保湿冷藏对湖南山核桃种子萌发及生理的影响

为了探索湖南山核桃（Carya hunanensis Cheng.）种子的萌发及生理特性,采用自然脱水和保湿冷藏后播种的方法,对湖南山核桃种子的萌发特性及其顽拗性和萌发过程中种子内脂肪、蛋白质、淀粉、水溶性糖、脱落酸（ABA）、赤霉素（GA4＋7）、玉米核苷（ZRS）、生长素（IAA）的含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,湖...     

Estimation of acute fluid shifts using bioelectrical impedance analysis in horses

BACKGROUND: Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) has been used to evaluate extracellular fluid volume (ECFV), but not fluid fluxes associated with fluid or furosemide administration in horses. If able to detect acute changes in ECFV, MF-BIA would be useful in monitoring fluid therapy in horses. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of MF-BIA to detect acute fluid compartment changes in horses. We hypothesized that MF-BIA would detect clinically relevant (10-20%) changes in ECFV. ANIMALS: Six healthy mares were used in the study. METHODS: This is an original experimental study. Mares were studied in 3 experiments: (1) crystalloid expansion of normally hydrated subjects, (2) furosemide-induced dehydration followed by crystalloid administration, and (3) acute blood loss followed by readministration of lost blood. MF-BIA measurements were made before, during, and after each fluid shift and compared to known changes in volume calculated based on the intravenous fluids that were administered in addition to urinary fluid losses. Mean errors between MF-BIA estimated change and known volume change were compared using nonparametric analysis of variance. Estimated ECFV pre- and post-fluid administration similarly were compared. The level of statistical significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: Results of the study revealed a statistically significant change in ECFV and total body water during crystalloid expansion and dehydration. Statistically significant changes were not observed during blood loss and administration. Mean errors between MF-BIA results and measured net changes were small. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: MF-BIA represents a practical and accurate means of assessing acute fluid changes during dehydration and expansion of ECFV using isotonic crystalloids with potential clinical applications in equine critical care.     

Clinical efficacy of intravenous hypertonic saline solution or hypertonic bicarbonate solution in the treatment of inappetent calves with neonatal diarrhea

BACKGROUND: The clinical efficacy of IV administered hypertonic saline solution and hypertonic bicarbonate solution (HBS) in the treatment of inappetent diarrheic calves has not been compared yet. HYPOTHESIS: HBS is more advantageous than hypertonic saline in the treatment of calves with severe metabolic acidosis. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight dehydrated, inappetent calves with neonatal diarrhea. METHODS: In 2 consecutive clinical studies, calves were initially treated with saline (5.85%; 5 mL/kg body weight [BW] over 4 minutes; study I: N = 16) or bicarbonate solution (8.4%; 10 mL/kg BW over 8 minutes; study II: N = 12), respectively, followed by oral administration of 3 L isotonic electrolyte solution 5 minutes after injection. Clinical and laboratory variables were monitored for 72 hours. RESULTS: Treatment failed in 6 calves of study I and in 1 calf of study II as indicated by a deterioration of the general condition. All treatment failures had more severe metabolic acidosis compared with successfully treated calves before treatment. In the latter, rehydration was completed within 18 hours after injection; metabolic acidosis was corrected within 24 hours (study I) and 6 hours (study II) after injection. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Diarrheic calves with slight metabolic acidosis (base excess [BE] >-10 mM) can be treated successfully with hypertonic saline. HBS is appropriate in calves without respiratory problems with more severe metabolic acidosis (BE up to -20 mM). Intensive care of the calves is required to ensure a sufficient oral fluid intake after the initial IV treatment.     

