鱼类特异性代谢物对草鱼、鳙和尼罗非鲫耗氧率的影响

以草鱼、鳙和尼罗非鲫互为供体和受体,研究其特异性代谢物对耗氧率的影响。结果表明：①在草鱼“代谢水”中,草鱼耗氧率显著下降（P＜0．001）,鳙和尼罗非鲫耗氧率均显著上升（P＜0．001）;②鳙“代谢水”中,鳙耗氧率显著下降（P＜0．001）,草鱼耗氧率无显著变动（P＞0．05）;③在尼罗非鲫“代谢水”中,3种鱼的耗氧率均无显著变动（P＞0.05）。实验揭示了鱼类特异性代谢物对代谢影响的存在,且这种影响因种而异。     

高寒鲤含肉率及肌肉营养成份的分析

本对高寒鲤含肉率、肌肉营养成份及氨基酸含量进行了测定，为制定出高寒鲤种质标准，提供参数。高寒鲤含肉率为61．70％，肌肉营养成份中水分为77．24％，蛋白质为17．59％，脂肪为2．58％，灰份为1．25％。用氨基酸自动分析仪测定了18种氨基酸含量，结果是：18种氨基酸总量为17．38％，8种必需氨基酸及2种半必需氨基酸总量为8．46％，4种鲜味氨基酸总量为7．03％。并与兴国红鲤、青鱼、青草、鲢鱼、鳙鱼、虹鳟的肌肉营养物质含量进行对比分析，结果表明：高寒鲤肌肉脂肪、灰份低于虹鳟鱼，高于其他几种鱼；水份高于虹鳟鱼，低于其他几种鱼。     

牛生长激素基因向“缩骨鲫”受精卵转移的初步研究

用显微注射方法,将带有小鼠重金属结合蛋白基因启动子的牛生长激素基因导入“缩骨鲫”受精卵。分析了外源基因在受体胚胎发育过程中的行为及在仔鱼体内的整合。初步结果显示了外源基因对受体的加速生长效应。     

虾青素对锦鲤血液及抗氧化指标的影响

以初始体重为(7.31±0.12)g的红白锦鲤幼鱼为试验对象,研究虾青素不同添加量(0、100、400、700、1 000、1 300、1 600 mg.kg-1)对锦鲤血液和免疫指标的影响。每组设3个平行,每个平行饲养10尾鱼,表观饱食投喂60 d。结果表明,在饲料中添加700~1 600 mg.kg-1(X3~X6组)虾青素,可显著提高锦鲤血红蛋白含量和红细胞数,在此范围对谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力无显著影响,添加700 mg.kg-1(X3组)虾青素,可以显著提高锦鲤血糖(GLU)含量,同时,碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于对照组。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力在虾青素添加量为400 mg.kg-(1X2组)时,显著低于对照组和除100 mg.kg-(1X1组)外的其他试验组(P<0.05)。添加虾青素没有对锦鲤乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)产生影响。上述研究说明,在饲料中添加虾青素可提高锦鲤免疫功能,综合经济效益角度建议,饲料中虾青素的适宜添加量为700 mg.kg-1。     

鲫鱼苗培育翘嘴鳜早苗技术及效益分析

长江中下游地区对翘嘴鳜早苗需求大,但存在缺少适时、适口活饵的问题。本文总结了鲫鱼苗培育翘嘴鳜早苗技术,从成本投入、产出情况、经济效益等方面分析了养殖效果。翘嘴鳜早苗培育试验期间总产值是总投入的2.2倍,净利润达344 020元/hm²,效益是常规淡水鱼类苗种培育的5～8倍。以鲫鱼苗为活饵培育翘嘴鳜早苗模式是养殖户增产、增收的好方式,应用前景良好,值得进一步推广应用。     

中国淡水鱼类单极虫病的研究Ⅰ.河南信阳鲤鱼单极虫病的研究

1993年作者对河南信阳市南湾水库网箱养殖鲤鱼肠道单极虫病进行了系统研究。该地区发病率高达 90 %以上 ,发病鲤鱼肠壁上寄生了大量单极虫孢囊 ,破坏肠道组织 ,吸收鱼体营养 ,病鱼失去光泽 ,体色呈暗黑色 ,肠管呈紫红色 ,充满脓血粘液 ,大型孢囊集中在中、后肠 ,孢囊形态大多为椭球形 ,最大个体为 4 .5× 2 .5cm ,肠管膨大一倍以上 ,肠壁变薄 ,肠道完全被堵塞 ,停止进食而死亡。经比较研究 ,该病原体被定为信阳单极虫新种 (Thelohanellusxinyangensissp .nov .)。作者对感染和未感染鲤鱼血清进行了免疫试验 ,发现病鲤血清蛋白带比未感染粘孢子虫鲤鱼血清多 5— 7条 ,该血清与单极虫孢子经交叉免疫电泳发生沉淀反应 ,表明病鲤血清具有特异性抗体产生。作者在病鲤血液中还发现“未明血液生物体”(UBO) ,对肝、肠组织亦进行了病理学研究     

