Fine Mapping of the Fuzzless Gene n2 in Cotton

[Objective] Cotton fibers are single cells derived from the ovule epidermis, cotton fuzz of seeds are also formed by the ovule epidermis. Therefore, we conduct this experiment to locate the fuzzless gene n₂ so as to lay a foundation for its clone and function study. [Method] Two F₂ populations derived from a cross between the Xinhai 21 and the fuzzless mutant of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) n₂ was constructed. Combined with cotton genomic data and developed simple sequence repeat markers to locate the gene. The predicted gene sequence was acquired and the differences in its expression in two parents were analyzed by using the quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction method. [Result] The fuzzless gene was located in a 181 kbp region on chromosome A12 within markers P61 and Z10. There are seven candidate genes in the region. Quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction verification shows significant differences in the expression of 72098 gene in two parents. [Conclusion] In this experiment, the fine mapping and candidate genes analysis of gene n₂ were completed, which laid a foundation for n₂ gene cloning and functional verification.     

Inheritance and gene tagging of male fertility restoration of cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line NJCMS1A in soybean

The F₁, F₂ and F_2:3 of the NJCMS1A × 'Zhongdou 5' cross were used to analyse the inheritance of the male fertility restoration of the cytoplasmic-nuclear male-sterile line NJCMS1A in soybean. The results of genetic analysis showed two pairs of dominant genes conferring the male fertility restoration of NJCMS1A, which further confirmed previous results. The F₂ population from the NJCMS1A × 'Zhongdou 5' cross was used for tagging the restorer genes for NJCMS1A with 664 pairs of simple sequence repeat primers selected randomly from the genetic linkage map of soybean published by Cregan et al. (1999) . Satt626 on linkage group M and Satt300 on linkage group A1 of the integrated linkage map by Song et al. (2004) were found to link to the two restorer genes of NJCMS1A. The maximum-likelihood estimates of the genetic distance between the two markers, Satt626 and Satt300, and the two restorer genes of 'Zhongdou 5' were 9.75 and 11.18 cM, respectively.     

基于两个陆地棉低世代群体定位纤维品质相关QTL

【目的】定位棉花纤维品质性状相关的数量性状位点(Quantitative trait locus,QTL)。【方法】以陆地棉高强纤维品系中棉所679和纤维品质一般的农垦5号为亲本构建包含200个单株的F2群体及对应的F2:3家系群体,对2个群体的纤维长度、断裂比强度等5个纤维品质性状进行检测。用6 688对简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)引物在双亲间筛选,得到149对多态性引物,以F2为作图群体,使用QTL IciMapping软件进行连锁图谱构建,并对F2及F2:3群体进行QTL定位。【结果】根据F2群体基因型信息构建了1张包含119个标记、28个连锁群、总长为1 173.5 cM(centiMorgan)的遗传连锁图谱。分别在F_2、F2:3群体中检测到9个和11个与纤维品质性状相关的QTLs,这些QTLs分布在11个连锁群上。其中F2群体的qFL-D11-1、q BT-D11-1与F2:3群体的qFL-D11-1、q MIC-D11-1均定位在标记DPL0062与HAU0423之间,推测这些位点可能是控制纤维品质性状的重要QTL。【结论】利用多个群体进行QTL定位有益于发现稳定的QTL位点,控制纤维品质性状的基因可能成簇存在,为挖掘纤维品质性状相关基因及分子标记辅助育种奠定基础。     

Development and primary genetic analysis of a fertility temperature-sensitive polima cytoplasmic male sterility restorer in Brassica napus

