禽流感灭活油乳剂疫苗的交叉保护作用

<正>禽流感(AI)是A型流感病毒(AIV)引起的禽类全身性或呼吸器官性传染病,主要侵害鸡、火鸡、鸭和鹅等。我国《家畜家禽防疫条例》和国际兽疫局动物流行病组织(OIE)规定该病为A类烈性传染病。该病的毒型众多、变异性极强、低致病性毒株能在短期内变成高致病性毒株(HPAIV),从而给养禽业带来毁灭性打击。根据禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)和神经氨酸酶(NA)抗原性的变异情况,可以把它区分成很多亚型,目前已分离鉴定的AIV分为16     

2株鸭源 H11N9亚型禽流感病毒的基因遗传进化及致病性分析

为了解从湖南省洞庭湖区鸭群中分离的2株 H11N9亚型禽流感病毒变异特点、进化规律及生物学特性,本研究对2株H11N9亚型禽流感病毒的HA、NA序列进行同源性和遗传进化分析,并用2株毒株对SPF鸡进行致病性试验。结果显示,本试验分离到2株 H11N9亚型禽流感毒株的 HA裂解位点均没有多个连续的碱性氨基酸插入,属于低致病性毒株;HA基因的受体结合位点均非常保守,具有典型的禽源性特征;NA基因序列与在周边国家野鸟中分离的H11N9亚型毒株的氨基酸同源性较高;鼻腔接种SPF鸡后,均能使鸡感染并通过喉头或泄殖腔排毒,但感染的鸡均不表现明显的临床症状,并且不能使同居鸡感染排毒。     

肺炎克雷伯氏菌强毒株的分离鉴定及16-23SrRNAITS序列分析

为确诊疑似仔猪肺炎克雷伯氏菌(K.pneumonia)感染,并研究其病原的致病性、耐药性、16-23SrRNA ITS系统进化特征,本研究从云南因肺炎、腹泻而大量死亡的仔猪中分离到1株革兰氏阴性短粗杆菌,命名为KP14013,对其进行生化鉴定、16SrRNA鉴定,研究其对小白鼠和仔猪的致病性,并对其16-23SrRNA ITS基因进行测序和遗传进化分析。结果显示,KP14013分离株生化特征与肺炎克雷伯氏菌相符,其16SrRNA与GenBank中23株肺炎克雷伯氏菌代表株之间的同源性均为99%,将KP14013鉴定为肺炎克雷伯氏菌。KP14013对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50)为3×101.8 CFU,腹腔注射3×108 CFU可使仔猪100%致死。16-23SrRNA ITS系统进化关系结果表明,KP14013与GenBank中收录的15株肺炎克雷伯氏菌形成进化树的一个分支,属于同一个亚群,它们之间的核苷酸同源性为98.4%~99.2%。本研究证实了肺炎克雷伯氏菌是该起仔猪腹泻大量死亡的病原;KP14013分离株为毒力极强菌株,具有多重耐药性,其16-23SrRNA ITS与GenBank中收录的肺炎克雷伯氏菌代表株之间核苷酸存在差异,可用于肺炎克雷伯氏菌菌株间的鉴别。     

Isolation,Identification and Analysis of Serotype and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic Salmonella from Chickens

To investigate the situations of predominant strain and antibiotic resistance of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Salmonella was pre-enriched and isolated from tissues of clinical suspected chickens, and the Salmonella isolates were identified by biochemical test using ID 32E System for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae of VITEK System ATB Expression, serotypes were determined by slid agglutination test, antibiotic susceptibility was analyzed by ATB VET Susceptibility Test Strip of Enterobacteriaceae antibiotics.The results showed that 34 Salmonella strains were obtained from 310 clinical samples, of which 1 strain belonged to A serogroup, 1 to C2 serogroup, 15 to B serogroup, 14 to D serogroup and 3 to untyped serogroup, and S.typhimurium of B serogroup and S.pullorum of D serogroup were the predominant serotypes.All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, spectinomycine and apramycine, and the resistance rates to chloramphenicol, kanamycine and gentamicine were less than 10%, and the resistance rates to amoxicillin, streptomycine, flumequine, oxolinique, sulfamethizol, tetracycline and nitrofurantoine ranged between 50% and 90%, while the resistance rates to penicilline, oxacilline, fusidique, rifampicine and metronidazole reached to 100%.The results indicated that the serotype distribution of pathogenic Salmonella from chickens exhibited regional characteristics, and S.typhimurium and S.pullorum were the predominant serotypes in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolates was very serious which should be highly concerned.     

