Mechanisms conferring resistance of Western flower thrips to bendiocarb

Mechanisms associated with bendiocarb resistance were examined in two strains of western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), that differed in their susceptibility to this carbamate by 13.6-fold. No appreciable differences between the two strains in [¹⁴C] bendiocarb penetration and excretion were detected; however, bendiocarb was metabolised substantially faster by the resistant KCM thrips than by the more susceptible UMC thrips. No appreciable difference between the two strains was found in the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase activity to inhibition by bendiocarb. It was concluded that bendiocarb resistance in KCM western flower thrips was due to enhanced metabolism that probably was mainly oxidative in nature.     

拟垫跗螋生物学特性的研究

拟垫跗螋是为害造纸原料荻和芦的害虫（蚜虫、蓟马、螨等）的重要捕食性天敌。在湖南洞庭湖区一年发生２代，以成虫和若虫在残杆、渣叶和土缝中越冬。成虫寿命第１代约４个月，第２代连越冬达１０个月。雌雄性比约５４。雌雄均可多次交尾，有的雌虫产卵后又可交尾。每头雌虫的产卵量平均３９．３粒。卵期平均６．５天。若虫期第１代近４个月，第２代连越冬约９个月。大田消长主要受地势高低、洪水、农药、食物等因素影响。并对保护利用跗螋控制害虫的措施进行了讨论     

杭州非栽培植物上访花蓟马种类调查及发生分析

为明确蓟马在野外不同植被上的发生动态,了解不同蓟马的寄主偏好性。从4月中旬至11月中旬,每2周对杭州茅家埠多种植物花上的蓟马种类进行采集并在室内进行种类鉴定,并且对几种主要植物的几种蓟马种群动态进行分析,包括对金丝桃Hypericum chinese花上的花蓟马Frankliniella intonsa、西花蓟马F.occidentalis、黄胸蓟马Thrips hawaiiensis及黄蓟马T.flavus;一年篷Erigeron annuus花上的花蓟马、西花蓟马、小头蓟马Microcephalothrips sp;空心莲子草Alternanthera philoxeroides花上的花蓟马、西花蓟马及黄胸蓟马及美人蕉Canna indica花上的花蓟马、黄胸蓟马、黄蓟马及茶黄硬蓟马Scirtothrips dorsalis发生进行分析。调查发现蓟马种类分属6属16种,其中花蓟马、黄胸蓟马及黄蓟马是该地主要的蓟马种类。分析发现,金丝桃上花蓟马是优势种,其他几种只是偶尔发生,一年篷上优势种是小头蓟马并且发生量在开花的后期较多,即在整个7月,空心莲子草上蓟马的数量在开花的早期较多,从6月初至7月初,后期减少明显,主要是花蓟马和西花蓟马两种,美人蕉上主要的蓟马种类是黄蓟马和黄胸蓟马,在整个开花期,有3个发生高峰期,分别为7月上中旬,9月中下旬及11月上中旬,并且种群发生量大,最高时达到每花101.60±13.89头。同时花蓟马的数量也较高,最高时每花达12.60±4.35头,因此从上述的分析发现,花蓟马的适宜寄主范围广,除一年篷花上较少外,其他3种植物的花上都较多,这3种植物都可作为花蓟马的虫源地,黄蓟马和黄胸蓟马的主要适宜寄主为美人蕉花,西花蓟马则在空心莲子草上发生较多,而小头蓟马的适宜寄主则是一年篷。     

Impact Assessments of Transgenic cry1Ab Rice on the Population Dynamics of Five Non-Target Thrips Species and Their General Predatory Flower Bug in Bt and Non-Bt Rice Fields Using Color Sticky Card Traps

A 2-yr field study was conducted to assess the effects of transgenic japonica rice(KMD1 and KMD2) with a synthetic cry1 Ab gene from Bacillus thuingiensis Berliner on population dynamics and seasonal average densities of five thrips species including Stenchaetothrips biformis(Bagnall),Frankliniella intonsa(Trybom),F.tenuicornis(Uzel),Haplothrips aculeatus(Fabricius),Haplothrips tritici(Kurd) and their general predatory flower bug,Orius similis Zheng as compared to the parental control rice line using the white,blue and yellow sticky card traps.Population dynamics and seasonal average densities of these five thrips species and their general predatory flower bug were not significantly affected by rice type.Additionally,the white sticky card trap was suggested to be the most suitable for monitoring the population of these five thrips species and their general predator.These results show that our tested Bt rice lines do not interrupt the population of non-target thrips species and their general predatory flower bug in the field,and also cannot result in more occurrence of these thrips species in the rice ecosystem.     