Over the past decade, the polima cytoplasmic male sterility ( pol CMS) three-line and two-line systems have been developed for the production of hybrid seed in Brassica napus oilseed rape in China. The discovery of the novel pol CMS restorer line FL-204 is described here. It restores male fertility of hybrid plants in the pol CMS system, but hybrid seed production can only be carried out under autumn sowing in Wuhan in south China under moderate temperatures at flowering. The restorer cannot be used as a male for hybrid seed production in northwestern China (Gansu) under spring sowing conditions, because there it is more or less male sterile due to high temperatures at flowering. Because of this behaviour, it is referred to as a fertility temperature-sensitive restorer (FTSR) in this paper. F₂, BC₁ as well as double haploid populations were constructed to determine the inheritance of fertility restoration of FL-204 in the autumn at Wuhan and under spring sowing conditions at Gansu, respectively. Deviations from Mendelian genetics were observed. It was hypothesized that the change of fertility was the result of the interaction between nuclear genes [restoring gene ( Rf ) and temperature-sensitive genes ( ts )] and the cytoplasm. The Rf gene in FL-204 was incapable of restoring male fertility of pol CMS lines under spring sowing conditions at Gansu where it is inactivated by the recessive ts gene present in FL-204. However, the ts gene(s) could be non-functional under moderate temperature conditions at flowering at Wuhan which allows full expression of male fertility in FL-204. The recessive ts gene(s) can only be expressed in plants containing the pol sterile cytoplasm. A method for the utilization of the FTSR pol CMS restorer FL-204 for the production of hybrid seed in B. napus oilseed rape is proposed.     

Molecular mapping of a fertility restorer gene for cytoplasmic male sterility in soybean

In this study, we report the mapping of the Rf locus in soybean by microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) genetic markers. A cross was made between cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line JLCMS82A and restorer line JIHUI 1 based on the DNA polymorphisms revealed by 109 SSR markers. A F₂ population derived from a single F₁ plant containing 103 individuals was used for mapping the Rf locus. The Rf gene of JIHUI 1 gametophytically restores male fertility to JLCMS82A. Fertile and semi-fertile DNA bulks and parental DNAs were screened with 219 SSR markers, and Satt215 which was previously mapped to soybean LG J, was found linked to the Rf gene. Five additional polymorphic SSR markers from LG J were used for analysis and a regional linkage map around the Rf locus was established. SSR markers, Sctt011 and Satt547, flanked the Rf locus at 3.6 cM and 5.4 cM, respectively. The availability of these SSR markers will facilitate the selection of restorer lines in hybrid soybean breeding.     

油菜Nsa CMS候选恢复基因的来源及表达

根据同源序列法克隆的Nsa CMS候选恢复基因PPR618的序列,采用PCR方法在Nsa CMS不育系、恢复系、原始体细胞杂交亲本以及其他甘蓝型油菜品种中共克隆出22个同源序列。序列分析表明,野芥亲本野油18、甘蓝型油菜亲本中双4号各含有2个同源序列,而Nsa CMS 4个恢复系则分别含有3、1、1、1个同源序列。恢复系中候选恢复基因的序列与野芥亲本野油18的同源序列的一致性在93%以上,其中恢1、恢3和恢4中至少有一个同源序列与野油18的第一个同源序列完全相同,恢2中的同源序列与野油18的第2个同源序列完全相同;但与甘蓝型油菜的同源序列一致性均低于80%,说明候选恢复基因来源于新疆野芥,而不是甘蓝型油菜。除了原来的PPR618外,获得了3个来源于恢复系的新候选恢复基因。候选恢复基因在序列上与萝卜和矮牵牛的恢复基因一致性较高。半定量RT-PCR分析表明,候选恢复基因在恢复系中多个组织都有表达,但在根、茎中表达量特别少。随着营养器官到生殖器官的发育逐渐升高,候选恢复基因在恢复系中表达量最高的是雄性败育关键时期, 即1.5~2.5 mm的花蕾中,但不育系中的同源基因在茎中的表达量则相对高于其他组织。     

陆地棉光敏雄性不育基因ys-1的遗传分析与初步定位

【目的】精细定位和克隆陆地棉光敏雄性不育基因。【方法】从陆地棉中040029的航天诱变后代中选育出新型光敏雄性不育系中9106,以中9106与11个陆地棉材料配制杂交组合,初步分析了中9106的杂种优势。以中9106为母本与陆地棉乐土603构建遗传分离群体F1、F2,分析不育性状的遗传特征。利用集团分离分析法筛选简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR),并在包含186个单株的中9106×乐土603 F2群体中用上述SSR初步定位不育基因。【结果】中9106为母本×陆地棉乐土603的F1单株育性均表现正常,而F2群体中的可育单株数∶不育单株数符合3∶1的分离比,推测中9106的不育性状受1对隐性核基因控制。利用集团分离分析法从16 544对SSR中筛选到18对与该不育基因连锁的标记。利用中9106×乐土603的F2群体和18对SSR标记,将不育基因定位于D12染色体,位于标记NAU3442与CGR6339之间,遗传距离均为0.2c M,将该不育基因命名为ys-1。【结论】本研究有助于ys-1的精细定位及其克隆。     

