Genetic Diversity Analysis of Shaanxi Moschus berezovskii Based on mtDNA Cytb Gene and D-loop Region Sequence

【Objective】 This study was aimed to explore the genetic diversity of Shaanxi Moschus berezovskii population,and understand the genetic information of Moschus berezovskii.【Method】 The hair of Moschus berezovskii was collected to extract DNA,the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) cytochrome b(Cytb) gene and D-loop sequences of 43 Moschus berezovskii individuals were determined,and the base composition was counted.All sequences were integrated and compared using ClustalX 2.0 software to obtain nucleotide polymorphic sites (SNPs) in the population.The nucleotide diversity (Pi),number of haplotype (H),haplotype diversity (Hd) and average number of nucleotide differences (K) were calculated by DNASP 5.10 software.The genetic distance among different haplotypes of Cytb gene and D-loop sequences was calculated by Mega 7.0 software,and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was constructed.【Result】 The AT content of Cytb gene and D-loop region were higher than GC content,indicating there was bias in base composition.There were 241 and 383 SNPs of Cytb gene and D-loop region,respectively.The nucleotide diversity of Cytb gene and D-loop region were 0.28343 and 0.07707,and the haplotype diversity was 0.983 and 0.975,respectively,indicating that the population genetic diversity was rich.The genetic distances of 35 haplotypes of Cytb gene ranged from 0.002 to 0.831,and 29 haplotypes of D-loop region ranged from 0.006 to 1.342.The phylogenetic tree showed that there were two mitochondrial lineages,indicating that there were two mitochondrial maternal origins.The evolutionary analysis of D-loop region also supported this conclusion.【Conclusion】 The nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity of Moschus berezovskii population were high,and the genetic diversity was rich.At the same time further supported the view of Moschus berezovskii and Moshus moschiferus belonged to a branch of the view.     

化隆县林麝养殖现状及建议

本文概述了化隆县林麝人工养殖现状，并针对当前存在的问题，提出了相关的解决措施和产业发展建议。     

林麝泌尿系统结石的病因、症状及预防

对陕西省14家林麝养殖场的211只仔麝进行泌尿系统结石病的调查，共发现5例病例，全部为雄性，雄麝发病率4.9%，治愈一只，治愈率仅20%。总结了此病的发病原因，对其预防和治疗提出了一些建议。     

林麝养殖管理信息化系统构建及思考

麝香是名贵中药材，来源于国家一级保护动物林麝等麝科动物，国家政策鼓励开展人工养殖林麝以解决天然麝香来源问题。近年来，林麝养殖行业已发展到规模化养殖阶段，但传统的养殖管理模式存在着技术互相封锁、缺乏种源交流、管理效率低下等问题，已经不能满足现阶段林麝养殖行业发展的需求，迫切需要通过现代信息化技术提升行业管理效率。为此，通过分析林麝养殖现状和存在问题，就构建林麝养殖管理信息化系统所需的信息化管理系统架构、物联网数据采集设备和可视化终端设备的选择，以及相关功能模块的开发进行了深入的探讨，为推进林麝养殖行业信息化进程提供参考。     

珍稀药用动物仔幼林麝饲养管理

哺乳期仔麝和断乳后幼麝阶段饲养管理是提高仔幼麝成活率和培育成增重快、发育好的种用麝及产香麝的重要环节，体现着麝群生产水平高低和麝场的生产效益。基于生产实践数据及经验积累，从仔麝出生时间、行为学、适时断乳及方式和奶草过渡等方面对其饲养管理关键点及技术措施进行了比较分析与阐述，归纳、提出了仔幼麝饲养管理中一些可行的新生产技术措施，提升仔幼麝阶段的管护水平，为提高仔幼麝成活率和麝群整体质量发展提供参考。     

林麝粪便孕酮提取方法的改进

粪便孕酮水平是预测哺乳动物妊娠的重要激素之一，为了真实反映林麝粪便孕酮水平，提高妊娠检测的准确率，以林麝粪便为研究对象，用不同的方法进行抽提，并用酶联免疫吸附分析(ELISA)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)进行检测。结果表明：振荡可显著提高孕酮的溶解效率(P<0.05);平皿蒸干速度快，但孕酮损耗大(P<0.05);1 mL甲醇溶解粪便提取物后，再用0.1 mL甲醇溶解可显著减少高效液相色谱中的杂带，但不影响其检测效率(P>0.05)。结果证明，改进后的方法可提高ELISA和高效液相色谱检测效率，为后续林麝和其他动物的孕酮检测提供参考。     

林麝分布区可饲用野生植物叶营养价值综合评价方法的探索

为有效利用林麝分布区可饲野生植物资源、拓展多指标综合评价法在麝饲料营养价值中的应用。以林麝分布区常见野生植物叶概略养分粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物及粗灰分5项养分含量为评价指标，基于Z值法、主成分法、Topsis法及熵值系数法等多指标评价模型评价不同植物叶营养价值，并对4种评价结果进行二次综合评价。结果显示4种评价方法获得植物营养价值优劣总体具有一定的相似性，如细齿樱桃营养价值均最高，部分植物营养价值高低存在一定差异，个别植物营养价值评价结果差异较大；二次综合评价结果优劣排序为细齿樱桃(Cerasus serrula)>薄叶铁线莲(Clematis gracilifolia)>藜(Chenopodium album)、白桦(Betula platyphylla)>梾木(Cornus macrophylla)>高丛珍珠梅(Sorbaria arborea)>美花铁线莲(Clematis potaninii)>楤木(Aralia chinensis)>红桦(Betula albo-sinensis)>陇东海棠(Clematis gra...