the thrips or to the thrips without pollen. Further, no transmission occurred when the thrips were fed on virus-infected leaves and then transferred to test seedlings in the absence of virus-carrying pollen. The evidence indicates that the transmission of tobacco streak virus by Thrips tabaci depends on the presence of pollen-borne virus, which presumably infects via wounds made by the thrips. This method of virus transmission has not previously been reported.     

Real‐time PCR assay for the identification of Thrips palmi*

Since Thrips palmi became a regulated pest for most European countries, inspections at points of entry into Europe and monitoring in Europe have intensified not only for T. palmi but also for thrips as a whole. Morphological identification of thrips is performed on adults and to a lesser extent on second‐stage larvae only, because no adequate identification keys for the separation of species based on the characteristics of eggs, first‐stage larvae, pre‐pupae or pupae are available. We have developed a real‐time PCR assay based on TaqMan. A T. palmi‐specific set of primers and probe were selected within the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. The specificity of the assay was assessed using 15 specimens of Thrips palmi and 61 specimens of 23 other thrips species commonly occuring in Europe. All T. palmi specimens were detected, and no cross reactions with other thrips were observed. The method was tested on single larvae and adults and proved to be applicable for both those stages of T. palmi.     

一种用于显微观察的蓟马标本的制片新方法(英文)

蓟马(昆虫纲:缨翅目)是昆虫纲中有重要经济意义的目之一,由于个体微小,因此需要制作成高质量的玻片在高倍显微镜下观察和研究。如果玻片标本质量欠佳,常常导致无法鉴定其种类。不同的研究中处理蓟马标本的技术和方法各异。本文介绍一种新的制片方法,这一方法需要更少的化学药品,且适合处理深颜色的标本。而且,用这个方法处理的标本清晰,保持其自然体色,这些特征在鉴定种类时是十分必要的。本方法处理标本包括4个步骤:氢氧化钾透明(一般5% ～10%KOH溶液中,常温放置1 ～2 d或者100°C水浴加热1 ～2 h,处置时间随材料大小和颜色的深浅有所变化)、纯酒精脱水(材料透明后转移到纯酒精中浸泡4 ～5 min)、Hoyer s介质装片(滴一滴Hoyer s介质于载玻片中央,而后将脱水后的材料转移至介质中,用细拨针小心整翅、足以及触角的姿态,盖上盖玻片)和干燥贴标签(装片后放置在35 ～45°C烘箱中2 ～3 d或者室温下放置1星期,然后将采集信息、寄主信息以及鉴定表格制成标签,贴于玻片两侧),与其它制片方法相比,此法最简洁。文末对不同的制片方法作了比较和讨论。