Effects of livestock breed and rearing experience on foraging behaviour of yearling beef cattle grazing unimproved grasslands

The relative importance of breed versus rearing experience on the grazing behaviour and diet selection of beef cattle when grazing unimproved grassland was examined over 4 years. Suckler‐reared calves of a traditional (T) breed (North Devon) or a commercial (C) breed (Simmental × Hereford Friesian) were cross‐fostered and then reared either extensively (E) on unimproved grassland or intensively (I) on agriculturally improved fertilized grassland. As yearlings, the four groups of calves (Traditional breed + Extensive rearing (TE); Traditional breed + Intensive rearing (TI); Commercial breed + Extensive rearing (CE) and Commercial breed + Intensive rearing (CI)) grazed unimproved grassland dominated by Molinia caerulea, for 2 months, and foraging behaviour was studied in a test phase. There was a breed effect on total (bites + chews; TJM) jaw movement rate (T, 78·2 vs. C, 76·5 min^?1; F prob. = 0·041) during grazing and on the proportion of bites taken from plant communities with sward height ≥6 cm (T, 0·83 vs. C, 0·76; F prob. = 0·018). Rearing experience affected TJM rate in the first year in July (E, 80·0 vs. I, 76·8 min^?1; F prob. = 0·015) and August (E, 78·5 vs. I, 75·5 min^?1; F prob. = 0·046). The intensively reared animals grew less well on average during the test phase than those that had previous experience of the unimproved grassland as calves with their mothers (E, 0·16 vs. I, 0·09 kg day^?1; F prob. = 0·033). Our findings indicate that the rearing experience of livestock appears to be as important as the breed when designing grazing managements for nature conservation areas.     

台湾茶业之考察

本文通过台湾茶业考察见闻,论述台湾茶业的现状与特点,并提出今后发展茶业可参考借鉴台湾发展茶业的一些经验。     

基层育种的实践和体会

本文论述了武义县成功选育出国家级茶树品种的条件,阐述了‘春雨1号’、‘春雨2号’育种的实践过程和经验总结,为基层育种工作提供参考。     

基于服务质量的灵山景区旅游体验质量调查

在体验经济背景下,旅游地的服务质量和游客的体验感受愈来愈受到重视.经过20多年的开发建设,灵山景区已经成为中外闻名的佛教文化旅游胜地.笔者在分析体验经济时代游客重视旅游体验质量的背景下,设计了灵山景区旅游体验质量问卷,通过问卷调查,分析了到访灵山景区的游客的基本出游特征,游客对灵山景区的服务环境质量、服务场景质量和消费情感质量的满意程度,旨在为灵山景区进一步提高服务质量和游客体验质量提供参考.     

Reliability of pelvimetry is affected by observer experience but not by breed and sex: A cross-sectional study in beef cattle

Pelvis size plays an important role to prevent dystocia in cattle caused by the foeto-maternal disproportion in commonly primiparous females. The reproducibility and repeatability are two important aspects for the reliability of the measurements to use in the selection of cattle for culling. Pelvic measures were taken with a Rice pelvimeter from 224 young cattle (180 females and 44 males) of four beef breeds in South Africa. One experienced and two inexperienced observers each measured pelvic height and width twice. The proportion measurements with a maximum difference of 0.5 cm within animal compared with the first measurement by the experienced observer are around 80% and by the inexperienced observers around 50% for pelvic height and around 60% for pelvic width. Breed and sex do not affect the reliability of pelvimetry by an experienced observer. Under- and overestimation of pelvis size were observed in inexperienced observers, which seems to be unrelated to breed and sex.     

我国区域食物安全管理现状与经验

比较分析了不同经济水平下省级食物安全管理状况,发现上海强化了市级食品药品监督局职能,其余30个省(区、市)均成立了由省级政府分管领导担纲的跨部门机构,统一领导和协调本辖区食物安全工作,且办事机构绝大多数设在食品药品监督部门,跨部门机构的组织形式与经济发展水平没有必然联系,此外,各省(区、市)还采取了多种措施,以进一步加强食物安全管理工作。     

灌云县做好农机化宣传信息工作的几点体会

本文通过分析搞好农机化宣传的几点体会，旨在提出要提高农机地位、发挥农机作用、展示农机形象，就必须把农机化宣传摆上位置、抓在手中。     

林业活起来林农富起来林区强起来--三明市推进集体林权制度改革的实践与体会

福建三明市农民人均林地面积0.83hm2,为耕地面积的10倍。从2003年4月起,三明市努力推进集体林权制度改革,到2004年底97%的村完成了此项改革,95.3%的山林明晰了产权。其配套改革措施包括六大体系13个项目,促进了林业生产关系的深刻变革和林业生产力的发展。     

浅谈依饶公路宝清至八五三段建设项目几条监理经验

通过在依饶公路的学习与实践，总结了做好监理工作的几条经验。     

开展竹业协会工作的五点认识

竹业协会应在宣传发动上当好先行,在生产经营上当好参谋,在科技兴竹上当好助手,在市场流通上当好耳目,在自身建设上当好人梯。