棉花幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应与耐盐机理

为探究不同耐盐性棉花品种幼苗对盐胁迫的生理响应特征,以棉花耐盐品种中9806和盐敏感品种中S9612为材料,采用水培法,设置4个NaCl浓度梯度(0、100、150、200 mmol·L^-1)来模拟不同强度盐胁迫条件。结果表明:随着盐浓度的增加,各棉花品种的可溶性糖(SS)含量上升,抗氧化酶活性呈先上升后下降的趋势;盐处理下,耐盐品种可溶性蛋白(SP)、脯氨酸(Pro)含量增加量高于盐敏感品种;S1处理(100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)中盐敏感品种丙二醛积累量较低,但在S2和S3处理(150、200 mmol·L^-1 NaCl)中,耐盐品种丙二醛含量增幅(5.35%~6.83%)低于盐敏感品种(36.93%~77.34%),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性增加量较大;低盐浓度(S1处理)下,盐敏感品种地上部分能够保持较少的Na⁺,高盐浓度(S2和S3处理)下,耐盐品种根中Na⁺增加量小于盐敏感品种,茎中K⁺、K⁺/Na⁺较高。综上表明,耐盐品种棉花通过增强渗透调节,提高抗氧化酶活性缓解膜脂过氧化,维持较高K⁺/Na⁺,从而提高棉花幼苗的耐盐性。     

冠县棉花花铃期田间管理技术

阐述了冠县棉花花铃期的生育特点,结合生产实际制定了田间管理关键技术措施,包括重施花铃肥、补施盖顶肥、中耕培土、适时整枝、化学调控、病虫害防治等,以供参考。     

超高效液相色谱法测定吡蚜酮在棉花和土壤中的残留

建立了超高效液相色谱-亲水色谱柱测定吡蚜酮在棉花和土壤中残留量的分析方法。样本在弱碱条件下采用分散固相萃取(QuEChERS)法进行前处理。结果表明:吡蚜酮在棉叶和棉籽中添加水平为0.05~0.50 mg/kg时,其平均回收率分别为76.9%~91.1%和76.4%~93.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为7.2%~8.2%和6.2%~9.8%;在土壤中添加水平为0.02~0.5 mg/kg时,平均回收率为83.8%~94.6%,RSD为5.3%~8.0%。在山东和河南两地按推荐剂量(有效成分30 g/hm2)和1.5倍推荐剂量(有效成分45 g/hm2)施用10%吡蚜酮·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂后4 d,吡蚜酮在土壤和棉叶中的残留量分别低于0.02和0.05 mg/kg;至收获时,其在土壤和棉籽中的最终残留量低于0.02和0.05 mg/kg。     

新疆南部棉区转Bt基因棉花Bt杀虫蛋白表达规律研究

为研究新疆南部植棉区转Bt基因棉花Bt杀虫蛋白时空表达规律,本文利用ELISA技术于2009年和2010年对南疆种植的转Bt基因棉花‘中棉所41’、‘中棉所43’、‘236’、‘K9030’、‘T3’、‘中棉所44’、‘中棉所45’、‘K7’和‘SGK321’各生育期中不同器官中的Bt杀虫蛋白含量进行测定。结果发现：在时间表达上,大多数转Bt基因棉花叶片的Bt杀虫蛋白含量随着棉花发育进程而逐渐下降,在子叶期含量最高,至蕾期或吐絮期达到最低点。并且不同品种间Bt杀虫蛋白含量差异显著。在空间表达上,在花铃期,棉铃和花苞叶的Bt杀虫蛋白含量最低,大多数品种表现为叶片＞棉蕾＞花瓣（花柱）＞棉铃和花苞叶。     

两种化学改良剂对盐渍化土壤作用机制及对棉花生长的影响

通过对膜下滴灌棉田施加旱地龙和禾康两种土壤改良剂,研究两种不同化学改良剂对改良盐碱地的应用效果及对棉花生长与产量的影响,为盐碱地改良提供理论依据.结果表明:在滴灌棉田施用旱地龙和禾康后,土体含盐量呈下降趋势,脱盐率分别为30.3%和17.7%,而对照区脱盐率仅为10.4%;借助钠吸附比概念对土壤阳离子组成进行分析,旱地...     

新疆超高产棉花群体质量指标研究

在南疆自然生态条件下,2008～2009年对不同产量水平棉花主要群体质量指标研究,阐明超高产棉花不同生育阶段群体质量指标特征及对产量形成的影响,为新疆超高产棉花大面积栽培提供理论依据.结果表明:与高产和中低产棉花相比,超高产棉花开花前株高、现蕾速率增长较快,至开花期超高产棉花株高达到55 cm;现蕾期叶龄每增加1龄现蕾...     

