Estimation of yield and dry matter of rapeseed using logistic model under water salinity and deficit irrigation

The inadequacy of most models to simulate crop growth and yield is due to complexity, difficulty to understand, and lack of input data. Therefore, several simple crop growth models are presented to reduce these failures. In this investigation, yield and aboveground dry matter (DM_above) of rapeseed were simulated by two logistic growth models that were based on days after planting (DAP) and growing degree days (GDD) under water salinity and deficit irrigation, in a 2-year experiment. Data of first and second year were used for calibration and validation of the model, respectively. The coefficients of logistic function were determined as a function of irrigation water salinity and sum of applied water and rainfall in spring of the first year. Results indicated that logistic function based on GDD-predicted DM_above during growing season more accurately than logistic function based on DAP. Furthermore, seed yield of rapeseed was estimated based on harvest index with a good accuracy. Therefore, logistic function based on GDD that is based on the cumulative heat units can be used for different weather conditions and planting dates to determine rapeseed DM_above and yield under water salinity and deficit irrigation.     

黄鳍棘鲷标志放流群体的规格适宜性评价

合理选取标志放流鱼的规格是成功监测放流鱼类动态及评估增殖效果的关键步骤。本研究以黄鳍棘鲷为对象,通过2个实验评价标志鱼的适宜规格。实验1对比了4种体长的黄鳍棘鲷(平均体长5、7、11和14 cm)作T型标志后其生长、存活和标志保留情况,并利用逻辑斯蒂回归模型分别分析标志鱼存活率和标志保留率的规格特异性;实验2模拟了不同混合比例下2种体长黄鳍棘鲷标志鱼与不标志鱼的捕捞情况,并利用重抽样方法对捕捞结果作计算机重抽样,分析2种鱼能否充分混合以及标志鱼的规格、比例对捕捞结果的影响。结果显示:(1)7、11和14 cm标志组的特定生长率与对照组无显著差异;(2)标志鱼的存活率随体长的增加而增加(5 cm标志组的鱼在标志后7 d内全部死亡,7、11和14 cm标志组的存活率分别为77.5%、92.5%和100.0%)。标志鱼的存活率与初始体长的逻辑斯蒂回归关系式为P=exp(0.099X-6.900)/[1+exp(0.099X-6.900)];(3)各组的标志保留率较高(7、11和14 cm标志组的标志保留率分别为97.5%、100.0%和100.0%),但与体长无明显关系;(4)模拟捕捞结果与计算机重抽样结果无显著差异,二者均不受鱼体规格的影响,但受标志鱼比例的影响极显著,标志鱼比例越高,其捕获率也越高。综上,建议今后采用T型标志方法开展增殖放流品种(如黄鳍棘鲷)的相关研究时,应综合考虑成本和可接受的误差范围以选择符合研究目的的标志鱼规格,若需标志鱼的存活率高于50.0%,则体长至少为7 cm,高于75.0%则体长至少为8 cm,高于95.0%则体长至少为10 cm。此外,在成本允许的条件下,建议尽可能增加放流鱼类中标志鱼的比例以提高增殖效果评估的代表性,而具体适宜的比例值得深入研究。     

民族地区农户兼业意愿及影响因素分析

【目的】深入考察民族地区农户兼业意愿及影响因素,为民族地区农户兼业政策的制定提供理论依据。【方法】对重庆市石柱县进行实地调查,以问卷、访谈等方式收集数据,并利用Logistic模型分析农户兼业影响因素。【结果】民族地区农户兼业意愿强烈,农户的性别、年龄、文化程度、家庭规模、是否拥有专业技能、小孩能否在父母打工地入学、土地是否容易转租、兼业信息渠道和致富意愿等因素均显著影响农户兼业意愿。【建议】地方政府应加强职业教育培训、完善土地流转制度、统筹城乡发展、建立农户兼业信息网络体系等,以推动民族地区农户兼业发展。     

林木生物质资源集料物流系统及装备配置

林木生物质资源收集及运输过程是典型的物流系统工程,是我国生物质能源开发试验、试点示范和产业化研究的瓶颈问题.概述了林木生物质资源集料物流系统的定义、系统要素、系统模式的建立,给出了林木生物质资源集料物流系统的装备配置.     

