侧柏种源幼林期生长及适应性状变异的研究

对我国侧柏自然分布区范围内２３个种源在甘肃两个试验点１０年的研究结果表明：种源间幼林期的生长量、结实期及适应性存在显著差异；种源与立地有一定的交互作用；种源的高生长与年龄呈极显著正相关；种源的生长量基本趋于由南向北、由东向西，从低海拔到高海拔，生长逐渐〔漫的规律。根据种源生长速度、适应性和形态特征等性状的变异表明：西北部种源适应性强，生长慢，侧枚密生，树形美观，可主要用于荒山造林和城市绿化；东、南部种源生长快，树冠较窄，主干明显，宜营造用材林。     

美国五种灌木种实形态特征及其萌发特性的初步研究

采用常规的水浸催芽方法,对引自美国的5种共7个种源的灌木树种种实的萌发特性进行了初步研究。对水浸催芽不易萌发的种实再采取其它催芽方法进行实验。结果表明:黑油脂木(Sarcoba tusverm icula tus)和沙生胶兔木(Chrysotham nus nauseosus ssp.turbina tus)的果实特别容易萌发,采用常规水浸处理即可得到较高的发芽率;不作任何处理即进行直播,其出苗率也很高;而四翅滨藜(Atriplex canescens)、巨四翅滨藜(A.canescens ssp.gigan tea)、三齿滨藜(Atriplex.triden ta ta)和内华达麻黄(Ephedranevadensis)的种实,常规水浸处理发芽率很低,通过混沙催芽、层积催芽等方法可以提高种实的发芽率和出苗率。     

杉木第二代种子园亲本性状遗传变异研究

以沙县官庄国有林场22年生的杉木第2代种子园为研究对象,对220个无性系进行系统测定,探讨了无性系生长、形质和结实性状的遗传变异规律,结果表明:生长性状、形质性状和结实性状在无性系间的差异达到极显著水平,而且无性系的重复力值均较大;从220个无性系中综合筛选出丁74等35个优良无性系,各优良无性系生长量大、结实性状良好,22年生时的平均树高、胸径、材积值分别高达17.56 m、33.60 cm和0.803 35 m3,分别大于种子园中调查的220个无性系平均值的20.36%、17.73%和57.32%,综合性状表现优良,可用作高世代种子园建园材料和杂交育种的亲本材料。     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

The threat of wild habitat to scab resistant apple cultivars

Evaluations of plant resistance to pathogens are rarely made using isolates from wild habitats, although the heterogeneity of such habitats may generate pathogen diversity which could be a source of new virulence in cultivated habitats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether scab resistance factors, identified and characterized in apples using isolates of Venturia inaequalis from a cultivated habitat, remained effective against isolates from a wild habitat. Three V. inaequalis core collections originating from the cultivated apple Malus × domestica and from two wild species, M. sieversii and M. sylvestris, were established to maximize pathogen diversity. For each core collection, 10 isolates were inoculated in mixtures onto 51 genotypes from an apple progeny segregating for two qualitative resistance genes and six quantitative resistance loci (QRL). On each apple genotype, isolates that contributed to the scab symptoms were identified within the mixture using microsatellite markers. The most frequently detected isolates were inoculated singly to compare their aggressiveness according to their host origin. The results showed that isolates from a wild habitat were able to infect the susceptible apple genotypes. However, these isolates were never more aggressive than isolates from the cultivated habitat on the resistance factors tested. It can therefore be concluded that the resistance factors used in this study, identified with V. inaequalis isolates from a cultivated habitat, remained effective against isolates from M. sylvestris and M. sieversii.     

大白菜抗TuMV-C_4的QTL分析

采用高抗芜菁花叶病毒C4株系(TuMV-C4)的大白菜高代自交系A52-2为父本、感病自交系高IV-5为母本杂交后获得的F2代263个单株作为作图群体,利用SRAP分子标记技术进行遗传分析,构建了1张包含10个连锁群,由152个 SRAP标记组成的大白菜分子遗传图谱。该图谱覆盖长度为1066.3cM,平均图距7.06cM。利用Windows QTL Cartographer V2.0软件和复合区间作图法进行分析,共检测到5个与抗TuMV-C4株系相关的QTLs。     

杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异

杉木无性系生长及分枝习性的遗传变异＊何贵平陈益泰关志山封剑文蔡宏明伊加生关键词杉木无性系生长性状重复力遗传相关近１０年来，杉木Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．无性系的研究在我国有了长足的进步［１～５］，各地均有较多...     

四川乡土和引进丛生竹的生长表现及竹丛营养空间拓展分析

围绕四川竹业资源培植需求,对8个丛生竹竹(品)种引种栽培3 a的生长性状变化和适应性进行分析.从立竹胸高断面积、竹丛篼幅及冠幅的变异系数变化,探讨了竹丛生长的营养空间拓展及其立地适应性表现.结果表明,丛生竹造林3 a的生长增殖已正常地表现出丛生竹无性系种群增长及结构动态,竹林已具备资源生态经济价值.     

Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene

To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding.     

Analysis of residuals for stability assessment of rice genotypes

The analysis of residuals computes general adaptabilities (GAs) and specific adaptabilities (SAs) of genotypes similar to combining ability analysis. The residual analysis is simple and robust being based on the first-degree statistics, and is assumption-free. A unique statistic of ratio of variances (VR) of residuals for individual genotypes allows comparing their stability. The residuals analysis of genotype × environment (GE) interactions was performed for grain yield (t ha^?1) of 25 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, including two developed by marker-assisted selection for root traits quantitative trait loci (QTL), tested across 16 sites. Results were compared with the linear regression analysis for (i) full set of 16 sites showing adequacy of linear model and (ii) subset of nine-poor sites showing inadequacy of linear model. There was agreement between the two analyses for situation (i) but not for situation (ii) when the regression analysis fails because of nonlinearity but the residual analysis retains its validity.