滇型水稻细胞质雄性不育恢复基因Rf-D1（t）的克隆与遗传特性分析

CMS/Rf测交F1结实率与花粉可育率检测表明,Ansanbyeo和南34对三种不同细胞质来源的粳稻不育系(CMS-DT1,CMS-BT和CMS-HL)都有较强的恢复力。根据已公布的水稻基因组序列,在水稻恢复基因定位区段内设计引物,确定出一对与两个滇型CMS的恢复系Ansanbyeo和南34恢复基因紧密连锁的分子标记引物M43804和M43558,首次克隆了滇型恢复基因Rf-D1(t),编码16个PPR蛋白。序列比对表明,该基因与BT型恢复基因Rf-1相似度达99%,两个恢复基因之间在ORF区仅存在一个碱基差异,即Rf-D1(t)第1149bp位的A变成Rf-1的C,并产生一个氨基酸的改编即K(赖氨酸)变成N(天冬酰胺)。该差异处于一个PPR结构域中,暗示该氨基酸是恢复基因的关键位点之一,它的改变可能影响对水稻CMS育性恢复力的变化。     

两份玉米CMS-C恢复系的育性恢复力测定及恢复基因的分子标记定位

为了发掘更多玉米C型不育胞质的强恢复系资源,本研究对2份自交系Z16和7250-14-1进行了恢复能力的测定、恢复基因的遗传分析及恢复基因的分子标记定位。结果表明, Z16和7250-14-1对C黄早四、C478、C698-3和CMo17均表现为育性恢复,而对C48-2则均表现为育性部分恢复。通过对玉米CMS-C不同亚组胞质测交鉴定发现, Z16对G48-2、EC48-2、ES48-2、RB48-2及类48-2均表现为不育性保持,而7250-14-1对G48-2、EC48-2、ES48-2表现为育性部分恢复,对RB48-2和类48-2则表现为不育性保持。Z16和7250-14-1对CMS-T不育系均表现为不育性保持,而对CMS-S不育系则均表现为育性部分恢复。遗传分析显示, Z16对C478和C黄早四的育性恢复均受1对基因控制;而7250-14-1对C黄早四及C478的育性恢复分别受1对基因及2对基因控制。利用(C黄早四×Z16)F2、(C黄早四×7250-14-1)F2群体分别对恢复基因进行分子标记定位,其中Z16的恢复基因被定位于标记B-1至第8染色体短臂末端区域,物理距离为494 kb; 7250-14-1的恢复基因被定位于第8染色体短臂的标记B-1和Chr8-86080之间,物理距离为249kb。该研究不仅为玉米CMS-C"三系"配套的生产利用提供了恢复基因资源,也为玉米CMS-C恢复基因的克隆及恢复机制的研究奠定了一定基础。     

陆地棉耐盐相关EST-SSR以及EST-InDel分子标记的开发

随着棉花基因组学、转录组学等重要学科的快速发展,针对候选基因进行序列多样性分析,开发基于候选基因的分子标记,将能够极大推进棉花分子育种研究。本研究利用高通量的测序技术对耐盐陆地棉品种Miscott 7913-83和盐敏感品种苏棉12盐胁迫前后根、叶总RNA的混样进行了转录组测序,对不同盐处理时期Miscott 7913-83和苏12根和叶分别进行表达谱分析。获得3232条盐胁迫下差异表达基因;基于差异表达基因利用生物信息学手段大规模开发了SSR以及In Del等分子标记;随机选择了部分SSR及In Del引物进行验证,进一步证实了分子标记的准确性。本研究为快速开发陆地棉品种间多态性分子标记提供了高效可行的分析方法,通过开发陆地棉耐盐相关功能标记,以期用于分子标记辅助育种改良陆地棉耐盐性。     

