麦角酰胺产生菌Claviceps paspali的复合诱变及理性筛选

麦角酰胺是由麦角菌(Claviceps paspali)所产生的次级代谢产物,具有多种药理活性,目前已广泛用于治疗神经内分泌、脑血管系统的疾病以及产后止血,同时还作为原料用于合成其他重要药物。根据麦角酰胺的生物合成途径,以麦角酰胺产生菌HY17-3为初始菌株,经紫外诱变(UV)与甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)复合诱变后,逐步筛选出乙酸钠、5-甲基色氨酸、丁二酸、山梨醇以及麦角酸的耐受株,最终得到高产菌株HY73-9,其摇瓶发酵效价达到590μg·mL-1,与初始菌株HY17-3(300μg·mL-1)相比,麦角酰胺的产量提高了97%。通过传代实验表明该菌株的高产遗传特性稳定。发酵罐发酵(30 L)实验显示麦角酰胺的产量可达815μg·mL-1,与初始菌株HY17-3相比,产量提高了172%。研究对于利用Claviceps paspali进行麦角酰胺的工业化生产具有重要意义。     

氮肥形态和施肥水平对樱桃萝卜产量及品质的影响

采用田间试验和化学分析相结合的方法研究酰胺态氮肥(以尿素为例)和铵态氮肥(以磷酸二铵为例)不同施肥水平对樱桃萝卜产量及品质的影响,从而确定樱桃萝卜的合理施肥形态及施肥量.结果表明:2种形态氮肥相比较,铵态氮肥的产量、氨基酸含量均较高,硝酸盐含量较低,维生素C含量相近.因此,樱桃萝卜高产优质的氮肥合理施肥形态及施肥量为磷酸二铵38.3 g/m2(合26 kg/667m2)左右较为适宜.     

Cytoprotective activities of hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin against oxidative stress-induced damage in HepG2 and HaCaT cells

Hydroxycinnamic acid amides of serotonin (HCAAS) [caffeoylserotonin (compound 1), p-coumaroylserotonin (compound 2), and feruloylserotonin (compound 3)] are secondary metabolites produced in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytoprotective effects of HCAAS based on intracellular reactive oxygen radical (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, and phosphorylation of histone H2AX in H₂O₂ treated-HepG2 and HaCaT cells. We have shown that HCAAS showed various strong antioxidant activities in hydrogen peroxide treated both cell lines, suggesting that these compounds may play as chemotherapeutic agents for preventing or reducing the oxidative stress-induced diseases.     

2-甲氧亚氨基-2-(5-取代酰胺基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)乙酸甲酯的合成及抑菌活性测试

【目的】寻找新型高效的甲氧丙烯酸酯类杀菌剂。【方法】首先合成了2-甲氧亚氨基-2-(5-氨基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)乙酸甲酯,然后对其5位氨基进行酰化反应合成了8种新化合物(a~h),并采用显微熔点测定仪、红外光谱仪(IR)、质谱仪(ESI-MS)和核磁共振仪(1H-NMR)对化合物的结构进行了表征,最后以噻菌灵和嘧菌酯为阳性对照,采用生长速率法测定了化合物a~h对烟草赤星病菌、马铃薯干腐病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、棉花枯萎病菌、苹果炭疽病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌活性。【结果】合成了8种2-甲氧亚氨基-2-(5-取代酰胺基-1,2,4-噻二唑-3-基)乙酸甲酯新化合物,其结构经IR、ESI-MS1、H-NMR得到了确证。抑菌活性试验结果表明,8种新化合物对6种植物病原菌的抑菌活性均低于阳性对照,化合物f、g对6种植物病原菌有相对较高的抑菌活性。【结论】所合成的含5-取代酰胺基-1,2,4-噻二唑环的甲氧基丙烯酸酯类化合物对植物真菌的抑菌活性不够理想,有待进一步衍生筛选。     