加压滴灌技术在棉花、小麦上应用的经济效益评价

采用经济学评价方法,通过对加压滴灌棉花和小麦生产和管理运行成本、单位面积产值、纯收益和成本收益率等进行全面的分析评价,并与常规地面灌棉花和小麦进行对比分析,为加压滴灌在粮食作物上的进一步扩大推广提供依据.结果表明.加压滴灌棉花纯效益每公顷为10859.1元,成本纯收益率为64.82%,与常规灌溉棉花生产相比,成本纯收益...     

2014年棉花市场形势分析与展望

在政策调控下,2014年国内棉花供给充裕,市场需求整体疲软。棉花进口量大幅回落,纺织品服装出口增速明显回落。受需求不足以及棉花目标价格试点政策实施影响,国内外棉价大幅下降,内外价差明显缩小。后期国内外市场仍将维持弱势震荡格局。受棉价持续走低影响,全球棉花产量预计下降1.6%,中国棉花收获面积下降7.5%。     

Comparisons of Photosynthetic Characteristics in Relation to Lint Yield Among F_1 Hybrids,Their F_2 Descendants and Parental Lines of Cotton

We compared the photosynthetic characteristics in relation to yield of two F1 cotton hybrids（Shiza 2-F1 and Xinluzao 43-F1）, their parental lines（NT2, H2 and 4-14） and their F2 descendants at different growth and development stages. The two F1 exhibited heterobeltiosis in net photosynthetic rate（Pn） by 8.1-52.1%, canopy apparent photosynthetic rate（CAP） by 8.2-57.6% and canopy respiration rate（CR） by 3.0-78.7% during the growing season. They also exhibited mid-parent heterosis by 2.0-5.2% in leaf chlorophyll content（SPAD） during the late growth and development stages. Regression analysis showed that both parents contributed to increase in Pn, SPAD and CAP in the F1. A low CR in the F1 matched a low CR of the parental line. Photosynthetic characteristics in the F2 were mainly dependent upon the magnitude and degeneration rate of the F1. Mid-parent heterosis in CAP and in CR during the late growth and development stage reduced the degeneration of the F2. Average dry matter accumulation was 10.7-34.7% higher in the parental lines of Xinluzao 43-F1 than in the parental lines of Shiza 2-F1. Heterobeltiosis in dry matter accumulation was 7.0-23.1% greater for Xinluzao 43-F1 than for Shiza 2-F1. Dry matter accumulation in the F1 was affected by either the dry matter accumulation of parents or heterobeltiosis. Dry matter accumulation in the F2 was mainly influenced by dry matter accumulation in the F1. The yields of the two F1 were 39.1-46.3% higher than their respective parents and 26.4-45.9% higher than that of the conventional cultivar Xinluzao 33. The yields of the two F2 were 9.2-12.8% higher than the parents and 14.9-27.4% higher than that of Xinluzao 33. The photosynthetic production and yield of the F1 and F2 were higher than that of their parents. The increases in Pn and CAP of the F1 and F2 were dependent on the photosynthetic characteristics of their parents. It is thus concluded that the photosynthetic performance, light use efficiency and yield of the F1 can be improved by using at le     

SSCP Marker Development and Analysis of Candidate Restorer Gene Rf1 for Cotton Cytoplasmic Male Sterility

[Objective] Locating the cotton cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) restorer gene Rf₁ is important for investigating restorer gene mechanisms and improving restorer lines. In our previous study, a gene cluster, with nine Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR) genes and nine other genes, was found within the 160-kb Rf₁ target region in Scaffold 333. The objective here was to improve the density of Rf1-linked markers in the target region and determine the expression profiles of candidate genes. [Method] Using the sequences of the 18 genes, we designed 155 single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) primers covering all of the gene sequences to identify the polymorphic SSCP markers between the fertile and sterile pools. Additionally, real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was performed to analyze the expression profiles of eight candidate genes in the four developmental stages of buds of sterile, maintainer and restoring lines, respectively. [Result] In total, 15 polymorphic primers were identified. A genotype analysis of the F₂ population was conducted using the 15 primers and 3 other polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. The markers were distributed in a 4.8 cM range. In addition, owing to the influence of sterile cytoplasm or restorer genes, most of the genes showed different expression patterns in the four developmental stages of the three lines' buds. [Conclusion] SSCP markers tightly linked to Rf₁ were identified and the expression profiles of candidate genes were determined. This study provides a basis for the further fine mapping of restorer genes and for candidate gene screening.