Identification and verification of quantitative trait loci for eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa)

This study was conducted to identify new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that have stable effects for eating and cooking quality (ECQ) of rice. Three recombinant inbred line populations of indica rice were each planted in two years. Three traits for ECQ, amylose content (AC), gel consistency (GC) and alkali spreading value (ASV), were measured for QTL analysis. A total of 13 QTLs were detected, including four for AC, six for ASV and three for GC. Two QTLs, qGC4 in the interval RM16252–RM335 on the short arm of chromosome 4 and qGC6.2 in the Alk region, were validated in a population derived from a residual heterozygote that was homozygous at the major locus Wx. In the absence of segregation at the Wx locus, qGC4 and qGC6.2 had additive effects of 2.46 and 8.18 mm, respectively, offering a potential for improving GC property of rice varieties. Comparison between qGC4 and previous results suggests that qGC4 is likely a new QTL for GC, providing a candidate for gene cloning and functional characterization.     

阳高县杏脯产业现状调查分析

山西省大同市阳高县被誉为"三晋杏乡",生产的阳高杏脯营养丰富,是山西省传统名优特产。调查了阳高县杏脯产业的发展历史和现状以及阳高县杏脯产业发展中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了阳高县杏脯产业可持续发展的合理化建议。     

菜籽油裂解燃料离子液体催化酯化反应降酸工艺的研究

为了降低裂解燃料酸值,增加燃料的稳定性能,将吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐应用于菜籽油裂解燃料的酯化反应。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度等对酸值的影响,并在最佳优化条件下考察了裂解燃料成品的理化性质。结果表明:吡啶丁烷磺酸硫酸氢盐对催化酯化反应具有很高的催化活性。优化工艺条件为:催化剂用量1.2%、反应温度75℃、反应时间70 min,在此工艺条件下,酸值降低到1.0 mgKOH/g以下。     

枇杷果实发育过程中山梨醇含量及相关酶活性的变化

以果型和品质差异较大的黄肉枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)‘解放钟’和白肉枇杷‘白梨’的果实为试材,测定果实发育过程中山梨醇、果糖、葡萄糖含量及与山梨醇代谢相关酶--山梨醇脱氢酶(Sorbitol dehydrogenase,SDH)和山梨醇氧化酶(Sorbitol oxidase,SOX)活性的变化,并探讨山梨醇代谢与枇杷果实生长发育和品质形成的关系。结果表明:2个枇杷品种果实中山梨醇含量均随果实发育进程呈下降趋势,且‘白梨’枇杷果实中山梨醇含量高于‘解放钟’。在花后35~80 d,2个枇杷品种幼果中葡萄糖和果糖含量均较低且相对稳定,而花后95~140 d果实中葡萄糖和果糖含量逐渐上升,并在花后125~140 d果实成熟期急剧增加而达到峰值;果实中葡萄糖含量在2个品种间差异不显著(p0.05),花后125~140 d的果实成熟期,‘白梨’果实中果糖含量显著高于‘解放钟’(p0.05)。果实发育过程中SDH和SOX的活性均呈先降后升的变化趋势。说明2个枇杷品种果实发育过程中山梨醇、果糖、葡萄糖含量及SDH和山SOX的活性表现出相似的变化规律,但果实山梨醇含量与SDH和SOX的活性在果实膨大期均存在显著差异(p0.05),这可能是黄肉枇杷与白肉枇杷品质差异的关键。     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.