水分胁迫下梨、枣和葡萄叶片中甜菜碱含量的变化

 本研究表明, 在水分供应充足的条件下, 梨、枣和葡萄3 种果树叶片中均含有甜菜碱, 其中枣最高, 梨次之, 葡萄最低; 轻度水分胁迫诱导了梨成龄叶中甜菜碱水平增高将近1 倍; 枣和葡萄叶片中的甜菜碱水平对水分胁迫基本没有响应; 梨在水分胁迫下诱导的甜菜碱主要是由叶片独立合成的。     

Influence of fibre and betaine on development of the gastrointestinal tract of broilers between hatch and 14 d of age

An experiment was designed to determine the influence of fibre and betaine on the development of the intestine, liver and pancreas of broilers from hatch to 14 d of age. A total of 250-day-old Cobb 500 male broilers were allocated to 16 cages with 15 broilers each. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial design, consisting of 2 feed formulations (low and high fibre diets) and 4 levels of betaine (0, 1, 3 or 5 kg/t). At hatch, 10 birds in total were euthanised, and samples of the liver, pancreas, yolk sac and intestine were collected for reference of the analysed parameters before the start of the trial. On d 4, 9 and 14, 5 birds per cage (10 birds per treatment) were selected, euthanised and treated as the same as the birds at hatch. Villus height and width and crypt depth were determined on the duodenum samples, and absorptive area was calculated. The number of enterocytes in mitosis at the villus was determined by a positive reaction to antibody for Ki67 protein, and fused villus was evaluated visually. The relative weight of the yolk sac reduced (P < 0.05) as birds aged while the intestine and liver reached a maximum (P < 0.05) at around d 4 and the pancreas at d 9. Birds fed the high fibre diet had greater feed intake, lower relative weight of the pancreas and higher villus (P < 0.05) than birds fed the low fibre diet. Villus width increased (P < 0.05) at 4 d of age, and this was associated with fused villus. Betaine inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) villus width, increased (P < 0.05) villus size and absorptive area, and reduced (P < 0.05) the number of enterocytes with positive reaction for the antibody Ki-67. Betaine inclusion reduced the width and increased the absorptive area and the villus height of the duodenum of birds up to 14 d of age. The higher fibre diet increased feed intake and villus height, yet reduced pancreas relative weight, while not affecting body weight gain. This response was possibly due to a dilution effect of the fibre, reducing nutrient absorption and consequently stimulating villus growth to improve absorption rates.     

Stress associated with road transportation in desert sheep and goats, and the effect of pretreatment with xylazine or sodium betaine

The present work investigates some clinical, endocrinological, biochemical and haematological variables in desert sheep and goats stressed in the course of individual road transportation, and the influence thereon of pretreatment with an established anti-stressor drug, xylazine HCl, and a test compound, sodium betaine (trimethylglycine). Road transportation for 2h resulted in variable and statistically insignificant increases in heart, pulse and respiratory rates in both control and experimental animals. Transportation stress significantly increased the concentrations of plasma cortisol, and glucose, and decreased that of magnesium. The endogenous thiocyanate concentration was unaffected. The stress also insignificantly decreased the haematocrit (PCV), and the number of lymphocytes, and increased the concentration of haemoglobin. Pretreatment of sheep and goats with xylazine at a single dose of 0.01 mg/kg by the intravenous route significantly ameliorated the effects induced by the stressful stimulus. The effects of pretreatment of the two species with sodium betaine (10 mg/kg) produced variable and insignificant effects.     

Betaine suppresses carnitine palmitoyltransferase I in skeletal muscle but not in liver of finishing pigs

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary betaine supplementation on the enzyme activity and mRNA abundance for carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in liver and skeletal muscle of finishing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred barrows and gilts [Duroc × (Seghers × Seghers)] weighing about 55 kg were divided into two dietary treatments, each with three replicates of eight pigs (four barrows and four gilts) per replicate. Pigs were fed a corn–soybean meal basal diet supplemented with betaine at 0 or 1250 mg/kg feed for 42 days. At trial termination, two pigs (one barrow and one gilt) weighing about 90 kg were selected from each replicate (six pigs per dietary treatment) and slaughtered for analyses. The results showed that intramuscular fat content in the longissimus muscle of pigs fed betaine was 23.6% higher than that of controls (P < 0.05), whereas hepatic fat content was not affected with dietary betaine treatment. Muscle-type CPT I (M-CPT I) activity, but not liver-type CPT I (L-CPT I) activity was decreased by betaine supplementation. Furthermore, betaine supplementation reduced M-CPT I mRNA abundance by 14.6% (P < 0.05) but did not affect L-CPT I mRNA abundance. There was a positive correlation between enzyme activity and mRNA abundance for both L-CPT I and M-CPT I (r = 0.67 and r = 0.72 for L-CPT I and M-CPT I, respectively; P < 0.05). The study suggests that betaine may be involved in fat partitioning in pigs by reducing the activity and mRNA abundance of M-CPT I, with a resultant increase in intramuscular fat content.     

