Behavior of nitrogen in the media supplied with the aqueous phase produced by methane fermentation as liquid fertilizer

pp. 859–864
Behavior of nitrogen in the media was investigated when the aqueous phase produced by methane fermentation was supplied as liquid fertilizer.
When the aqueous phase was supplied to masa-soil,      included in masa-soil was nitrified to      . Additionally, in masa-soil,       absorption was observed. On the other hand, in the case of coconut fiber and rockwool,     has been hardly nitrified. From above results, it was determined that       toxic effect from the aqueous phase on tomato plants growth was inhibited by means of the progress of nitrification and       absorption by masa-soil.
  However, nitrification was restrained so that       was fixed in masa-soil. On the other hand, in the sampled field soil,       was not fixed, and was nitrified immediately. In the field soil, there was a great deal of generated      . In comparison with masa-soil.     

菠菜和油菜对铜的吸收及化学结合形态研究

以菠菜和油菜为供试材料，采用盆栽试验的方法，研究菠菜和油菜对微量元素铜的吸收规律及其体内铜的不同化学结合形态的差异。结果表明：在铜处理浓度不超过160mg／kg土时，随铜处理浓度的增加，菠菜对铜的吸收呈先升后降的趋势．而油菜对铜的吸收却随铜处理浓度的升高而一直保持增加的趋势。在菠菜和油菜的不同生长时期，均以中期对铜的吸收量大于收获期的吸收量。铜在菠菜和油菜体内的化学结合形态，菠菜是以活性较高的水溶态为主，油菜则以活性较低的残余态为主。     

UV-B增强对菠菜生长发育和生理特性的影响

采用大田栽培试验方法在自然光条件下，研究了模拟紫外辐射UV—B增强对菠菜生长发育的影响。分析结果表明，随着UV—B辐射的增加，菠菜的干重、叶面积、绿叶数、株高生长均呈降低趋势，而且UV—B越强，降低程度越大；UV—B辐射增加，菠菜叶片类黄酮含量增加，叶绿素含量降低，蒸腾速率减小，光合作用减弱。     

菠菜种子发芽的初步研究

本文针对不同菠菜品种、不同成熟度、不同繁殖地区、不同年份繁殖的种子进行发芽研究指出:不同菠菜品种种子的休眠深度是不同的,宁夏园叶、联合1号休眠较深;而联合11号几乎无休眠期。同一品种不同成熟度的种子,以嫩籽发芽势高,但发芽率差异不大。不同地区繁殖的种子,以品种而定,联合1号在上海繁殖的种子其发芽势、出苗速度远比宁夏繁殖的要高、要快,而联合11号品种则差异不显著。不同品种在上海常规贮藏,第二年发芽率有极大差异,联合1号品种通过贮藏可提高发芽势和发芽率,而2号品种贮藏一年后基本丧失发芽率。不同菠菜品种,对处理的敏感性各异,种子加温(60℃)处理,或用0.1％KNO_3,浸种,能有效地打破联合1号种子的休眠而提高发芽率,但对联合11号无显著效果。低温(10～15℃)有利于菠菜种子的发芽,而在高温下发芽均很差。     

化学药剂处理对蕹菜种子发芽的影响

采用培养皿发芽法,研究了化学药剂处理对蕹菜种子发芽的影响。结果表明,GA3 Ca2 混合液处理蕹菜种子,对促进种子发芽和提高种子活力表现加成作用,以50 g/L GA3 5mmol/L Ca2 处理较为适宜。蕹菜种子经稀盐酸预处理1 h后,以100 mg/L GA3浸种处理,可明显提高种子发芽势和活力指数,促进种子发芽。用30~50 mmol/L的低浓度NaCl胁迫处理蕹菜种子,能提高种子发芽率,但随着NaCl胁迫浓度的增大,对发芽抑制作用明显增强。低浓度(0.05%~0.07%)ZnSO4浸种可促进种子发芽,高浓度(>0.09%)则抑制种子发芽。     