Isolation,Identification and Multidrug-resistant Analysis of the New Sequence Type ST989 Strain of Enterococcus faecium

Gram-positive cocci were isolated from half a month diseased lambs with a fatal infection in a sheep farm in Minhe county, Qinghai province.The clinical symptoms observed were drooping, reduced feed intake, emaciated and fever.The infected lambs died several hours after the disease been observed.Necropsy of two dying lambs revealed that for one lamb, the liver was enlarged and capsule of the liver dropped, and other organs had no obvious changes;For the other one, the organs had no obvious changes.After gram staining, gram-positive cocci were observed from all the samples.Partial Tuf gene sequences of these isolates were amplified and sequenced for species identification, BLASTn conparison result revealed that they had the highest sequence similarity with that of Enterococcus faecium (E.faecium) AUS0085 (99.8%), we thus primarily confirmed that these strains belonged to E.faecium.Antimicrobial susceptibility test indicated that these strains could be divided into two classes.Class 1 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins, lincomycin and clindamycin;Susceptible to chloromycetin and vancomycin.Class 2 was resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, rifamycins;Intermediate resistance to erythromycin and roxithromycin;But susceptible to clarithromycin, azithromycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, chloromycetin and vancomycin.Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) based on seven housekeeping genes for E.faecium revealed that E.faecium lby1 strain in class 1 and E.faecium lbg3 strain in class 2 were defined as a new sequence type ST989.Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed the representative strain of these isolates, E.faecium lbg3, was clustered together with E.faecium ST468.The pathogenicity test revealed that E.faecium lby1 and lbg3 strains both had pathogenicity.     

一例猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪伪狂犬病混合感染的实验室诊断

对南充市某猪场的一起疫情进行确诊,采集病死仔猪的病料进行实验室检查。PCR结果显示猪瘟病毒、高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪伪狂犬病毒均为阳性。试验结果表明,该猪场疫情是由CSFV、PRRSV和PRV混合感染所致。     

浅谈乡村羔羊大肠杆菌病诊治

羔羊大肠杆菌病亦称埃希氏大肠杆菌败血病,或称新生羔羊腹泻(Neonatal 周iarrhoea),俗称羔羊白痢.其特征是发生肠炎及败血症,死亡率很高,多见于冬春舍饲时期内.此病发病率达70%以上,如不及时治疗,严重者致死率90%以上.     

鸭鹅常见真菌病的防治

<正>一、水禽曲霉菌病曲霉菌病是水禽的一种常见的真菌病,又名霉菌性肺炎。多种禽类和哺乳动物均可感染。在鸭鹅主要发生于幼龄鸭鹅,多呈急性经过,发病率很高,造成大批死亡。成年鸭鹅多为散发。本病在我国南方较多发生,北方多见于地面育雏的鸭鹅群。(一)病原与流行病学最常见且致病性最强的为烟曲霉菌,其孢子在自然界分布较广泛,常污染垫及饲料(图1)。除此之外,也可能由其它曲霉引起感染,如黄曲霉,黑曲霉,构巢曲霉等。致病性曲霉菌能产生蛋白溶解酶和具有溶血特性的     

禽流感疾病防治疫苗发展现状

高致病性禽流感最近在我周边国家及我国部分地区暴发流行,引致养禽业巨大经济损失,禽流感病毒血清型众多、不同毒株间毒力差异大,而且低致病性毒株能突变为高致病性毒株,给其防制带来了巨大困难。目前,与其他病毒性疾病相同,禽流感的防制尚无特别有效的方法,接种疫苗是预防禽流感发生与传播的最有效手段。随着禽流感病毒多种亚型的发现,以及基础免疫学理论、分子生物学及生物技术的发展,科研人员已研发出了针对禽流感的数种疫苗。除了应用较为普遍的全病毒灭活疫苗外,对多种新型疫苗的研发也有了较大的进展。     

欧美杨枯萎病症状和病原初探

通过对欧美杨枯萎病野外林间症状的调查 ,发现本病在林间存在两种症状类型。按两种症状类型分别作分离 ,一种类型多数只分离到FusariunOxysporum ,而另一种症状类型多数同时分离到FusariunOxysporum和XanthomonasPopuli,用分离物作接种试验 ,能致病 ,再分离与接种物一致。初步表明 ,F Oxysporum和X Populi都是杨树枯萎病的病原菌 ;对林间两种不同症状类型是否由F Oxysporum单独所致还是由F Oxysporum和X Populi复合侵染致病 ,本文进行了初探