花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用

为探讨花叶滇苦菜与常见草本花卉协同生长过程中的化感作用机制,采用培养皿生物测定法,研究了花叶滇苦菜地上部（DS）和地下部（DX）不同浓度浸提液对二月兰、石竹、观赏油菜3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长的生理指标及相关酶活性、丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,以期为花卉植物大规模应用及杂草生物防治提供理论依据。结果表明：花叶滇苦菜浸提液对3种花卉种子萌发、幼苗生长均呈低浓度促进、高浓度抑制的趋势,在5 g·L^-1时2种浸提液中促进效应最大的是二月兰,其次是石竹,均在100 g·L^-1浓度下抑制效应达最大。2种浸提液提高了3种花卉幼苗的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性,二月兰、观赏油菜在50 g·L^-1时达到峰值,石竹在25 g·L^-1时达到峰值,100 g·L^-1时均高于对照组,过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均呈先升高后降低的趋势,丙二醛含量随浸提液浓度的升高而增加。石竹种子POD活性与种子发芽率呈极显著正相关;观赏油菜POD活性与茎长和根长呈显著正相关;二月兰根长与POD、CAT活性呈极显著正相关,CAT活性与茎长和发芽率呈极显著正相关。浸提液对种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用综合效应强弱依次为观赏油菜>石竹>二月兰。综上所述,浸提液对3种花卉幼苗细胞膜均具有一定的损伤作用,应尽量避免在花叶滇苦菜危害严重的地块大规模种植3种花卉或者种植前彻底清除杂草。     

银合欢落叶层对苗圃生长的森林一农田作物的他感作用(英文)

利用随机区组试验评估了孟加拉国吉大港大学苗圃内的银合欢落叶对森林作物种白格、黄金檀和农田作物种长豇豆、鹰嘴豆和木豆的他感作用。结果表明,凋落叶诱导抑制作物的萌发和生长,该抑制作用依赖于萃取物浓度、凋落物及受体物种类型。萃取物浓度越高则他感作用越强。受体植物的生长响应随应用的凋落叶而变化。低浓度(10g·m-2)凋落叶对农田作物嫩芽生长有促进作用,而其他浓度的凋落叶则呈现明显的抑制作用,施用的凋落叶浓度越大抑制作用也越大。但是不同处理所表现出的抑制趋势并不均一,根系生长受到的影响大于嫩芽。图3表4参34。     

Root exudation of diclofop-methyl and triasulfuron from foliar-treated durum wheat and ryegrass

In this study, we evaluated the release of diclofop-methyl and triasulfuron from the roots of foliar-treated ryegrass and wheat. The study with ¹⁴C-diclofop-methyl indicated a basipetal translocation of foliar-applied herbicide in wheat and ryegrass. No root exudation from ¹⁴C-diclofop-methyl-treated wheat plants was observed, while 20 days after treatment (DAT) 0.2–0.9% of radioactivity absorbed by ryegrass was found exuded in the growing medium. Root exudation was stimulated three to six times by the presence of untreated wheat or ryegrass sharing the growing medium with diclofop-methyl-treated ryegrass. No subsequent uptake of exuded radiolabel by untreated plants (ryegrass or wheat) in the same pot with ¹⁴C-diclofop-methyl-treated ryegrass was observed. The study with ¹⁴C-triasulfuron indicated a basipetal translocation of foliar-applied herbicide in wheat and ryegrass and also into the growing medium. By 20 DAT, 0.5–4.2% of radioactivity absorbed by wheat or ryegrass was found exuded in the growing medium. The presence of untreated plants (wheat or ryegrass) in the same pot as triasulfuron-treated ryegrass or wheat induced exudation seven to 32 times more. The study also revealed a subsequent uptake of exuded compounds by untreated wheat or ryegrass sharing the medium of ¹⁴C-triasulfuron-treated plants. This study has demonstrated for the first time that the root exudation of exogenous compounds can be related to plant arrangement in pots. The implication is that herbicide root exudation and transfer, a form of allelopathy, could be significant in the field. A precise estimation of environmental fate, unexpected ecological side effects and residual activity of herbicides may require quantification of such exudation.     

辣椒根系分泌物的化感作用及其化感物质分析

 利用生物测定和GC-MS分析的方法，研究了辣椒根系分泌物各组分的化感作用及其优势组分的化感物质。结果表明：辣椒根系分泌物各组分对莴苣的化感作用不同，以乙醚洗脱组分的化感作用最强；对乙醚洗脱组分进行再分离，最后得出80%乙醚＋20％乙酸乙酯洗脱组分的化感作用最强；对80%乙醚＋20％乙酸乙酯洗脱组分进行GC-MS分析鉴定，确定辣椒根系分泌的主要化感物质为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸-丁基-环己烷基酯、邻苯二甲酸-丁基-异丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二叔丁酯、二苯胺、4,4’-叔丁基二苯酚、苯萘胺、邻苯二甲酸，其中，邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的含量最高。     

Allelopathic Effect of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. on Cyperus rotundus L. and Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.

The allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. (gum tree) fresh and dried leaf leachates was studied using two perennial weeds, viz. purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) and bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers) as test weeds. Aqueous leachate of fresh leaves of eucalyptus significantly suppressed the establishment of vegetative propagules and early seedling growth of the weeds. Leachate of fresh leaf cuttings had growth inhibitory effect on bermuda grass but showed growth promotion effect on purple nutsedge. Similarly the leachate of dried leaves of eucalyptus had differential influence on the growth of the two weeds. There is a possibility to harness the allelochemicals of eucalyptus leaves as herbicides for the management of these perennial weeds.     

化感作用在林业中的研究进展及应用前景

化感作用是生物界中普遍存在的一种现象 ,在林业生态系统中化感作用也是一个非常值得重视的、对林木具有重要影响的生态化学因子 .通过大量而翔实的资料阐述了化感作用在林业上的研究现状及化感物质的来源、种类、生物合成途径与研究方法 ,并展望了其在林业发展中的应用前景     

加拿大一枝黄花对土壤微生物区系的影响研究

以外来入侵杂草加拿大一枝黄花和土著种一枝黄花为研究材料,检测了这两种植物的根部土壤中微生物区系和微生物生理类群的变化。结果表明,具化感作用潜力的加拿大一枝黄花明显影响了土壤中根部微生物群落多样性。具体表现在加拿大一枝黄花根部土壤中的真菌数量低于对照土,而细菌和放线菌的数量则有增多。土著种一枝黄花对根部土壤中微生物的生长均为抑制效应。进一步分析显示,加拿大一枝黄花的根系分泌物对土壤的亚硝酸细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、硫化细菌、氨化细菌和好气性纤维素分解菌的数量具有促进作用,而对反硝化细菌、嫌气性纤维素分解菌和反硫化细菌的生长有抑制效应。据此,文中还探讨了影响外来入侵植物扩散力的生态机制。     

加拿大一枝黄花化感作用的初步研究

对外来入侵植物加拿大一枝黄花（Solidago canadenis L．）的化感作用进行了研究。结果表明，加拿大一枝黄花地上与地下部分的提取物以及根际土壤的水提取物都具有较强的化感效应，能明显抑制供试植物种子萌发和幼苗的生长，研究结果初步揭示了加拿大一枝黄花的化学入侵机制。