不同盐度条件下秋茄根系单宁含量动态变化

对不同盐度(0‰-40‰)栽培下秋茄根的总酚、可溶性缩合单宁、结合缩合单宁、总缩合单宁的含量进行测定,探讨盐度对单宁生产的效应.结果表明:(1)不同盐度下栽培60-135d,总酚含量在相同盐度条件下随栽培时间的延长呈现出先波动而后升高的趋势,其中总酚最高含量出现在高盐度,说明一定的高盐度胁迫可以促进总酚的合成;总缩合单宁与可溶性缩合单宁含量变化趋势相似,其中可溶性缩合单宁含量显著高于结合缩合单宁.(2)在15‰盐度下栽培75-135d,秋茄根不同部位的总酚、可溶性缩合单宁、结合缩合单宁和总缩合单宁含量有相似的变化趋势,即由根尖往远离根尖的部位呈下降趋势.     

一种快速简便的茶儿茶素高效液相色谱定量分析方法

采用茶样沸水浴浸提20min,SEP-PAK C18小柱净化试样的前处理方法和μBondapak C_(18)不锈钢柱,二甲基甲酰胺、甲醇、醋酸、水作流动相,流量、浓度线性梯度洗脱,柱温30℃等色谱条件,能使儿茶素组分在25min内得到理想分离。与前人研究结果比较,分辨率提高,分析时间缩短,稳定性好,灵敏度高,对于大量样品的分析有很好的适应性。     

影响黑果枸杞缩合单宁测定的因素分析

为了探讨黑果枸杞中缩合单宁的测定,采用方差分析方法研究了干燥方法、粉碎度以及提取溶剂对黑果枸杞枝叶中缩合单宁提取量的影响。结果表明各因素中主效与互作同时存在,尤其是干燥方法与提取液之间、提取液与粉碎度之间的搭配会影响最终的缩合单宁提取量。冷冻干燥、粉碎后过80￣100目筛以及用甲醇酸水溶液提取能够获得最大的提取量。     

橄榄果实发育过程中单宁变化规律研究

以鲜食橄榄‘福榄1号’、‘福榄2号’和加工橄榄‘长营’果实为试材,研究橄榄果实发育过程中单宁变化规律。结果表明:鲜食橄榄‘福榄1号’、‘福榄2号’果实总单宁、可溶性单宁含量显著低于加工橄榄‘长营’,在果实发育过程中果实总单宁、可溶性单宁含量呈下降趋势,而不溶性单宁含量呈上升趋势。橄榄果实涩味与单宁含量存在相关性;涩味与可溶性单宁含量呈极显著正相关,与不溶性单宁含量不相关。     

The effect of supplementing leaves of four tannin‐rich plant species with polyethylene glycol on digestibility and zootechnical performance of zebu bulls (Bos indicus)

The effect of supplementing leaves of four tannin‐rich plant species with polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG) on nutrient intake and digestibility as well as on weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and N retention of zebu bulls (Bos indicus) was studied. Leaves of Albizia gummifera, Grewia ferruginea, Prunus africana and Syzygium guineense, containing, respectively, 85, 55, 76 and 172 g condensed tannins (CT) per kg dry matter (DM), were combined with natural pasture hay in a ratio of 40:60 on DM basis. The four diets were fed both without and with addition of PEG, at a dose of 40 g per kg DM, to eight zebu bulls during trials of 25 days in an 8 × 8 randomized crossover design. Supplementation with PEG increased nutrient intake, digestibility, FCR, N retention and average daily gain (p < 0.01). A diet × PEG interaction was observed for nutrient intake as well as for crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibility (p < 0.05), but the effect size of PEG addition could not be attributed to the CT content as such, and also digestibility without PEG was not related to CT content of the diets. The reason why the efficacy of PEG addition did not relate to the CT content pointed the need to evaluate other factors that can help to predict the efficacy of PEG, for example, tannin type or interaction with other nutrients.     