海藻叶面肥对菠菜和不结球白菜产量和品质的影响

海藻叶面肥是以海藻为原料,经不同加工工艺制成的一类叶面肥品种。采用塑料大棚和露地种植方式,研究了8种海藻叶面肥对菠菜和不结球白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明,8种海藻叶面肥对菠菜和不结球白菜都有不同程度的增产效果,大多数叶面肥增产10%以上,其中增产效果最明显的是海带浆型叶面肥,其次是甘露醇型和赤霉素型叶面肥。叶面喷施海藻叶面肥对菠菜和不结球白菜中的可溶性蛋白基本没有影响,可明显提高其可溶性糖和Vc含量,降低其硝酸盐含量。     

菠菜的活体保鲜研究

以市售菠菜为试材,结合鲜花插枝保鲜原理,研究降低贮藏温度和补充必要的水分和养分对菠菜贮藏保鲜的影响.结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组菠菜在贮藏期间含水量、维生素C、叶绿素、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、亚硝酸盐含量下降较为缓慢.说明及时补充水分和养分可以减少菠菜保鲜过程中的水分、养分流失,且该方法是安全可行的.     

模拟加工对菠菜中农药残留量及膳食暴露评估的影响

采用田间喷药、室内模拟加工和气相色谱检测方法,研究了水洗、漂烫和烘干处理对菠菜中毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯残留量的影响。结果表明:在田间推荐剂量下,当毒死蜱、氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的有效成分用量分别为0.038 8、0.001和0.01 g/m2时,经水洗和漂烫处理,菠菜中上述3种农药的残留量分别降低22.6%、53.8%和50.8%;而加倍剂量处理时,则分别降低8.5%、61.4%和40.2%;烘干处理对毒死蜱的去除作用大于50%,但对氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的去除作用仅为10%左右。对新鲜菠菜和干制菠菜的农药残留量进行膳食暴露评估的结果表明,合理的加工方式可以降低农药膳食摄入估计量的62.1%~76.7%。研究结果表明:毒死蜱的残留受水洗和漂烫影响较小,受烘干影响较大;而氯氰菊酯和氰戊菊酯的残留受水洗与漂烫影响较大,受烘干影响较小;引入加工因子后膳食暴露评估结果更接近真实值。     

外源钙对盐胁迫下菠菜生理特性的影响

设计不同浓度的Ca Cl2溶液,在对菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)盐胁迫前采用根部浇灌和叶部喷施的方法进行诱导,钙诱导5 d后,对菠菜幼苗再进行150 mmol/L NaCl溶液处理,测定其形态建成和生理生化指标。结果表明,外源钙能显著提高盐胁迫下菠菜的形态建成指标;显著增加可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量;显著提高SOD和POD活性;显著降低丙二醛(MDA)和游离脯氨酸含量。当外源钙离子浓度为30mmol/L时,其降低盐胁迫伤害效应的效果较好。     

Chemical forms of cadmium in a calcareous soil treated with different levels of phosphorus and cadmium and planted to spinach

The objective of the investigation was to evaluate the effect of applied phosphorus (P) and cadmium (Cd) on Cd chemical forms determined by sequential extraction and the relationship between these forms and plant responses, i.e., dry weights, concentration, and total uptake of Cd and P in a greenhouse experiment. Treatments consisted of five levels of Cd (5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg kg^?1 soil as cadmium sulfate) and four levels of P (0, 15, 30 and 60 mg kg^?1 soil as monocalcium phosphate), which were added to the soil and left to equilibrate for 1 month under greenhouse conditions. Spinach seeds (Spinacea oleracea L., cv Viroflay) were sown and then grown for 8 weeks. The chemical composition in the aerial part of the pant and soil was determined. Application of Cd decreased plant dry matter and increased Cd concentration in the plant, whereas at each level of applied Cd, P increased plant dry matter and decreased plant Cd concentration. All chemical forms of Cd in soil, as determined by a fractionation method, were increased following Cd application, the highest being the carbonatic form. Phosphorous application decreased exchangeable and carbonatic forms of Cd, whereas it increased other forms.