非编码RNA检测技术的研究进展

非编码RNA（non-coding RNA,ncRNA）广泛存在于生物体中,不编码蛋白质,以RNA的形式在许多生命过程中发挥着重要的作用。随着越来越多ncRNA生物学功能的揭示,检测ncRNA在不同生理和病理状态下表达谱的变化,已迅速成为研究的热点。为了将ncRNA更好地应用于农业生产和生物医学研究,笔者对ncRNA最新检测技术的原理与应用进行了综述。     

Landslide densities associated with rainfall,stand age,and topography on forested landscapes,southwestern Washington,USA

Elevated landslide rates in forested landscapes can adversely impact aquatic habitat and water quality and remove and/or degrade soil resources required for forest regeneration. As a result, understanding the associations between management actions, natural factors, and landslide rates is important information needed for land managers. An unusual and powerful storm in early December, 2007, caused record flooding and thousands of landslides across southwest Washington and northwest Oregon, USA, and provided a rare opportunity to examine the effects of both natural factors and forest management practices on landslide density. Landslide inventory data were collected from both aerial photos and systematic field surveys to provide a broad survey database that was used to develop estimates of landslide density and to examine associations between landslide density, precipitation, topography, and forest stand age across a 152,000 ha forested landscape in the Willapa Hills, Washington. We estimated the probability of detecting landslides on aerial photos for six strata defined by forest stand age and a broad range of rainfall intensity, expressed as percent of the 100-year, 24-h, maximum rainfall. Key findings are that landslide detection probability decreased with increasing stand age, but was similar across rainfall intensities. The overall fraction of field-detected landslides that were not detected on 1:12,000-scale aerial photos was 39%. Very few landslides occurred in the 0–100% of 100-year rainfall category, regardless of stand age or slope gradient class. At higher rainfall intensities, significantly higher landslide densities occurred on steep slopes (>70% gradient) compared to lower gradient slopes, as expected. Above ∼150% of 100-year rainfall, the density of landslides was ∼2–3 times larger in the 0–5 and 6–10 year stand age categories than in the 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, and 41+ categories. The effect of stand age was strongest at the highest rainfall intensities. Our results demonstrate that ground-based landslide inventory data are required in order to correct for detection bias from aerial photos, develop reasonable estimates of landslide density across environmental gradients such as rainfall magnitude and topography, and make unbiased interpretations of relationships between forest management associations and landslide occurrence.     

乌鲁木齐地区马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒的检测与序列分析

根据马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒(PSTVd)基因序列设计合成1对引物,对新疆乌鲁木齐地区马铃薯田间感病植株进行一步法RT-PCR检测,扩增出251 bp大小的目标片段,而健康植株无此扩增产物。将目的片段克隆到pGM-T载体上并进行序列测定,构建系统进化树分析各分离物间的分子差异性。结果表明马铃薯纺锤块茎类病毒乌鲁木齐分离物与国内外已报道毒株的核酸序列同源性达93.6%~99.2%。     

胶体金免疫层析法快速诊断犬弓首蛔虫病

[目的]建立了一种能快速诊断犬弓首蛔虫病方法。[方法]以胶体金标SPA和犬弓首蛔虫（Toxocara canis）抗原蛋白制备免疫层析试纸条,并对其灵敏度和特异性进行评价。采用该试纸条和虫检法对200份犬血清样本进行检测,以评价该试纸条对现场材料的检测效果。[结果]组装的犬胶体金免疫层析试纸条的最低检测线为0.20μg/ml,灵敏度很好;与犬的其他寄生虫病的阳性血清进行反应,均成阴性;对200份犬血清样本的阳性检出率为10%,而虫检法的阳性检出率为2%。[结论]胶体金免疫层析法诊断犬弓首蛔虫病具有操作简便、灵敏度高、特异性强的优点,可用于犬弓首蛔虫病的快速检测。     

一个基于视场的AIRS云检测方案

利用GRAPES-3DVAR（全球／区域同化预报系统）对AIRS的6小时扫描视场进行云检测,在Goldbety等的AIRS云检测方案基础上,结合GRAPES系统和AIRS仪器特征,剔除受到云污染的视场,为AIRS资料在三维变分同化系统中的应用奠定基础。     

芦荟中蒽醌化合物的提取和检测及药用价值研究进展

综述了芦荟中蒽醌化合物的提取、检测及药用价值研究进展,重点介绍了芦荟中蒽醌化合物的提取方法。     

镰刀菌毒素DON和NIV研究进展

对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）和雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）的理化性质、污染状况、毒性作用和检测方法进行了综述,以期为同类研究提供参考。     

GC检测鱼体中残留溴氰菊酯农药方法研究

利用数学拟和方法,研究了用气相色谱测定鱼体中的残留溴氰菊酯农药的影响条件并创建了相应的动力学模型。结果表明,石油醚对溴氰菊酯有较好的提取效果,最佳pH值为7.8,最佳温度为25.7℃,提取率可达82.5%。数学模型为：y=61＋18.6e-（x/6.7）;y=-118.2＋199.7e-（x-7.8）/200;y=-6230.6＋6313.1e-（x-25.7）/217800。最佳净化和浓缩方法分别是：弗罗里硅土层析柱进行净化;旋转蒸发仪进行浓缩,最低检出浓度为0.0079mg/kg。同时构建了对溴氰菊酯的提取率同振荡提取时间之间的动力模型和方程：C/C0×100%=87.9-120.5/t。     

自制酯酶对甲胺磷农药残留的快速检测研究

利用猪肝提取酶水解碘化硫代丁酰胆碱后形成的硫代胆碱,与二硫双对硝基苯甲酸发生化学反应测定酶、底物的添加量以及保温温度和保温时间对酶活力的影响,并研究了不同浓度与保温时间的甲胺磷对胆碱酯酶活力的抑制情况。结果表明自制胆碱酯酶对甲胺磷比较敏感,其样品最低检出浓度为2.0mg/kg,适合对蔬菜中高残留农药的快速检测。     

多重荧光PCR检测肠出血性大肠杆菌（VTEC）方法的研究

为寻找一种能广泛应用于食品检验、临床诊断的快速、简便、灵敏度高、特异性较好、价格低廉的肠出血性大肠杆菌（VTEC）的检测方法;对VTEC致病相关基因VT1和VT2基因序列进行分析,并设计2对特异引物,通过SYBR GreenⅠ多重荧光PCR反应法结合熔链曲线分析,实现对VTEC的检测;结果表明该方法具有较高的灵敏度及特异性,能够对肠出血性大肠杆菌（VTEC）进行有效检测,其最低检出限可达10cfu/g。利用该技术检测VTEC,具有快速、方便、准确、高效的特点,是一种适于检验检疫和兽医临床检验等领域的快速检测的有效方法。