Fruit developmnt rule of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars ‘Fengyue' and'‘Cuiyu’

The fruit development rules of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars were studied in this paper. ‘Fengyue' has thedevelopment phase named comparatively stable period, slow increase period, rapid increase period and stagnatingincrease period. Fruit firmness change exhibits two periods, i.e. slowly declining period and rapidly declining period.There is an obvious corresponding relation between the changes of fruit firmness and the soluble solids content, i.e. therapidly declining time of fruit firmness corresponds with the rapidly increasing time of soluble solids content. According toto early November, respectively.     

8个猕猴桃品种叶片矿质养分含量的生长期变化及其相关性

以8个猕猴桃品种（‘海沃德’、‘米良1号’、‘徐香’、‘金香’、‘哑特’、‘翠香’、‘农大金猕’、‘金魁’）为试材,连续两年分析猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾、钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等10种元素含量的生长期变化特点及其相关性。结果表明,不同猕猴桃品种叶片养分含量差异显著。其中,‘海沃德’叶片氮、磷含量较高,钙、镁含量较低;‘米良1号’叶片氮、钙含量较高;‘翠香’叶片钙含量较高,氮、磷、钾含量较低;‘农大金猕’和‘金魁’叶片氮、钾均较低。猕猴桃叶片氮、磷、钾含量从坐果期至果实快速膨大期不断下降,之后在果实缓慢生长期和果实充实成熟期氮持续下降,钾维持稳定,磷则有所回升;叶片钙、镁、铁、锰、锌、硼含量均随着生长期的推进而呈升高趋势,但不同元素初始升高和后期稳定的时间点略有差别。叶片氮、磷与钾之间呈显著正相关,与钙、镁、铁、锌、硼之间呈显著负相关;钙、镁、铁、锰、铜、锌、硼等中微量元素之间多呈显著正相关。本研究为生产上不同猕猴桃品种的科学施肥和高效栽培提供了理论依据。     

基于Adaboost算法的田间猕猴桃识别方法

实现猕猴桃自动化采摘的关键是自然环境下果实的准确识别。为提高田间猕猴桃果实的识别效果,基于Adaboost算法,利用RGB、HSI、La*b*3个颜色空间中的1个或多个通道构建6个不同的弱分类器,用采集的猕猴桃果实和背景共300个样本点进行训练生成1个强分类器。然后选择655个测试样本点进行验证,强分类器分类精度为94.20%,高于任意弱分类器。对80幅图像中215个猕猴桃进行试验,结果表明：Adaboost算法可有效抑制天空、地表等复杂背景的影响,适合于自然场景下的猕猴桃图像识别,识别率高达96.7%。该技术大大提高了猕猴桃采摘机器人的作业效率。     

红肉猕猴桃果园管理技术概述

红肉猕猴桃是猕猴桃中的特色类群。红肉猕猴桃品种在消费市场需求旺盛,商业价值突出,商业栽培面积快速增加,但产业发展中的技术问题也日益突出。本文就红肉猕猴桃产业发展的基本环境和现状、果园生产的技术问题及解决方案等做一概述,以期为红肉猕猴桃产业健康持续发展提供建议。     

猕猴桃果实成熟前补钙对果实含钙量的影响

猕猴桃果实成熟前用喷叶法和喷果法补钙，可显著提高果实中的钙含量。喷叶较喷果效果好。用Ca(NO3)2喷叶，比用CaCl2处理效果好，差异显著。而果实对CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2的吸收选择性差异不显著。经补钙处理的果实采后进行贮藏效果观察发现：用Ca(NO3)2喷叶处理的果实贮藏性较好，用其喷果处理次之；用CaCl2喷果和喷叶处理的果实贮至28天软果率均达到90％。     

猕猴桃实生苗组织培养体系建立的研究

以饱满成熟的猕猴桃种子为起始材料,用 2. 5g·L-1赤霉素处理 5小时,再用次氯酸钠灭菌消毒后,将萌芽的种子接种到MS+蔗糖 20g·L-1 +肌醇 100mg·L-1和 0. 75%琼脂的培养基上,根、茎、叶生长表现良好,初步建立了猕猴桃实生苗组织培养体系。猕猴桃实生苗组织培养同利用茎段、茎尖组织培养一样,培养基中无须附加任何激素。     