溴虫腈对桑蓟马的毒力及对桑树安全性的研究

于室内采用浸虫法测定溴虫腈对桑蓟马3龄若虫的生物活性。结果表明：24h的毒力值LC50为0．0613mg／L,LC95为0．4538mg/L,杀虫活性高于吡虫啉。室外使用不同剂量的溴虫腈喷洒农桑14号、丰田5号和鲁插2号桑苗,结果溴虫腈对三个品种的生长均没有抑制作用。     

施磷对苜蓿抗蓟马的影响

为了明确施磷是否能有效提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性,以感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农3号和抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农9号为材料,设0,6,12,18(P₂O₅) g/m²等4个磷水平,在大田蓟马为害高峰期,评价和测定了不同磷水平处理下苜蓿的受害指数、植株磷含量和农艺性状。结果表明,随着磷水平的升高,甘农3号和甘农9号植株的磷含量增加,受害指数均明显降低,株高、产量及叶片含水量增加,茎叶比下降;植株磷含量、叶片的含水量均与苜蓿的受害指数呈负相关关系,但第2茬植株磷含量与苜蓿的受害指数相关性不显著(P>0.05),茎叶比与苜蓿的受害指数呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。相同磷水平处理下,第1茬甘农9号的受害指数均显著低于甘农3号(P<0.05);第2茬在12(P₂O₅) g/m²和18(P₂O₅) g/m²处理下,甘农9号的受害指数与甘农3号差异不显著(P>0.05);施磷后甘农3号的受害指数均低于未施磷甘农9号的受害指数。磷元素可通过提高苜蓿生长性能来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性;在大田条件下,通过施磷管理来提高感虫苜蓿品种对蓟马的耐害性是一种有效的措施;12(P₂O₅) g/m²是本试验中最经济有效的施肥量。     

不同施钾量对苜蓿碳水化合物含量及抗蓟马的影响

为了明确施钾是否能有效提高苜蓿对蓟马的抗性并研究相关生理变化,本试验以感蓟马苜蓿品种甘农3号和抗蓟马苜蓿品种甘农9号为材料,设0、6、9、12、15 (K₂O) g/m²等5个钾浓度水平,在大田蓟马为害高峰期,评价和测定了不同钾水平处理下苜蓿的受害指数、叶片钾含量、产量、碳水化合物含量;在苜蓿第二茬中,随着钾水平的升高,甘农3号和甘农9号老叶和心叶的钾含量、可溶性糖、淀粉和木质素含量升高,产量显著增加(P<0.05);受害指数均显著降低,且受害指数均在K₂水平下最低,分别较K₀水平降低了47.60%和46.11%;在第三茬中,甘农3号和甘农9号的受害指数、产量、钾含量、可溶性糖、淀粉和木质素含量的变化规律与第二茬相似,受害指数在K₂水平下分别较K₀水平降低了30.78%和23.27%。第二茬和第三茬中,在低于9 (K₂O) g/m²施钾水平下,苜蓿叶片钾含量与受害指数显著负相关(P<0.05);高于12 (K₂O) g/m²水平下,苜蓿叶片钾含量与受害指数无显著相关性(P>0.05)。钾元素可通过提高苜蓿碳水化合物的合成(尤其是可溶性糖和淀粉)及生长性能来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性。施钾后甘农3号的受害指数均低于未施钾甘农9号的受害指数,因此,通过施钾管理来提高苜蓿对蓟马的耐害性是一种有效的措施。9 (K₂O) g/m²是本试验中最经济有效的施肥量。     

Insecticide resistance inFrankliniella occidentalis: Corroboration of laboratory assays with field data and cross-resistance in a cypermethrin-resistant strain

Field efficacy of five insecticides to a greenhouse strain ofFrankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) of known resistance status was studied. In a greenhouse trial, the mortality of aF. occidentalis strain (Uncali) which exhibited resistance only against cypermethrin in laboratory assays, reached 56%, 68%, 82%, 94% and 99%, 24 h after application of abamectin, cypermethrin, endosulfan, malathion and methomyl, respectively. In the laboratory, for larval mortality equal to that achieved in the field, much lower doses — half of the field dose of cypermethrin and endosulfan, and one-third and one-sixth of malathion and methomyl, respectively, were required in topical application. Because of differences between laboratory and field responses ofF. occidentalis to insecticides, a sound resistance evaluation program to determine field efficacy of insecticides is needed. Resistance increased 28.0- and 139.3-fold at LC₅₀ in theF. occidentalis strain subjected to 27 and 44 cycles of cypermethrin selection, respectively. A slight cross-resistance of two- to threefold was found with endosulfan, malathion and methomyl and no cross-resistance was observed with abamectin. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting August 4, 2008.     

竹醋液对西方花蓟马的忌避作用

竹醋液是竹炭加工过程中的副产品,为纯天然产品,在农业上有着广泛的应用。本文在室外笼罩环境下研究了竹醋液对豆株上西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用。结果显示:竹醋液的不同浓度和同一浓度下的不同处理时间,对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用有显著差异。浓度增加显著地提高了竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫的忌避作用,而忌避作用随时间的延长而逐渐降低。质量分数为2.06%和1.03%的竹醋液对西方花蓟马成虫有明显的忌避作用,前者在使用后10d时其忌避显著下降。本文同时探讨了竹醋液在西方花蓟马控制上应用的可能性。     

信息化合物对西花蓟马的行为调控及其应用

西花蓟马(Frankliniella occidentalis)是一种危险性的外来入侵害虫,其寄主范围广、繁殖速度快、抗药性强、防治难度大,在我国发生后对蔬菜、花卉等经济作物造成了严重的损害。信息化合物在昆虫与植物或昆虫与昆虫之间的化学联系中起着决定性的作用,它调控着昆虫的多种行为。本文主要综述了植物挥发性物质及昆虫信息素对西花蓟马的行为调控及其在防治中的应用研究进展。