黄河鲤谷胱甘肽对氨氮胁迫的生理响应

[目的]研究氨氮对鲤幼鱼肝组织谷胱甘肽及其酶系的影响,阐析谷胱甘肽对环境胁迫的抗氧化防御机理.[方法]将黄河鲤在对照组(0 mg/L)和低(10 mg/L)、中(20 mg/L)、高(30 mg/L)3个氨氮处理组中染毒,研究氨氮胁迫6、24和48h后对肝组织中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)活性的影响.[结果]氨氮胁迫诱导黄河鲤幼鱼肝组织中GSH含量、GSH-Px和GST活性迅速升高,并在氨氮胁迫24h达到最大值,从而抵御氨氮造成的氧化胁迫.随着氨氮胁迫时间的延长,肝组织中GSH含量、GSH-Px和GST活性降低,抗氧化能力减弱.[结论]氨氮胁迫诱导黄河鲤幼鱼肝组织中谷胱甘肽含量及其酶系活性改变,以有效清除细胞中的活性氧和有毒代谢物,提高鱼类对环境的适应性.     

Influence of duration of aeration on growth and survival of carp fingerlings during high density seed rearing

Impact of varied durations of aeration on growth, survival and production performances of catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), fringe lipped carp (Labeo fimbriatus) and olive barb (Puntius sarana) were evaluated in outdoor concrete tanks (10 m × 5 m × 1.3 m) during fingerlings rearing. At a combined stocking density of 0.5 million fry/ha, provision of night time aeration for 4, 8 and 12 h was evaluated as the three treatments, T-I, T-II and T-III, respectively against control (T-c, without aeration). Overall survival and net biomass of the species increased among the treatments significantly as a function of aeration hours (T-c < T-I < T-II < T-III). Aeration for 8 and 12 h showed significantly higher survival, harvested body weight and SGR in all the carps than those with 4 h (T-I) and no aeration (T-c), suggesting 8–12 h of aeration requirement for fingerlings rearing at such high density. Further, no significant difference between survival levels in T-II and T-III groups suggested 8 h of aeration to be adequate. However, while species-wise performance showed 8–12 h night time aeration to be advantageous for catla and rohu, aeration for 4 h was adequate for fringe lipped carp and olive barb.     

Sample digestion for determining chloramphenicol residues in carp serum and muscle

Chloramphenicol (CAP) residues in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated after intramuscular injection of a single-dose of 80 mg/kgbw. CAP concentrations in carp serum and muscle with and without addition of β-glucuronidase were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection. The results showed that CAP-glucuronide (CAP-G), an important conjugate of CAP in the metabolic process and potentially toxic to human health, was observed after the fish were injected with CAP. CAP concentrations in serum and muscle with added β-glucuronidase were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those without added enzyme. For example, within 24 h of injection, average CAP concentrations in serum and muscle with enzyme digestion were 30 and 48% more than those without the enzyme. In order to exactly determine the trace CAP content of fish, for evaluation of food safety, it is suggested that samples be hydrolyzed with enzyme (e.g., β-glucuronidase).     

Role of photoperiod and melatonin in the regulation of ovarian functions in Indian carp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Catla catla</Emphasis>: basic information for future application

The major carp Catla catla is a popular freshwater edible fish and an extensively cultured species in India. However, basic information on the physiology of reproduction is lacking in this species. By virtue of its surface feeding habit, it maintains close contact with environmental light, and is a species of choice for the study of temporal organization of reproduction under natural and experimental conditions for understanding environmental and/or endocrine mechanisms that control the annual reproductive cycle. The present review covers information gathered in recent years to emphasize the temporal pattern of reproductive events and the importance of photoperiod and melatonin, a hormone of the pineal gland that links the environment with the endocrine system in the regulation of reproduction. Finally, the outcome of the research is discussed in terms of its direct and indirect applications to aquaculture of this species with a view to manipulate its breeding at a desired time of the year to meet market demand.