松树皮基质发酵方案的初步探究

【目的】探索松树皮基质的较佳发酵方案。【方法】以新鲜樟子松树皮为试验基质,尿素为氮源,添加EM菌剂和木醋液进行发酵,共设置9种(M1~M9)不同发酵方案,以不添加EM菌剂和木醋液的处理为对照,分析各处理松树皮发酵温度、理化性质及木质纤维素、单宁含量的变化情况。【结果】发酵后,与对照相比,M5(C/N 30、500倍EM菌剂和500倍木醋液)、M6(C/N 70、500倍EM菌剂和500倍木醋液)和M2(C/N 30、500倍EM菌剂)3个处理的发酵温度均明显高于其他处理,且高温持续时间长,松树皮的各项理化性质均得到改善,单宁、木质纤维素含量降解幅度较大。【结论】发酵过程中,EM菌剂起关键作用,再添加木醋液可进一步加快发酵进程,提升发酵效果,初始C/N的影响仅次于EM菌剂,当其值为30~70时松树皮的发酵效果较好,M5、M6、M2处理是松树皮的较佳发酵方案。     

Preparation and antinutritional characteristics of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) protein concentrates

Protein concentrates and starches were prepared by a wet extraction process from five dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars. The protein contents ranged from 69.7–76.4%. Concentrates prepared from dehulled beans under similar conditions had higher protein contents (80.6–87.9%). Each additional washing of the concentrates with distilled water increased their protein content. However, the protein recovery progressively decreased. The yield of starch ranged from 48.0–51.1% of the starting material. The solubility of bean proteins was minimal at pH 4.0, and under alkaline conditions, it was influenced by the tannin contents of the concentrates. Protein concentrates had lower trypsin, chymotrypsin, and amylase inhibitory activities as well as lower phytic acid and tannin contents compared to whole bean flours.     

Effect of domestic processing,cooking and germination on the trypsin inhibitor activity and tannin content of faba bean (Vicia faba)

The effects of domestic processing methods like soaking for 12 h dehulling, ordinary cooking of whole as well as dehulled seeds at 151bs/inch² pressure for 15 and 25 min, and germination for 24, 36 and 48 h were observed on trypsin inhibitor (TIA) and tannin content of two varieties of faba bean viz. VH-131 and WF. A non-significant reduction in TIA was observed on soaking and dehulling, while tannins showed a reduction of 42 and 51% on soaking in VH 131 and WF, respectively. Dehulled seeds showed a decline in tannin content by 70 to 73% in two varieties. There was a significant reduction in TIA (75–76 per cent) and tannin (76–81%) on cooking, while autoclaving for 25 min almost completely eliminated both of these stress factors. Germination of seeds for 48 h led to a reduction of 64–65% in TIA and 90–91% in tannins, which was more than germination for 24 and 36 h. Soaked seeds gave positive results of both these antinutrients.     

山核桃愈伤组织诱导的初步研究

采用正交设计研究了不同植物激素配比、蔗糖质量浓度、外植体取材部位以及单宁含量等因素对山核桃组织培养中愈伤组织形成的影响。结果表明：WPM＋BA8．0mg.L^-1 IB2.0mg.L^-1 GA1.0mg.L^-1＋蔗糖30mg.L^-1是最适培养基；顶芽和第4芽段为较适宜的山核桃愈伤组织诱导的取材部位；不同芽段愈伤组织的形成率与其单宁含量不相关，而与芽段愈伤组织形成的部位有关，且随着单宁含量的减少。愈伤组织形成的部位向切口上升。选取1年生实生苗茎尖和茎段，配比合理的植激素加以诱导，可提高山核桃嫁接成活率。表5参11。     

棉酚和单宁含量与棉花对枯萎病抗性之间的关系

分析了枯萎病菌（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍｆ．ｓｐ．ｖａｓｉｎｆｅｃｔｕｍ）侵染后棉苗体内棉酚和单宁含量的变化．结果表明：①抗病品种棉苗中棉酚和单宁含量高于感病品种，根茎中含量高于叶片；②氟乐灵播前土壤处理（２μｇｇ－１土）的棉苗，叶片和根茎部组织中的棉酚含量略高于未处理组，但单宁含量无明显差异；③枯萎病菌侵染后的棉苗叶片和根茎部组织中棉酚和单宁含量均有明显上升，抗病品种的棉酚量增加早、增幅大，而感病品种棉酚量仅在后期略有增加．但抗病与感病品种在单宁含量增加上无显著差异；④经氟乐灵处理后受枯萎病菌侵染的棉苗棉酚含量显著高于未经处理的发病棉苗，但单宁含量与未处理组无差异．由此认为，棉酚可能与棉花对枯萎病的抗病性有关，而单宁则与抗病性无关