6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.     

温室番茄循环曝气地下滴灌土壤水分动态及耗水特性

为探求循环曝气地下滴灌对温室番茄土壤水分及耗水特性的影响规律,采用正交试验,研究了不同滴灌带埋深、曝气水平及灌水量对温室番茄土壤含水率、耗水量、产量及水分利用效率的影响.整个生育期内番茄耗水量呈先增大后减小的趋势,曝气处理番茄耗水量显著高于不曝气处理.相比于不曝气处理,曝气滴灌处理番茄产量提高10%,水分利用效率提升0.4%.15 cm滴灌带埋深、溶氧值30 mg/L以及75%ET₀灌水量处理的番茄产量和水分利用效率达到最大值,分别为64 951.3 kg/hm²和23.26 kg/(hm²·mm).结果表明,曝气处理对番茄产量、水分利用效率的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05).曝气对于土壤含水率有一定影响,且曝气处理有助于番茄对水分的吸收.滴灌带埋深和灌水量交互作用对番茄产量的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.05),滴灌带埋深和曝气量交互作用对番茄产量的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01),灌水量与滴灌带埋深、灌水量与曝气水平交互作用分别对番茄水分利用效率的影响具有统计学意义(P<0.01).     

不同生育期曝气滴灌对温室番茄生长品质影响

为探究不同生育期循环曝气地下滴灌对温室番茄生长及品质的影响规律,设置不同生育期以及全生育期循环曝气处理,以全生育期不曝气处理作为对照组,研究不同生育期循环曝气处理对温室番茄株高、茎粗、叶绿素含量、根系活力及品质的影响.结果表明：开花坐果期循环曝气处理有利于温室番茄株高的增长,果实膨大期循环曝气处理有利于温室番茄茎粗的增长,多生育期连续循环曝气较单一生育期曝气优势不明显;相较于对照组处理,果实膨大期曝气处理温室番茄果实单果质量提高36.12%,果实横纵径分别提高11.52%,20.24%,可溶性固形物含量提高29.25%,有机酸含量降低20.41%,糖酸比提高47.53%,维生素C含量提高40.58%,可溶性糖含量提高12.65%,可溶性蛋白含量提升38.62%,果实膨大期曝气处理有利于温室番茄单果质量的增加和品质的优化.因此,综合果实品质和作物生长各指标,开花坐果期循环曝气处理更有利于温室番茄株高的生长,果实膨大期曝气处理更有利于温室番茄茎粗、单果质量及果实品质的提升.