杨始叶螨滞育研究

杨始叶螨Ｅｏｔｅｔｒａｎｙｃｈｕｓｐｏｐｕｌｉ（Ｋｏｃｈ）是危害杨、柳科植物的重要害螨。研究结果表明，该螨以受精雌成螨滞育，为长日照（１３ｈ／ｄ以上）发育，短日照（１１ｈ／ｄ）滞育型；临界光照时间为１２ｈ／ｄ左右；光周期感应螨态为幼螨→第一若螨→第二若螨的连续２个发育阶段。在相同短日照（１０ｈ／ｄ）下，较低温度（２１℃以下）促进滞育，较高温度（２５℃）抑制滞育。     

甘蓝型油菜CO 同源基因功能初步研究

CONSTANS（CO）基因是植物光周期途径中重要的转录调控因子。为了探究甘蓝型油菜CO 同源基因的 功能，以拟南芥CO 基因的CDS序列为参考序列，从甘蓝型油菜品种Westar的cDNA中分离得到CO 的两个同源基因 （基因编号：BnaC09g41990D 和BnaA10g18430D），命名为BnaC09CO 和BnaA10CO。构建双35S超表达载体转化哥 伦比亚拟南芥，得到超表达转基因株系，观察表型并进行定量分析。结果表明超表达转基因株系的开花时间比野 生型早3~5 d，BnaC09CO、BnaA10CO、FT 与SOC1 表达量较野生型显著升高。说明在长日照条件下甘蓝型油菜 BnaC09CO 和BnaA10CO 基因起到了与CO 基因类似的作用，能够引起拟南芥FT 和SOC1 的上调表达，从而促进拟南 芥的开花。     

光照对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素含量影响的研究

为探讨光照对纤细裸藻的生长以及光合色素含量的影响,将纤细裸藻分别置于不同光照度(0、1500、3000、4500、6000 lx)、光照周期(16L∶8D、14L∶10D、12L∶12D、10L∶14D、8L∶16D)、光质(绿光495~530 nm、蓝光450~480 nm、红光615~650 nm、白光450~465 nm、黄光580~595 nm)条件下于恒温光照培养箱中静置培养,进行细胞密度以及色素含量的测定。试验结果显示,光照度、光照周期和光质对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素质量浓度有显著影响( P <0.05)。光照度1500、3000、4500 lx对纤细裸藻的生长均有积极作用,其中3000 lx光照度作用最为显著,细胞生长状态良好,光合色素质量浓度也高于1500、4500 lx;光照周期16L∶8D、14L∶10D和12L∶12D对纤细裸藻的生长有促进作用,其中14L∶10D组生长状况和光合色素质量浓度均优于其他处理组,8L∶16D组使纤细裸藻的生长受到抑制,其色素质量浓度也显著低于其他处理组( P <0.05);蓝光与白光组对纤细裸藻生长有显著促进作用( P <0.05),蓝光条件下色素质量浓度达到最高,更利于光合色素的积累。试验结果表明,适宜纤细裸藻生长及光合色素积累的光照条件为:光照度3000 lx,光照周期14L∶10D,蓝光培养。     

Cold treatment modifies the photoperiodic flowering response of Lobelia×speciosa

Lobelia×speciosa Sweet ‘Compliment Scarlet' was grown under a range of photoperiods and low temperature treatments to determine their effects on flowering. In the first experiment, plants were held at 5°C for 0 or 15 weeks, then grown at 20°C under the following photoperiods: 10, 12, 14, 16, or 24 h of continual light or 9 h with a 4 h night interruption (NI). Non-cooled ‘Compliment Scarlet' flowered as a qualitative long-day plant (LDP) with a minimum flowering photoperiod of 14 h. Following cold, flowering was quantitative with respect to photoperiod, until ≈14.2 h, when the calculated rate of progress toward flowering reached a plateau. In cooled plants, node number below the inflorescence decreased from 27 to 16 as the photoperiod increased from 10 to 24 h. Cooled plants developed 61–149% more flowers and were ≥17% taller than non-cooled ones under the same photoperiod. To determine the cold duration required for flowering under short days (SD), plants were held at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 weeks at 5°C then grown at 20°C under SD (9 h photoperiod) or long days (9 h photoperiod with a 4 h NI). Under SD, few plants flowered after ≤6 weeks of cold. As cold treatment increased from 9 to 15 weeks, flowering percentage increased, time to flower decreased from 93 to 64 days, and node count decreased from 24 to 13. Cold treatment did not affect flowering percentage or time under NI, but plants always had more flowers and were taller than reproductive ones under 9 h day lengths. Thus, ‘Compliment Scarlet', is a qualitative LDP, but an extended cold treatment can partially substitute for the long day (LD) photoperiodic requirement.     

光周期和温度对美凤蝶幼虫发育历期的影响

观察了人工气候箱中不同光周期和温度条件下美凤蝶幼虫生长发育.结果表明:光周期和温度对美凤蝶幼虫发育历期影响明显;在相同温度下,不同光周期下幼虫历期差异明显;在20℃12～14 h,25℃11～15 h、30℃11～15 h光照下,历期分别为39.3～48.5、25.4～36、19.6 29 d,最长和最短历期分别相差9.2、10.6、9.6 d.随着温度升高,在相同光照下,幼虫发育历期缩短;在12.0、12.5、13.0、13.5、14.0 h光照下,幼虫发育起点温度分别为13.6、13.3、9.2、12.2、7.5℃,有效积温分别为332.7、340.5.372.1、350.9,475.4日度;光周期对幼虫的发育起点温度和有效积温有一定影响.     

