多主棒孢菌在黄瓜、番茄和茄子寄主上致病力的分化

 对从山东、辽宁和北京蔬菜栽培地采集的黄瓜、番茄及茄子发病组织上分离的31株多主棒孢菌,和从海南橡胶上分离的10株多主棒孢菌,采用喷雾接种的方法,测定其在盆栽黄瓜、番茄和茄子上的致病力。试验结果表明,不同寄主来源菌株的致病力间存在明显的差异,寄主来源同致病力分化之间具有显著的相关性,从而证明多主棒孢菌的种内菌株存在寄主专化性的特征。相同寄主和相同地理来源的病原菌群体中致病力也存在强、中、弱的差异,说明多主棒孢菌具有明显的致病力分化现象。     

瓜类细菌性果斑病菌过敏性反应和致病性(hrp)基因簇部分基因的克隆及功能分析

过敏性反应和致病性(hrp)基因存在于革兰氏阴性植物病原细菌中,决定病原细菌对寄主植物致病性和诱导非寄主及抗病植物过敏性反应(hypersensitive response,HR)。本研究从果斑菌(Acidovorax avenaesub sp.citrulli)的hrp基因簇中克隆了hpaA、hrcT、hrcC和hrpG基因,通过同源重组的方法,分别构建了其突变体。电镜观察发现,hpaA和hrpG基因突变体的鞭毛缺失且细胞形态发生显著变化,而hrcT和hrcC基因突变体的鞭毛和细胞形态未发生明显变化。在烟草(Nicotiana tabacam)和哈密瓜(Hami cantaloupe)叶片上的测定结果显示,hpaA、hrcT和hrcC的突变体均失去在烟草上的HR激发能力和在哈密瓜叶片上的致病性;hrpG在烟草上的HR激发能力和在哈密瓜上的致病性则显著减弱;进一步的生长曲线测定结果表明,hpaA、hrcT、hrcC和hrpG的突变体的定殖能力均显著下降。相应地,功能互补后突变体基本恢复至野生表型。证明瓜类细菌性果斑病菌hrp基因作为Ⅲ型分泌系统关键组份影响病原细菌对寄主植物的致病性和对非寄主及抗病植物的过敏性...     

棉花黄萎病菌致病的分子机理

阐述了大丽轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb)产生的细胞壁降解酶、蛋白酶和毒素在致病中的作用及微菌核形成机制,全面分析了基因组学途径、RNA干涉和农杆菌介导的转化等真菌功能基因组学技术在大丽轮枝菌致病分子机理研究上的进展.     

猪源缓慢葡萄球菌的分离鉴定及致病性研究

某猪场发生一种高发病率、高死亡率的传染病。本研究从该场濒死猪只的心脏血液及肺脏中分离出1株细菌,经镜检、菌落形态观察、培养特性观察及法国生物梅里埃API鉴定系统鉴定,确定该分离菌株为缓慢葡萄球菌。药敏试验表明该菌对多种药物具耐药性,但对氟哌酸、红霉素和强力霉素等敏感;致病性试验表明,分离菌可以引起实验小鼠的慢性死亡,猪只腹腔注射可复制病例,表明缓慢葡萄球菌具有致病性并很可能会对公共卫生安全具有潜在威胁。     

A型流感病毒跨种传播和致病性相关蛋白研究进展

A型流感病毒是重要的人和动物病原体,每年都会在人群中引发季节性流感流行,偶尔还会引发全球流感大流行,对公共卫生安全构成严重威胁.研究发现,A型流感病毒的跨种传播与该病毒的多个蛋白有关,其中血凝素是该病毒宿主范围的主要限制因素,但聚合酶蛋白和非结构蛋白1(NS1)的作用也不容忽视.A型流感病毒通过不断地适应各类宿主和长期...     

The yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys), a potential threat to potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in West Africa

Potato (Solanum tuberosum) production in Africa is rapidly expanding and becoming increasingly important. As its geographical production range broadens, so does its potential to host new pests and diseases. Following the discovery that potato can be affected by Scutellonema bradys, further studies were undertaken to assess its potential pathogenicity on potato under screenhouse and field conditions, and on marketed tubers. Potato plants inoculated with S. bradys produced tubers with substantial cracking and evident tuber rot, compared with tubers from uninoculated plants. Symptoms of nematode infection on tubers included a scaly appearance, surface cracking as well as deeper tissue cracks, distortions, and darkened surface patches. In most cases these patches were related to sub‐surface rot. Nematodes were recovered from the soil, roots and tubers of inoculated plants. Eight weeks after inoculation, the reproduction factor of the nematode was greatest (2·0) at the lowest inoculation rate assessed (1000 nematodes per 2·5‐L pot) and least (0·4) at the highest inoculation rate (5000 nematodes per pot). In the screenhouse, potato tuber weights were low and mostly unaffected by nematode inoculation rate, except at 5000 nematodes per pot. In the field, non‐inoculated plants yielded over nine times more tubers than plants inoculated with 2000 S. bradys. Low densities of S. bradys were also recovered from 10 of 15 (67%) samples collected from market stalls, indicating field infection. This study confirms that potato can host and be damaged by S. bradys, raising its prospect as a likely significant biotic constraint to the crop.     

Isolation and Pathogenicity Analyses onYersinia enterocoliticafrom Pelteobagrus vachelli

Yersinia enterocolitica is an important zoonotic pathogen that can induce disease outbreaks in a wide host range. Strain YER6022 was isolated from Pelteobagrus vachelli and identified using bacterial morphology and 16 SrDNA sequence analysis. Five virulence factors were detected, then artificial infection experiment and histopathological method were carried out. These results showed that strain YER6022 was one of Y. enterocolitica family members. In addition, ail, ystb, vir F, yad A and HPIint were dectected. In artificial infection experiment, with 80% mortality and 100% morbidity, injected Pelteobagrus vachellis showed red swollen of the anus, abdomen swelling and fim bleeding. There existed serious hyperaemia and edema in kidney, spleen, intestine and liver at the light microscope. Ultrastructural observation indicated that mitochondria of the liver, kidney, spleen and intestine swelled and mitochondrial cristae broke. The data had further shed light on its pathogenicity in Pelteobagrus vachelli. It would benefit for further studies on pathogenesis of Pelteobagrus vachelli infected with Y. enterocolitica.     

马铃薯晚疫病菌卵孢子菌系的繁育及生物学特性研究

对马铃薯晚疫病菌[Phytophthorainfestans(Mont.)deBary]卵孢子形成的影响因素及卵孢子菌系生物学特性进行研究。卵孢子形成的影响因素试验结果表明:在黑麦A培养基中卵孢子产生的量最多,其次是燕麦培养基,V8培养基最少,在Mira品种上卵孢子产生量最多,而在PB06上只有少量产生,在10℃下产生卵孢子的量最多,15℃最少。用液体培养基产生的卵孢子悬浮液涂于黑麦A抗菌素培养基或直接挑单卵孢子培养于黑麦A抗菌素培养基上,获得单卵孢子菌落,继续培养获得单卵孢子菌系。以A1和A2孢子囊等量混合制成悬浮液,接种于Mira叶片上,获得卵孢子群,经穿薯片培养获得卵孢子群菌系。将获得的单卵孢子菌系和卵孢子群菌系进行交配型、抗药性和致病性测定,结果表明:所测的18个卵孢子菌株中,有17个为A2交配型,1个为A1交配型;占75%的卵孢子菌株对甲霜灵表现为中抗,25%的表现为抗性;对非水平抗性品种表现为较强的致病性,而对水平抗性品种的致病性较弱,不同的卵孢子菌系的致病性表现较明显的差异。     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.