甘蔗抗褐锈病新基因抗感病池构建及SSR多态性引物筛选

由黑顶柄锈菌(Puccinia melanocephala H. Sydow ＆ P. Sydow)引起的甘蔗褐锈病是危害中国甘蔗生产的主要病害之一。为了鉴定和发掘抗褐锈病新基因,防止褐锈病爆发流行和保证甘蔗安全生产,本研究以杂交组合‘粤糖03-393’× ‘ROC 24’抗感分离真实性F₁代群体为材料,构建抗感基因池,合成449对引物对抗感亲本及抗感基因池进行抗、感连锁SSR分子标记筛选。结果表明,25对引物在抗感亲本间有多态性,其中4对引物(SMC236CG、SCESSR0928、SCESSR0636、SCESSR2551)在抗感亲本及抗感池间有多态性,初步判定这4个SSR标记在染色体上的位点可能与抗褐锈病新基因存在连锁关系。研究结果为后续开展抗褐锈病新基因定位、为中国甘蔗褐锈病防控及抗病育种奠定了良好的基础。     

Molecular mapping of genic male-sterile genes ms15, ms5 and ms6 in tetraploid cotton

Two genic male sterile (GMS) lines, Lang-A conditioned by ms ₁₅ and Zhongkang-A conditioned by ms ₅ ms ₆ duplicate recessive genes in Gossypium hirsutum L., were chosen to map GMS genes. These two lines were crossed with Gossypium barbadense cv. 'Hai7124' to produce segregating populations. The ms ₁₅ gene was mapped on chromosome 12, and was flanked by two simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, NAU2176 and NAU1278, with a genetic distance of 0.8 and 1.9 cM respectively. The ms ₅ and ms ₆ genes were mapped to one pair of homoeologous chromosomes, ms ₅ on chromosome 12 flanked by three SSR markers, NAU3561, NAU2176 and NAU2096, with genetic distances of 1.4, 1.8 and 1.8 cM, respectively, and ms ₆ on chromosome 26 flanked by two SSR markers, BNL1227 and NAU460, with a genetic distance of 1.4 and 1.7 cM respectively. These tightly linked markers with the ms ₁₅ , ms ₅ and ms ₆ genes can be used in the marker-assisted selection among segregating populations in a breeding programme, and provide the foundation for gene isolation by map-based cloning for these three genes.     

采用基于高分辨率熔解曲线技术的SNP标记定位徐州142无絮的短绒控制基因

【目的】定位徐州142无絮(XZ142w)突变体的短绒控制基因n2。【方法】以陆地棉(Gossypium hirsutum L.)徐州142(XZ142)×XZ142w的F2群体为研究对象,利用108个简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)标记对n2进行初步定位,再根据2个亲本材料中有单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphic,SNP)的差异基因设计50对SNP引物,用高分辨率熔解曲线(High resolution melting,HRM)技术从中筛选在亲本间有多态性的SNP引物,并用于后代的基因分型。【结果】利用108个SSR标记将n2初步定位在26号染色体的20.2c M的遗传区间内;用HRM技术筛选到9对亲本间有多态性的SNP引物,成功实现基因分型;并结合以SSR构建的连锁图谱,将n2的遗传区间缩小为19.5 c M,n2与最近的SNP标记Cricaas20158遗传距离为5.5 c M,且遗传图谱上的标记与四倍体陆地棉测序物理图谱基本一致。【结论】HRM技术可用于棉花中的SNP检测和n2基因的定位。     

利用SSCP技术分析甘蓝型油菜10个功能基因序列差异

以甘蓝型油菜SI-1300和Eagle为材料,利用DNA单链构象多态性(single-strand conformation polymorphism, SSCP)技术,对10对功能基因特异性引物进行多态性分析,每对引物均检测到1个多态性位点。随后随机挑选10个多态性片段进行测序,并利用bl2seq软件比较测序序列与基因原始序列。结果显示测序序列与所对应的基因原始序列之间相似程度平均高达98%,差异碱基数平均仅为2.3个。进一步选取5对引物比较分析两个材料间的差异扩增片段序列,发现差异扩增片段在2个材料中高度保守,平均相似度达97%;在所测序的5对引物扩增序列中,共存在39个单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs)和5个插入/缺失突变(insertion-deletions, INDELs),SNP和INDEL的发生频率分别为1 SNP/30 bp和1 INDEL /233 bp。结果表明,SSCP标记能够真实代表原始功能基因,甘蓝型油菜功能基因序列在不同材料间高度保守,其遗传变异类型主要来源于SNP。     