温周对马尾松毛虫光照周期反应的影响*

在恒温和变温条件下，进行了马尾松毛虫的光照周期试验，平均温度为２７．５℃，恒温与变温的临界光周值分别为１３ｈ３３ｍｉｎ和１３ｈ４６ｍｉｎ，肯定了温周对马尾松毛虫光照周期反应的影响。章还结合作在江西使用临界分化日方法预测当地马尾松毛虫二、三代分化的实例，强调了温周，特别是温、光联合效应，在生产实践中对马尾松毛虫生长发育的重要性。     

Breeding plans in case of global warming

Summary Many cultivated crop plants of temperate and cool temperate zones have during their domestication been transferred far from their original habitats and been distributed over a wide range of climates. In general crop plants seem to possess potential to climatic adaptation. Processes in the past have taken hundreds or thousands of years and over large number of generations. The concern on the velocity of the expected global warming and of subsequent changes in other factors justifies planning of breeding for global warming. Perennial plants, forest trees in particular are more at the focal point than annual plants. Most agricultural annuals may be replaced any year with another cultivar or species better adapted to contemporary circumstances. Trees need tens of years to reach commercial dimensions or fructiferous age.Capriciousness is the main problem of climate change. Large variation of temperature, precipitation among years actually masks the gradual change of average values. The amplitude of variation among years exceeds the predicted average change. Thus, plasticity of individuals besides within population variation in adaptive traits is a corner stone of breeding plans. From the ecological point of view two factors are significant: 1. mild winters may interfere dormancy release and frost tolerance, and also alter host-parasite relationships. 2. The timing of thermal seasons will change in relation to photoperiod. This phenomenon is most prominent in the far north, where the relative warming is largest and the photoperiodic pattern steepest. Even though perennial plants display potential of acclimatization, selection and breeding are eligible measures to improve productivity. As long as the magnitude and velocity of the global warming remain uncertain, it is impossible to set specified aims to breeding. The only reasonable method is to run parallelly several lines with differing patterns of adaptive traits. Multiple population breeding system (MPBS) seems to be tailored to this purpose.     

玉米光周期反应的敏感时期研究

采用长日照15h、短日照9h和长短日照相互挪移处理玉米自交系黄早4和CML288,利用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察了玉米茎尖的形态变化,调查了玉米的主茎叶片数、抽雄散粉期和吐丝期等主要生育性状.结果表明,短日照能促进玉米茎端分生组织向生殖生长转化,促进开花,减少玉米的主茎叶片数,缩短玉米的生育期,而长日照则相反;当从短日照挪移到长日照时,黄早4在第五和第六片展开叶之间、CML288在第六和第七片展开叶之间的挪移,玉米的主茎叶片数突然减少,同时在短日照条件下黄早4和CML288的茎端分生组织也分别在第五和第六片展开叶、第六和第七片展开叶之间发生了形态变化,茎端生长锥伸长变成圆锥体开始花的发育,而当从长日照挪移到短日照时,玉米的主茎叶片数呈现连续性变化,因此光周期诱导玉米开花的敏感时期因光照条件和品种有一定差异,长日照条件下玉米的光周期反应不敏感,短日照条件下光周期诱导的敏感时期黄早4在第五和第六片展开叶之间,CML288在第六和第七片展开叶之间.     

Early season short-day treatment did not affect the field performance of Pinus sylvestris container seedlings in summer planting

Abstract

When Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings are short-day (SD) treated in May or early June, height growth ceases but seedlings reflush within a few weeks and grow secondary needles (later referred to as early SD treatment). These “2-year-old-like” seedlings have been thought to be more stress tolerant than traditional 1-year-old pine seedlings, and thus suitable for summer and autumn plantings. To test this, seedlings sown in April were early SD treated over a 3-week period from the beginning of June and the seedlings were planted at 10-day intervals from the beginning of July until the end of September, and also during the following spring. Neither survival nor height growth of early SD-treated seedlings differed from untreated (1-year-old) seedlings. Moreover, for both early SD-treated seedlings and 1-year-old seedlings, those planted in summer grew and survived better after planting but had more multiple leaders than seedlings planted in autumn or spring.     

光照和埋植褪黑激素对绒山羊相关激素分泌的影响

本试验旨在研究光照和褪黑激素对绒山羊内分泌的影响。本文采用随机区组试验的方法,把36只绒山羊平均分成3组,分别进行长光照(16L:8D)、自然光照(12.37hL)和短光照(8L:16D)处理,每种光照下一半埋植动物褪黑素,分别检测血液激素水平。结果表明:光照类型对绒山羊的激素分泌有显著的影响,长光照对催乳素(PRL)、类胰岛素促生长因子I(IGF-I)有促进作用,对褪黑素(MT)、胰岛素(INS)有抑制作用;短光照对催乳素(PRL)、IGF-I有抑制作用,对MT、INS有促进作用。埋植褪黑素后,在各种光照条件下对PRL、IGF-I均有抑制作用;INS在短光照+MT组降低,在自然光照+MT和长光照+MT组升高。这些都表明,几种激素在一天之内随着时间(光照)的变化而呈现不同程度的波动变化。