Preliminary results of using in vitro axillary and adventitious buds in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry

Summary Aseptically cultured shoots of Chinese gooseberry exhibited growth disorder and morphological aberrances, and some died after being exposed to sufficient gamma-ray irradiation. The death rate was dose dependant and the LD₅₀ was 80–90 Gy and 50–60 Gy respectively for cv. Hayward and clone 4. All petiole explants irradiated with gamma-ray could form calli as the control, but the rate of differentiation of adventitious shoots of the petiole explants decreased and was dependant on dose. Sensitivity of the shoot or petiole explants to gamma-ray irradiation varied with species. Gamma-ray irradiation did not deter either the 2-node segments from producing axillary shoots M₁, M₂, and M₃ or the advantitious shoots originating in the petiole explants and the M₃ shoots from forming advantitious roots. Therefore, using aseptically cultured axillary or adventitious buds for mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry is feasible. A bacterium surviving in the explants lessened the efficiency of these two in vitro techniques in mutation breeding of Chinese gooseberry.Abbreviations IAA 3-indole acetic acid - IBA -indole butyric acid - MS Murashige & Skoog (1962)     

Growth and physiological responses of four kiwifruit genotypes to salt stress and resistance evaluation

In this study,four genotypes(Acva-1,Acva-2,Acva-3 and ZM-2) of Actinidia germplasm resources were grown in different NaCl concentrations(0,0.4,0.8 and 1.2 g L–1).The growth,physiological and biochemical indicators were measured,and a graded scale was developed as the salt damage index(SDI) according to different damage symptoms in leaves.The results showed SDI increased gradually,and average number and length of new shoot decreased significantly.Three antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase) and two osmotic adjustment substances(soluble sugar and proline) showed different changes in old and new leaves of four genotypes.SPAD values exhibited a decreased trend in the whole except in the new leaves of Acva-2.Malonaldehyde contents increased and root activity decreased with the increasing salt concentrations.Principal component analysis was used to assess the salt tolerance,and the results showed Acva-3,from Actinidia valvata Dunn.,had the strongest tolerance to salt,and could be a potential resistant resource to the salt-tolerance dedicated rootstock breeding of kiwifruit.     

基于卷积神经网络的田间多簇猕猴桃图像识别方法

为实现田间条件下快速、准确地识别多簇猕猴桃果实,该文根据猕猴桃的棚架式栽培模式,采用竖直向上获取果实图像的拍摄方式,提出一种基于Le Net卷积神经网络的深度学习模型进行多簇猕猴桃果实图像的识别方法。该文构建的卷积神经网络通过批量归一化方法,以Re LU为激活函数,Max-pooling为下采样方法,并采用Softmax回归分类器,对卷积神经网络结构进行优化。通过对100幅田间多簇猕猴桃图像的识别,试验结果表明:该识别方法对遮挡果实、重叠果实、相邻果实和独立果实的识别率分别为78.97%、83.11%、91.01%和94.78%。通过与5种现有算法进行对比试验,该文算法相对相同环境下的识别方法提高了5.73个百分点,且识别速度达到了0.27 s/个,识别速度较其他算法速度最快。证明了该文算法对田间猕猴桃图像具有较高的识别率和实时性,表明卷积神经网络在田间果实识别方面具有良好的应用前景。     

徐香猕猴桃多酚抗氧化特性研究

以徐香猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis)为试验材料,测定其总酸度、总糖和维生素C的含量;采用超声提取法提取猕猴桃多酚,测定猕猴桃多酚的总还原能力及对羟基自由基、超氧自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基等4种自由基的清除能力,并以Vc为对照,评价徐香猕猴桃多酚的抗氧化特性。结果显示,徐香猕猴桃总酸、总糖及Vc含量分别为1.13%±0.16%、10.03%±0.78%及(78.71±7.60)mg/100g,猕猴桃提取液的多酚质量浓度为0.123mg/mL。猕猴桃多酚的总还原能力高于Vc,猕猴桃多酚对4种自由基清除率的IC50值均比Vc的IC50值低,表明猕猴桃多酚具有很高的抗氧化活性。猕猴桃多酚中含有没食子酸、香豆酸、儿茶素、绿原酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸等6种多酚类物质,其中咖啡酸含量最高,其次为绿原酸、香豆酸、儿茶素,阿魏酸和没食子酸含量较少。