基于SSR分子标记的Nicotiana tobacum–N.plumbaginifolia异源染色体植株的鉴定与筛选

以烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)品种云烟87的八倍体(2n=8x=96)和野生烟草N. plumbaginifolia (2n=2x=20)的基因组DNA为模板,对340对烟草SSR引物进行筛选以获得能扩增多态性条带的引物。利用多态性引物对种间杂交后代及190株回交后代的基因组DNA进行扩增,并对N.plumbaginifolia中的SSR标记的连锁情况进行简要分析。经筛选获得了多态性引物29对。结果显示,在190株后代中, 159株的基因组DNA能扩增出N. plumbaginifolia的特异SSR位点,可以判定该159株为N. tabacum的N. plumbaginifolia异源染色体植株,其余31株植株可能不含有N. plumbaginifolia的染色体。经UPGMA聚类分析,本群体中植株的遗传多样性较为丰富,部分分子标记在后代中的出现具有完全相关性。29个标记中14个可确定来源于5条不同染色体,N.plumbaginifolia的29个位点在回交后代中的扩增效率并不相同,且效率均较低(低于31.00%),说明该杂种中N. plumbaginifolia基因组的垂直传递效率较低。利用SSR分子标记可以判定云烟87八倍体与N.plumbaginifolia杂交获得的后代为真杂种,且自该远缘杂种回交后代中筛选获得大量异源染色体植株。这些结果和筛选获得异源染色体植株为进一步创制N.tabacum-N.plumbaginifolia抗黑胫病单体附加系以及易位系奠定了基础。     

不同时期水稻主要恢复系、不育系的遗传差异变化研究

用AFLP技术分析了我国不同年代广泛应用的野败型杂交水稻19个恢复系和13个不育系的遗传差异,同时基于其农艺性状进行了聚类,结果表明:（1）基于标记和性状两种聚类在不育系和恢复系的区分上一致,而在恢复系内和不育系内的遗传差异检测上有较大差异;（2）我国水稻亲本间的遗传差异较大,且在不育系与恢复系间>恢复系内>不育系内;（3）恢复系内的遗传差异以早期小于中期、近期,其与不育系间的遗传差异也存在同样的关系,这与20世纪80年代中、后期我国杂交水稻产量大幅度提高,90年代后一直徘徊不前的变化趋势一致;（4）不育系内的遗传差异后期大于前期,但它与恢复系间的遗传差异前、后期不显著;（5）不同年代恢复系的分子标记遗传差异变化趋势与杂交水稻产量变化趋势一致,分子标记揭示的遗传差异可为杂交育种中恢复系的选择提供参考。     

SSR方法标记谷子光敏雄性不育基因

为加快谷子杂种优势利用的研究进展、寻找谷子光敏雄性不育基因,利用SSR方法对谷子光敏雄性不育基因进行了分子标记。首先用166对引物在谷子光敏不育系GM与恢复系恢东1号两亲本间进行了筛选,其中有61对引物在亲本间存在差异;经F2群体153株单株验证后,仅有一对引物b159和目标基因连锁;通过Kosambi函数计算,其连锁距离为13.5 cM,位于第6条染色体。     

玉米雄性不育突变体mi-ms-3的遗传分析及分子鉴定

Maize is one of the best crops in the utilization of heterosis. Male sterile lines are important germplasms for the hybrids production. A male sterile mutant named mi-ms-3 was obtained by screening in a mutator insertion library. The number of male anthers in tassel decreased and not exserted. There were few anthers with only two pollen sacs in the mutant tassels, and some of the anthers were degenerated to membranous and formed filaments at their ends. Although pollens in the anthers could be stained by I₂-KI, pollen shedding was abnormal and the number of pollen grains decreased. The number of silks in the ear of the mutant increased, and there was a sterile grain on both sides of the maturated kernel. Fertility of F₁ plants, which were obtained by hybridization between mi-ms-3 and maize inbred Mo17, was normal. Genetic analysis of F₂ population showed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive gene. The candidate gene was preliminarily mapped on the long arm of chromosome 3 by BSA and it was located between a SSR marker and an Indel marker with a distance of 1.5 cM. There are 21 candidate genes in this region. It was finally found that the insertion mutation of Mu transposon occurred at 30 bp upstream of the coding region of zm00001d042618 (zmm16) by transponson tagging and sequencing analysis. The results showed that mi-ms-3 was a new allele of sts1, which caused by a single base mutation in the coding region. RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of zmm16 in the mutant was decreased. The identification of the new allelic mutant of sts1 in this study would provide new materials for the study of flower development and hybrid seed production.