金太阳杏花粉超低温保存方法研究

为探讨杏花粉种质保存的方法,进而为花粉培养、遗传转化和杂交育种提供材料,以杏品种金太阳的新鲜成熟花粉为试材,采用干燥法和玻璃化法2种超低温保存技术,对花粉干燥时间、解冻方式和贮藏时间等影响保存后花粉萌发率的有关因素进行研究。结果表明,干燥时间对金太阳杏花粉超低温保存后的萌发率有显著影响,其中干燥法宜在4℃下硅胶干燥8h、玻璃化法宜在(20±1)℃下以玻璃化液PVS2(体积分数15%二甲基亚枫+15%乙二醇+30%甘油+0.4mol/L蔗糖)处理60min;干燥法保存后分别以4℃2h、20℃30min和40℃70s等3种方式化冻,花粉萌发率无明显差别,而对玻璃化法则以40℃70s化冻后的花粉萌发率最高;以2种方法分别保存1、10、30、60d后花粉萌发率无显著变化。     

Effects of Density and Water Availability on the Behavior, Physiology, and Weight Loss of Slaughter Horses during Transport

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of density and provision of water on aggressive behavior, stress, and weight loss in slaughter horses during transport. A 16.2-m, single deck semi-trailer was divided into three compartments to create high, medium, and low density (397 ± 6.5 kg/m², 348 ± 5.2 kg/m², and 221 ± 7.6 kg/m² per compartment) groups of unrestrained horses. Six shipments containing 23 to 30 horses per shipment were transported in June and July of 2004 for 18 to 20 hours. While the truck was stopped for 1 hour after 8 hours of transport and then again just before unloading, horses in each of two compartments received water for 1 hour from six water bowls (three bowls mounted on each side of a compartment). The third, non-watered compartment served as a control. Aggressive behavior of the horses was recorded using 12 video cameras installed in the trailer. All occurrences of aggressive behavior were counted from 15-minute segments of video during 2-hour intervals for each horse that was visible in each density group. Neither density nor water significantly affected (P > 0.21) aggressive behavior, cortisol, plasma chemistry profile, dehydration, or weight loss. Aggression did not differ (P = 0.49) between the first and second halves of the shipments, indicating that fatigue had not advanced to the stage where aggression was suppressed. Individual horses, rather than density were the major cause of aggressive behavior. However, two horses went down in the high density treatment, indicating that factors in high density could lead to increased morbidity or death.     

The effects of hypohydration on central venous pressure and splenic volume in adult horses

Background: Central venous pressure (CVP) is used in many species to monitor right‐sided intravascular volume status, especially in critical care medicine. Hypothesis: That hypohydration in adult horses is associated with a proportional reduction in CVP. Animals: Ten healthy adult horses from the university teaching herd. Methods: In this experimental study, horses underwent central venous catheter placement and CVP readings were obtained by water manometry. The horses were then deprived of water and administered furosemide (1 mg/kg IV q6h) for up to 36 hours. Weight, CVP, vital signs, PCV, total protein (TP), and serum lactate were monitored at baseline and every 6 hours until a target of 5% decrease in body weight loss was achieved. The spleen volume was estimated sonographically at baseline and peak volume depletion. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association of CVP and other clinical parameters with degree of body weight loss over time. Results: There was a significant association between CVP and decline in body weight (P < .001), with a decrease in CVP of 2.2 cmH₂O for every percentage point decrease in body weight. Other significant associations between volume depletion and parameters measured included increased TP (P= .007), increased serum lactate concentration (P= .048), and decreased splenic volume (P= .046). There was no significant association between CVP and vital signs or PCV. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These findings suggest that CVP monitoring might be a useful addition to the clinical evaluation of hydration status in adult horses.     

Ca~(2+)对大豆种子及其胚轴脱水伤害的修复研究

通过Ca2+对大豆种子及胚轴脱水伤害的修复研究,证明Ca2+是一种脱水伤害的保持性物质。EDTA和EGTA能在不同程度上抑制Ca2+的这种修复作用,它们的使用从另一角度进一步说明Ca2+对脱水伤害具有修复作用。     

低剂量辐照脱水青刀豆贮藏效果的研究

对脱水青刀豆进行了常温辐照(4、6、8kG_y的⁶⁰Coγ射线)后的贮藏试验,得出了不同辐照剂量、不同包装下辐照后的贮藏效果。并讨论了脱水刀豆辐照对细胞结构以及初始带菌量对灭菌效果的影响。