生防细菌1505的鉴定及其对采后柑橘炭疽病的抑制效果

采用细菌学方法及分子生物学技术对菌株1505进行鉴定,并对其在防治采后柑橘炭疽病上的效果进行研究.结果显示,菌株1505对柑橘炭疽病菌具有拮抗活性,其活菌悬浮液在PDA平板上对柑橘炭疽病菌产生明显抑制作用,而灭菌发酵液和去除菌体的发酵液均无抑菌效果;连续8次在人工培养基上转代培养,菌株1505对柑橘炭疽病菌生长的抑制力没有发生明显改变;菌株1505对胶孢炭疽菌[Colletotrichum gloeosporioides(Penz.)Sacc.]引起的柑橘炭疽病有明显的防治作用,刺伤接种的防效为48.8%,自然发病的防效为46.3%.根据形态学特征和生理生化反应,结合16SrDNA序列分析结果,将菌株1505鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis).     

茶树油控制香蕉采后炭疽病害的研究

为了探讨植物提取物对香蕉采后病害的防治效果,以香蕉果实为材料,采用菌丝生长速率方法测定不同剂量的茶树油(TTO)对香蕉炭疽病菌的离体抗菌活性,并用TTO熏蒸处理接种炭疽病菌的香蕉果实,测定果实的发病情况。结果显示,20～40μL TTO能够显著抑制离体炭疽病菌的菌丝生长,浓度越高,抑制效果越明显;接种炭疽病菌的果实经TTO处理后,病斑直径显著小于未处理果实。另外,TTO处理的果实在常温贮藏10 d后果实果皮颜色和硬度也显著优于未处理果实。初步研究表明TTO在控制香蕉果实采后腐烂和保鲜上具有应用可行性。     

6种杀菌剂对香蕉采后炭疽病防治效果研究

[目的]测定6种杀菌剂对香蕉炭疽菌的抑制率和防治效果。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率测定法,测定6种杀菌剂对香蕉炭疽菌的平板抑制率;同时配制终浓度为5、10、50、100、200mg／L施保功进行药效试验。[结果]在PSA平板中,施保克、施保功对香蕉炭疽菌的抑制效果最好,抑制率可达到100％,好生灵的抑制效果最差。施保功浓度梯度防治效果检验中,施保功浓度为200mg／L时,防治效果就可达到100％。[结论]施保功对香蕉炭疽病的防治效果最好,且使用浓度为100-200mg／L。     

橡胶树枝条内生真菌的分离及其拮抗性的测定

经过严格的表面消毒程序,从橡胶树枝条中分离到18株内生真菌,并对其进行初步鉴定.结果表明,这18株内生真菌分别归属于2个目,2个科,7个属,其优势菌群为无孢菌群(Mycelia Sterilia).通过温度测定,确定橡胶树内生真菌最适生长温度为25～28℃:采用平板对峙培养法,研究内生真菌对香蕉枯萎病菌(Fusarum pxysporum f.sp.cubense)和橡胶炭疽病菌(Colletorichum gloeosporioides Penz.Sace)的抑菌作用.结果表明,ITBB2-2对两种植物病原菌的拮抗作用最好.ITBBBB2-10和ITBB2-15次之,ITBB2-3对香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗作用明显而对橡胶炭疽病菌拮抗作用不明显,其它内生真菌对两种植物病原菌无拮抗作用或不明显.     

Control of seed-borne pathogens on legumes by microbial and other alternative seed treatments

Greenhouse trials were carried out in order to test the efficacy of different seed treatments as alternatives to chemicals against Colletotrichum lindemuthianum cause of anthracnose on bean and Ascochyta spp. cause of Ascochyta blights on pea, respectively. Resistance inducers, commercially formulated microorganisms, non-formulated selected strains of different microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and yeasts) and plant extracts were applied as dry or liquid seed treatments on naturally infested seeds. Seedling emergence and disease incidence and/or severity were recorded. Almost all seed treatments turned out to be ineffective in controlling the Ascochyta infections, which is in line with the literature stating that these pathogens are difficult to control. The only alternative treatments that gave some control of Ascochyta spp. were thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea. The resistance inducers tested successfully controlled infections of bean by C. lindemuthianum. Among the formulated microorganisms, Bacillus subtilis-based formulations provided the best protection from anthracnose. Some strains of Pseudomonas putida, a disease-suppressive, saprophytic strain of Fusarium oxysporum and the mustard powder-based product Tillecur also proved to be effective against bean anthracnose. However, among the resistance inducers as well as among the other groups, certain agents caused a significant reduction of plant emergence. Different alternative seed treatments can therefore be used for the control of C. lindemuthianum on bean, while on pea only thyme oil and a strain of Clonostachys rosea showed some effectiveness against Ascochyta spp.     

橡胶树上的一种新炭疽菌

在云南绿春县橡胶园发现一种新的橡胶树炭疽病,经病原菌鉴定,确认是博宁炭疽Colletotrichum boninense,同时还对博宁炭疽与橡胶树炭疽病常见病原菌胶孢炭疽Colletotrichum gloeosporioides、尖孢炭疽Colletotrichum acutatum进行致病力、菌丝生长温度和分生孢子形态的比较,结果显示3种菌存在明显差别,胶孢炭疽致病力强,适应性强,分布广,是目前云南橡胶树炭疽病病原优势种,其次是尖孢炭疽,而博宁炭疽还少见,仅在红河绿春的戈兰和德宏瑞丽的莫里橡胶树上零星发生。     

9种杀菌剂对柱花草胶孢炭疽病菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌丝生长速率法测定9种杀菌剂对胶孢炭疽菌的室内毒力。结果表明：咪鲜胺、丙环唑、抑霉唑和苯醚甲环唑4种药剂对柱花草炭疽病菌株CH008的抑菌效果最好,其EC50值在0.032 3～0.735 2 μg/mL,成为最具潜力的替代使用杀菌剂;戊唑醇和吡唑醚菌酯的抑菌效果也较好,其EC50值在1.381 3～3.208 8 μg/mL。     

防治草莓炭疽病的芽胞杆菌组合的筛选

为开发防治草莓炭疽病的复合菌剂,比较了5株芽胞杆菌（菌株CM3、Y-48、Lh-1、Y-30和Y-9）在不同的组合方式和比例下对草莓炭疽菌Colletotrichum thebromicoia的抑制作用,筛选出抑菌效果的最佳的组合并通过盆栽防治试验测定其防治效果。抑菌试验表明,由巨大芽胞杆菌Y-30和解淀粉芽胞杆菌CM3按照2：1配比而成的组合抑菌率达到59.46%,比菌株Y-48的抑菌率高出13.86%（单菌株中抑菌率最高的菌株,抑菌率为52.22%）,比单菌株Y-30和CM3分别提高72.65%和25.22%。盆栽试验证实,复合菌处理对于草莓炭疽病的防治效果为68.69%,比化学药剂的防治效果提高了23.63%;同时,复合菌处理还有效的促进了草莓的生长,草莓株高、叶片面积、根鲜重以及茎叶鲜重都有显著提高。本试验为复合菌剂应用于草莓炭疽病的生物防治提供了依据。