生态畜牧业视角下农户经济行为的实证研究——基于甘肃省576个牧户的样本数据

近年来,生态环境的恶化严重困扰着我国社会经济的可持续发展,也影响到畜产品的安全和质量。发展生态畜牧业已成为我国畜牧业发展的必然选择和未来方向。文中基于对生态脆弱地区牧户的实地调查,通过建立计量经济模型,实证分析了牧户对生态畜牧业的认知现状及影响认知的因素。结果表明:牧户对生态畜牧业的认知程度较低,同时,政府对生态畜牧业的宣传情况、政府技术推广情况、政府对疫病和药物残留的监管情况、牧户的专业化程度、牧户使用畜牧良种情况、畜牧业收入占家庭收入比例对牧户的生态畜牧业认知有显著的正向影响。     

农户土地流转意愿及其影响因素实证分析——以吉林省为例

利用吉林省6个市(县)691份农户调查数据,采用Logistic模型,对农户土地流转行为及其影响因素进行实证分析。结果表明:年龄、受教育程度、种植业收入比重、土地流转年限等因素是影响农户土地流转意愿的主要因素,不同因素对农户转入、转出土地行为的影响存在差异。     

一年生云南松苗期生长动态规律研究

基于1a生云南松苗高和地径的定株、定期观测数据,采用Logistic方程对其生长过程进行拟合,根据其中参数分析生长动态规律。结果表明:(1)地径生长符合"S"型曲线,呈现"慢-快-慢"节律;苗高生长符合双"S"型曲线,呈现"慢-快-慢-快-慢"节律。(2)根据生长量变化规律,苗高生长过程可分为出苗期、速生期Ⅰ、过渡期、速生期Ⅱ和生长后期;地径生长过程可分为生长前期、速生期和生长后期。(3)苗高两个速生期为23～34d和89～150d,两个速生点时间为第28天和第120天;地径速生期为141～211d,速生点时间为第176天。(4)苗高、地径的累积生长量均在速生期最大,分别占理论上限值的58.37%和57.85%。(5)苗高、地径的生长表现出异速现象,150d之前苗木主要进行高生长、150d之后则以地径生长为主。     

基于混沌和AES算法的数字图书馆数据加密方案

提出的加密方案是AES算法在数字图书馆中的应用和改进。改进的新算法采用Logistic映射初值作为种子密钥生成混沌序列,对该序列进行域值量化得到二进制密钥流,对其分组作为AES算法的初始密钥,实现了一次一密;通过用动态密码对明文修补,实现密文与明文的长度相同;通过减少加密轮次,降低其时间复杂度,从而使其在数字图书馆数据加密系统中的应用可行。计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性以及密文对密钥的高度敏感性。     

Sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae (light leaf spot) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) leaves inoculated with ascospores or conidia at different temperatures and wetness durations

In controlled environment experiments, sporulation of Pyrenopeziza brassicae was observed on leaves of oilseed rape inoculated with ascospores or conidia at temperatures from 8 to 20°C at all leaf wetness durations from 6 to 72 h, except after 6 h leaf wetness duration at 8°C. The shortest times from inoculation to first observed sporulation ( l ₀), for both ascospore and conidial inoculum, were 11–12 days at 16°C after 48 h wetness duration. For both ascospore and conidial inoculum (48 h wetness duration), the number of conidia produced per cm² leaf area with sporulation was seven to eight times less at 20°C than at 8, 12 or 16°C. Values of Gompertz parameters c (maximum percentage leaf area with sporulation), r (maximum rate of increase in percentage leaf area with sporulation) and l ₃₇ (days from inoculation to 37% of maximum sporulation), estimated by fitting the equation to the observed data, were linearly related to values predicted by inserting temperature and wetness duration treatment values into existing equations. The observed data were fitted better by logistic equations than by Gompertz equations (which overestimated at low temperatures). For both ascospore and conidial inoculum, the latent period derived from the logistic equation (days from inoculation to 50% of maximum sporulation, l ₅₀) of P. brassicae was generally shortest at 16°C, and increased as temperature increased to 20°C or decreased to 8°C. Minimum numbers of spores needed to produce sporulation on leaves were ≈25 ascospores per leaf and ≈700 conidia per leaf, at 16°C after 48 h leaf wetness duration.     

Growth of the mycoparasitic fungus Verticillium biguttatum from different geographical origins at near-minimum temperatures

Sclerotia ofRhizoctonia solani collected from potato tubers from different countries were assayed for the presence of mycoparasites. Among the mycoparasites observedVerticillium biguttatum predominated. Its geographical distribution was not restricted to certain latitudes or soil types;V. biguttatum occurred worldwide in potato fields.The minimum growth temperature of 57V. biguttatum isolates was found to be in the narrow range from 10 to 13°C, irrespective of their geographical origin. A non-linear logistic growth model was used to describe the radial growth onRhizoctonia mycelium and nutrient agar plates. At near-minimum temperature the maximum colony radii varied considerably; they were up to 3.8 times that of the reference isolate M73. Based on parameter values for logistic growth, fast-and slow-growing isolates could be distinguished. Although the growth properties ofV. biguttatum isolates from different locations varied, the presence of fast- and slow-growing isolates was not restricted to particular areas and both types could be found in the same field. However, bioassays with selected fast- and slow-growing isolates do not support the assumption that growth at near-minimum temperatures is a relevant criterion for screening isolates ofV. biguttatum in terms of effectiveness for biological control ofR. solani.