避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生动态及常用杀虫剂对优势种的毒力测定

为明确避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马种类?发生动态及常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马的毒力, 本研究采集鉴定了避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马成虫1 882头, 选用黄色和蓝色2种粘虫板监测了葡萄以及两种诱集植物黄金菊Euryops pectinatus和蓝花鼠尾草Salvia farinacea上蓟马发生动态, 并采用菜豆浸渍饲喂法测定了6种常用杀虫剂对葡萄上优势种蓟马棕榈蓟马Thrips palmi?黄蓟马Thrips flavus和西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的室内毒力?结果表明, 在避雨栽培葡萄上共采集到隶属于2科4属的10种蓟马, 其中棕榈蓟马(35.97%)?黄蓟马(29.22%)和西花蓟马(24.50%)为优势种蓟马?根据四分位法得到避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马发生高峰在8月下旬至9月中下旬, 在发生早期和主要发生期葡萄树上部蓟马发生量显著高于下部?两种诱集植物均对避雨栽培葡萄上蓟马有一定的诱集作用, 且在各个发生期黄金菊的诱集效果显著高于蓝花鼠尾草?6种杀虫剂对棕榈蓟马的毒力作用依次为:啶虫脒>阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对黄蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>啶虫脒>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>氟啶虫胺腈>高效氟氯氰菊酯; 对西花蓟马的毒力作用依次为:阿维菌素>噻虫嗪>啶虫脒>氟啶虫胺腈>吡虫啉>高效氟氯氰菊酯?上述结果表明, 为害避雨栽培葡萄的蓟马主要为棕榈蓟马?黄蓟马和西花蓟马, 推荐使用啶虫脒?阿维菌素和噻虫嗪进行防治?同时, 可在葡萄园周围种植黄金菊和蓝花鼠尾草作为诱集植物诱集后施药防治?

Dynamics of thrips on grapes in rain-shelter cultivation greenhouse and toxicity of commonly used insecticides against dominant thrip species

In order to clarify the species and dynamics of thrips on rain-shelter cultivated (RSC) grapes and the toxicity of commonly used insecticides to dominant species thrips, totally 1882 thrips adult individuals on RSC grapes were collected and identified, and yellow and blue sticky boards were used to monitor the dynamics of thrips on RSC grapes and two trap plants Euryops pectinatus and Salvia farinacea, meanwhile, indoor toxicity of six commonly used insecticides on dominant thrips species were tested by bean dipping feeding method. The results showed that totally 10 thrips species belonging to four genera and two families were collected on RSC grapes, among which Thrips palmi (35.97%), T.flavus (29.22%) and Frankliniella occidentalis (24.50%) were the dominant species. The occurrence peak period of thrips on RSC grapes lasted from late August to mid-late September, and the number of thrips in the upper part of grape plant was significantly higher than that on the lower part in the early and main occurrence stages according to the quartile method. The two trap plants had a certain trapping effect to thrips, and the trapping effect of E.pectinatus was significantly higher than that of S.farinacea. The toxicity of the six kinds of insecticides to T.palmi were as follows: acetamiprid > abamectin > thiamethoxam > imidacloprid > sulfoxaflor > beta-cyfluthrin; the toxicity to T.flavus were: abamectin > acetamiprid > thiamethoxam > imidacloprid > sulfoxaflor > beta-cyfluthrin; the toxicity to F.occidentalis were: abamectin > thiamethoxam > acetamiprid > sulfoxaflor > imidacloprid > beta-cyfluthrin. In a word, T.palmi, T.flavus, and F.occidentalis were the dominant thrips species on RSC grapes. Acetamiprid, abamectin and thiamethoxam were recommended for controlling thrips on RSC grapes. Meanwhile, E.pectinatus and S.farinacea can be planted around the RSC grapes to control these thrips.