土壤生态因子与宁夏枸杞中甜菜碱含量变化的关系

以宁夏枸杞的主栽品种宁杞1号为材料,于2004年7月采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定了同心、中宁、惠农、园林场四个产地的宁夏枸杞中甜菜碱的含量并进行了比较。通过对宁夏枸杞果实中甜菜碱含量与产地土壤理化因子分析,研究不同产地土壤理化因子对枸杞有效成分甜菜碱含量的影响。结果表明：宁夏四个主要产地的宁夏枸杞中甜菜碱含量差异显著,其中中宁含量最高,惠农含量最低;四个产地宁夏枸杞中甜菜碱含量与肥力因子中的速效磷和速效钾有显著正相关,与有机质无显著相关性;宁夏枸杞中甜菜碱含量与土壤盐分含量呈正相关。     

季节变化对梭梭生理特性的影响

[目的]研究季节变化对梭梭生理特性的影响,为植被恢复提供理论依据.[方法]在梭梭生长季(3 ～ 10月份),对阿拉善荒漠东缘梭梭进行采集,测定梭梭体内脱落酸、海藻糖、脯氨酸、甜菜碱含量,并进行相关性分析.[结果]结果表明:梭梭体内脱落酸含量在9月份达到最高,在7月份达到最低;梭梭叶片海藻糖含量在5月份、9月份较大;7月份,甜菜碱在植物体内大量积累;梭梭叶片脯氨酸含量在3月份达到最大.梭梭脱落酸含量与甜菜碱含量呈显著负相关(相关系数-0.596);梭梭脯氨酸含量随着体内脱落酸含量的变化不明显;植物体内海藻糖含量对植物体内脯氨酸含量无显著性影响;梭梭随植物体内海藻糖含量的变化甜菜碱含量变化不明显.[结论]梭梭在受到环境胁迫时,体内积累了大量海藻糖、脯氨酸和甜菜碱以应对外界不良环境,但其生理功能不同.     

甲基氨基酸对肥育猪生长性能和生长激素本关指标的影响

饲粮中添加50mg/kg N－甲基天冬氨酸（NMA）和1750mg/kg甜菜碱均明显加速了肥育猪生长，改善了胴体组成，并显著提高了肥育猪血清内源性GH和IGF－I水平，相关性分析表明，两种物质引起的内源性GH变化与猪的生长性能与胴体组成及血清尿素氮、游离脂肪酸和脂肪酶，呈现极强相关性（P＜0.01），IGF－I亦呈现相似相关性。由此可见，通过添加这两种物质可以提高血清中内源性GH水平，从而促进了猪生长，改善胴体组成。     

枸杞甜菜碱含量测定方法的比较研究

通过比较分光光度法和高效液相色谱法测定枸杞甜菜碱含量,以确定适宜的甜菜碱含量测定方法。试验采用甲醇加热回流提取枸杞甜菜碱,分光光度法和NH2柱未经衍生高效液相色谱法分别测定甜菜碱含量。结果表明,NH2柱未经衍生高效液相色谱法快速、简便、重复性好,所测甜菜碱含量明显高于分光光度法。试验认为,NH2柱未经衍生高效液相色谱法能快速准确地测定枸杞甜菜碱含量,可用于枸杞的质量控制。     

盐胁迫下转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因水稻幼苗耐盐生理的研究

在NaCl浓度0，3．0，5．0，7．0g／L下，对转甜菜碱醛脱氢酶(BADH)基因水稻的两个品系51—22，52—7及其受体亲本中花8号进行幼苗耐盐性试验。结果表明：转BADH基因水稻比其受体亲本耐盐性强，在高NaCl浓度(5．0，7．0g／L)胁迫下，甜菜碱醛脱氢酶基因可以提高盐胁迫下水稻幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性，提高根系活力和叶绿素含量，稳定细胞膜的透性，降低植株体内Na^ 的积累，从而减轻幼苗受盐害的程度。盐胁迫下水稻幼苗的CAT活性、SNa^ ／K^ 、叶Na^ ／K^ 、叶绿素含量是影响幼苗生长的主要生理指标。     

甜菜碱促进肉鸭生长的作用机理

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉用仔雌鸭864只,随机分成6个组(每组设6个重复),参试各组按两个剂量水平(0、0.05%)的甜菜碱和三个剂量水平(0、0.06%和0.12%)的蛋氨酸分别组合添加进行2×3析因法设计。研究结果表明,在蛋氨酸相对缺乏的饲料中甜菜碱能高效替代蛋氨酸,甜菜碱比蛋氨酸对改善屠体品质更有效,甜菜碱和蛋氨酸在增重、料重比、胸肌率、腹脂率、肝脏中甜菜碱-高半胱氨酸S-甲基转移酶(BHMT)酶活性和胸肌中肉碱含量上无明显互作效应。结果揭示,甜菜碱可能通过增强甲基代谢,加强了肉碱合成,促进了长链脂肪酸的β-氧化从而达到促进生长,改善胴体的组成。