酰胺类除草剂的安全剂研究进展

本文主要介绍了酰胺类除草剂的安全剂,综述了其研究和应用现状以及其作用机理,并对酰胺类除草剂的安全剂发展前景进行简要展望。     

两种安全剂对小麦上酰胺类除草剂的解毒作用

运用水培方法,以小麦的芽长和根长为测试指标,测定安全剂M G-191、MM COD对乙草胺等3种酰胺类除草剂的解毒作用。结果表明:M G-191、MM COD对丙草胺解毒作用明显,当丙草胺有效浓度为0.5μg.mL-1、M G-191为20μg.mL-1时,对小麦解毒效果最好,对根、芽的解毒效果分别为19.65%、15.36%,且经M G-191处理的小麦幼芽和幼根长度均超过对照;MM COD对丙草胺解毒作用与M G-191相当,有效浓度为10μg.mL-1的MM COD对0.5μg.mL-1丙草胺解毒作用最大,对根、芽的解毒效果分别为6.22%、7.12%。在最佳浓度组合下,M G-191和MM COD可使小麦幼芽生长均超过对照,小麦幼根生长接近或超过对照。M G-191对乙草胺的最佳解毒浓度组合为20μg.mL-1 0.5μg.mL-1,而MM COD对乙草胺的最佳解毒浓度组合则为5μg.mL-1 0.5μg.mL-1。MM COD和M G-191对苯噻草胺基本无解毒作用,故不能保护小麦免受苯噻草胺的伤害。     

施加PAM条件下土壤养分淋溶试验研究

通过室内模拟试验,研究了关中(?)土经PAM处理后,土壤中氮、磷、钾的淋溶状况,试验结果表明,经PAM处理后,土壤淋溶液中N,P,K累积量分别较对照减少了42.40％,43.85％和68.19％。同时,不同浓度PAM的试验结果发现,增加PAM浓度能使土壤淋溶液中N,P,K累积量进一步减少。     

漩涡辅助液液微萃取和气相色谱法分析水样中甲草胺、乙草胺和丁草胺残留

采用漩涡辅助液液微萃取技术作为前处理方法,气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器作为色谱分析仪器,建立了水样中甲草胺、乙草胺和丁草胺3种酰胺类除草剂的残留分析方法。对影响微萃取效率的各种条件进行了优化,建立的微萃取条件为:在25 mL容量瓶中,依次加入20 mL水样和50 μL甲苯,在2 800 r/min下漩涡1 min。该方法线性范围在0.02 ~5 μg/L之间,相关系数(R2)大于0.997。方法的富集倍数大于500倍。按照信噪比为3时估算的检出限在3.0~4.5 ng/L之间(纯水),方法的报告限为0.05 μg/L(自来水)和0.5 μ/L(雪水)。使用该方法进行了自来水和雪水中的添加回收试验,在0.5,0.05 μg/L添加水平,方法的添加回收率在74.2% ~96.3%之间,相对标准偏差在4.9% ~ 12.1%之间。     

花椒籽发酵做固体饲料的研究

花椒籽中含有大量蛋白质和油脂,但也含有酰胺类(麻味)物质。本文通过对实验室保藏菌种的培育和筛选,确定降解花椒酰胺类物质的菌种,并通过正交试验,将菌种在适宜条件下继续各自单独培养及混合培养。结果表明:产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)及白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)的混合菌种降解花椒酰胺类物质的效果最好。经过重复试验验证,菌种的最佳降解生长条件为:温度28℃,料液比1:1,接种量10%,时间24h。生长元素添加最佳条件为:(NH4)2SO40%,KH2PO40.2%,MgSO40.01%,葡萄糖0.5%。花椒酰胺类物质平均残留量为3.5776mg/g。     

Upregulated FAAH expression in PVN contributes to sympathoexcitation in rat with chronic heart failure

AIM: To investigate the expression of fatty-acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and its contribution to renal sympathetic nerve activity in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF). METHODS: A rat model of CHF was established by ligation of the left coronary artery to induce acute myocardial infarction. Eight weeks after ischemia, the rat model of CHF was identified by echocardiogram and histopathological observation. The plasma level of norepinephrine (NE) was detected by ELISA. The protein expression levels of FAAH in the PVN were determined by Western blot. The N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) generation in PVN was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. After microinjection of AEA, PF3845 (an FAAH inhibitor) or rAAV2-FAAH shRNA virus in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes were recorded in different experiment groups. RESULTS: Compared with the rats in sham group, the cardiac function and AEA concentration in PVN were significantly reduced, while the plasma NE level and FAAH expression in PVN were obviously increased in the CHF rats (P<0.05). After microinjecion of PF3845, AEA or rAAV2-FAAH shRNA virus in PVN, the sympathetic drive indexes were decreased significantly and the cardiac function were improved in the CHF rats. CONCLUSION: Upregulated FAAH expression in PVN may result in sympathoexcitation in the rat with CHF.