东北油豆角腐皮镰孢菌根腐病拮抗芽胞杆菌的筛选与鉴定

以东北油豆角腐皮镰孢菌为靶标菌,采用室内平板对峙培养和温室防效测定方法,从发病油豆角根际(围)土壤中筛选拮抗能力强的芽胞杆菌菌株,以期获得腐皮镰孢菌根腐病的生防资源。结果表明:该试验筛选到一株拮抗芽胞杆菌WJ-126,初步鉴定为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌(Bacillus velezensis),在温室人工接种条件下,该菌株对油豆角腐皮镰孢菌根腐病的相对防效可达60.92%。     

低聚木糖的制备及其对益生菌体外增殖的作用

针对玉米芯微波消解-内切木聚糖酶水解制备低聚木糖的工艺,以低聚木糖的得率为主体评价指标,通过单因素实验时影响低聚木糖得率的微波消解过程和内切木聚糖酶水解过程的因素与水平进行研究,并考察获得的低聚木糖对益生菌的体外增殖作用.结果表明:玉米芯酶法制备低聚木糖的最佳工艺条件为微波处理压力1.6 MPa,微波处理时间5 min,内切木聚糖酶用量140 U·g-1,酶解时间6 h;在最适条件下,玉米芯酶解液中低聚木糖的得率为82.5%,质量浓度为11.02 g·L-1;低聚木糖对益生菌的体外增殖实验表明,低聚木糖添加量在0.2%和0.4%时,分别可以对乳酸杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌起到最好的增殖作用,分别达到311%和183%,添加量进一步提高反而会抑制这2种菌的生长.     

Screening of field performance of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes against cabbage root flies (Delia radicum l. and d. floralis (fall.); Diptera,Anthomyiidae)

Finnish isolates of Beauveria bassiana (8 isolates), Metarhizium anisopliae (7), Tolypocladium sp. (2), Paecilomyces farinosus (2), P. fumosoroseus (1), Steinernema feltiae (3) and Bacillus thuringiensis ('Muscabac') were tested for efficacy against mixed populations of Delia radicum and D. floralis under field conditions in 1986–90. All pathogens were applied preventatively, the fungi as aqueous conidial or mycelial suspensions, dry conidia or dry mycelial powder. In only two of the nine experiments did B. bassiana or M. anisopliae give some control. In 1986, B. bassiana SF85–2 and Tolypocladium sp. SF85–4 (both at rate 1.2 x 10⁹ conidia plant‐ 1), and ‘Muscabac’ (25 g 1^?1, 1 dl plant^?1) reduced the number of pupae by 80%, 60% and 50%, respectively, as compared with untreated and chemical (isophenphos) controls. In 1990, M. anisopliae SF86–39 at rate 1.6 x 10⁹conidia plant^?1 and 1.5 x 10⁸ CFU plant^?1 and S. feltiae SFS‐22 (35000 plant^?1), increased the yield of cauliflower 2.2, 1.8, and 2.3‐fold, respectively, as compared with the untreated control, but these yields were only 19%, 15% and 19% of those of the chemical (diazinon) control. Paecilomyces isolates were ineffective in the 1986 experiment in which they were included. Our results suggest that it is difficult to find efficient control agents among the fungal and nematode species tested for use as biopesticides against cabbage root flies, but that the potential of M. anisopliae against these pests deserves further study.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌防治柑桔害虫的后效作用

1985年在广西隆安县从未施过Bt菌剂的柑桔园中喷洒Bt菌剂(Bt5a5b).1986年对该园的土壤和柑桔叶片取样分析,结果表明,施菌区土壤及叶片的Bt(H5a5b)检出率均高于不施菌剂的对照区。1987年检测果园的鳞翅目害虫,施菌区活虫的Bt检出率为51.4％,其中Bt(H5a5b) 占60.2％,死虫的Bt检出率为81.3％,其中Bt(H5a5b)占67.1％。对照区活虫Bt检出率为20.5％,其中Bt(H5a5b)占34.3％,死虫的Bt检出率为35.7％,其中Bt(H5a5b)占10％。说明施用菌剂两年后,果园中仍残留一定量的Bt,对害虫有致死的作用。     

CT—43乳剂防治几种蔬菜害虫的应用效果初报

应用CT—43双毒乳剂防治小菜蛾,菜青虫和豆荚螟有较好的防治效果。以500倍稀释液防治菜青虫的平均防效为93.9％,防治小菜蛾的平均防效为84.8％,防治豆荚螟的平均防效为83.2％,对棉铃虫的防治效果为86.5％。防治效果受虫龄和气温的影响较大。CT—43双毒乳剂对斜纹夜蛾高龄幼虫防治效果欠佳。     

芽孢杆菌剂与苏脲1号对家蝇幼虫的协同作用和持效

实验室研究结果表明,苏云金杆菌CT—43和YBT—127菌株的孢晶素粉对家蝇幼虫的效果分别为65％和40％,明显高于森田芽孢杆菌的效果(5％),在多种混合应用的组合中,只有CT—43菌株的孢晶粉与苏脲Ⅰ号混合应用有明显的协同作用。苏云金素混入家蝇饲料中在培养室保存15天,对蝇幼虫的毒力没有下降,其他菌剂和苏脲Ⅰ号的毒效均明显下降。改进苏云金杆菌的孢晶素制剂,用于防治家蛹幼虫是有效可行的。     

苏云金杆菌D—1(血清型H3ab)新菌株的研究

D—1菌株系从自然死亡的灯蛾虫尸分离的一株苏云金杆菌新菌株。经菌种鉴定与Bt.var.kurstaki相同,属血清Ⅲ型。其培养特性表现为:对培养基成分和培养温度适应范围较小,在温度28-30℃,培养基含固量为4.1-6.7％,C/N为5.7-6.2时发酵正常。32℃以上和浓培养基则影响其正常繁殖。这与HD-1菌株相吻合。对菜青虫、棉铃虫、玉米螟和松毛虫等4种昆虫毒力测定结果表明,D—1菌兼有H_5型青虫菌81—6和H_3型HD-1的杀虫特性。它对菜青虫和松毛虫的毒力与81—6相接近而高出HD—12.7—5.1倍。对棉铃虫和玉米螟的毒力则明显高于81—6也比HD—1强。     

广西苏云金杆菌资源调查研究

1978～1982年,对广两地区苏云金杆菌的资源,包括分布、种类、毒力等进行了系统调查。从不同经纬度的11个县44个点,采集土壤、虫尸样品4454份,分离出172个菌株。经过生理、生化和血清学的分析试验,作出分类鉴定;并找出广西苏云金杆菌的优势种为蜡螟变种,占94％,其毒力也是最强的。     

苏云金杆菌防治棘禾草螟和芦毒蛾的研究

应用苏云金杆菌制剂防治棘禾草螟和芦毒蛾都有较好的效果。为了兼治这两种害虫,可在棘禾草螟第一代卵孵化盛期及盛孵末期分别防治一次。每亩喷Bt乳剂200克或150克加敌敌畏50克。     

酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测苏云金杆菌伴孢晶体蛋白质研究

用酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测Bt伴孢晶体毒素蛋白质,最低可检值7.79ng/0.15ml,灵敏、精确,具高度专化性。测定标准品HI—1—S—1980和Bt乳剂产品中伴孢晶体蛋白质含量,分别为108.06mg/g粉剂和4.57—6.17mg/ml乳剂。用标准品与待测样品(Bt乳剂)的晶体蛋白质含量,就可计算出待测样品的相对毒力效价。ELISA与昆虫生测之间有良好的相关性。