兽医微生物学研究型教学模式探讨

在兽医微生物学教学过程中,传统讲授式的教学忽视了对学生自主学习能力和创新能力的培养。为了克服传统教学的弊端,有必要开展研究型教学研究。该文对兽医微生物学课程研究型教学模式进行探讨,以期促进研究型教学模式在兽医微生物学课程中的推广。     

微生物催化转化酰胺类除草剂的生物降解模型

利用微生物降解残余农药是治理农药污染的一种有效手段。从微生物催化转化农药的机理、降解特性等方面着手,构建出微生物降解除草剂残余物的动力学模型。     

Microbiological Contamination of Reindeer Carcass During Slaughter

Microbiological counts for 10 different sampling sites of 28 reindeer carcasses were studied in 3 reindeer slaughterhouses in Finland. On each carcass the hindshank, round, abdomen, flank, brisket, foreleg, shoulder, neck, foreback and back were sampled immediately after slaughter, using a nondestructive swabbing method. The overall mean bacterial count for 10 sampling sites of reindeer carcasses was 1.51 ± 0.51 log₁₀ cfu/cm². Statistically significant differences were detected between sampling sites. The back part of the reindeer carcass, i.e. hindshank, round, back and foreback, seemed to be relatively clean. The most contaminated parts were the foreleg, brisket and abdomen (2.05–2.95 log₁₀ cfu/cm²); these could be used for monitoring the hygiene of the reindeer carcass after slaughter. Differences between the 3 slaughterhouses were detected for some sampling sites, which may be due to differences in slaughter techniques and hygiene.     

深海泥样微生物菌群分离及生理生化性质研究

从海底泥样中初步分离出24个菌株,包括真菌、细菌,从24个菌株中选出9种进行菌体形态和生理生化性质研究,将9个菌株标记为1～9号。试验结果显示:从菌体形态观察,1～7、9号菌落边缘整齐,表面湿润粘稠不透明;生理生化性质研究都有很高的耐盐性,甲基红和V-P试验中全部是阴性菌株,1、2、3、6、7、9号菌是革兰氏染色阴性菌,5、6、9号菌能水解淀粉,3～9号菌能分解尿素,1～5、7、9号菌属于兼性厌氧型菌株。根据《伯杰细菌手册》初步鉴定:1、2、3、7、9号菌属肠杆菌科埃希氏菌属;4、5号菌属乳杆菌科;6号菌属盐杆菌科盐杆菌属;8号菌属真菌。     

PBL结合案例法在微生物学教学中的应用

为了提高学生的学习兴趣和积极性,作者结合多年的教学经验和教学方法的改革,针对微生物学与人类生活紧密相连的特点,利用多媒体、结合以问题为中心的教学模式(PBL)和案例法教学等方法,显著提高了微生物学的教学效果及学生的综合素质。     

中国兽药知识产权保护问题分析与对策建议

为更好地保护和利用兽药知识产权,从现代知识产权保护规则和基本概念着手,分析了兽药知识产权保护现状和存在问题,就如何借鉴我国药品专利、行政保护、植物资源保护经验进行了探讨,提出了兽药知识产权保护、兽医微生物菌(毒、虫)种资源保护对策建议和思路,希望能为我国兽药知识产权保护工作提供参考。     

显微成像系统在动物微生物实验课教学的应用

我们将显微成像放大系统引入动物微生物学实验教学,挖掘该套系统在细菌形态及革兰氏染色标片观察中的作用。教学实践证明,显微成像放大系统不但能减轻教师的工作负荷,提高工作效率,更重要的是还能增强学生感性认识,激发理性学习。该系统在教学中应用比较成熟,可以作为一种教学方法,为动物微生物学实验课的教学改革增添新的内容。     

食品微生物实验教学中创新性思维的应用探索

微生物实验是食品科学与工程和食品质量与安全专业关键技术课程。现有的微生物实验教学没有把学生放在主动的位置,没有激起学生的创作欲望,严重缺乏创新性。为了培养高素质创新人才,通过对微生物实验教学中的诸多问题进行改革创新,目的在于改变教师陈旧的教学思维,激起学生的学习欲望,培养出能将理论和实践结合起来且符合社会和科研需要的人才。     

兽医微生物学课程教学建议

介绍了兽医微生物学课程教学过程中的一些教学建议,包括认真做好绪论和总论课的开头、调动学生的学习兴趣、重视实验教学、搞好教学科研结合等措施,以期为该课程的教学提供参考。     

A Microbiological Assessment of On-Farm Food Safety Cleaning Methods in Broiler Barns

Little is known about the effectiveness of current poultry industry cleaning and disinfection procedures in broiler barns. Surface swabs were taken from a commercial broiler barn and a research broiler barn. The swabs were analyzed to determine if cleaning and disinfectant processes used would reduce the numbers of total aerobic bacteria and the total Enterobacteriaceae on the walls of the commercial barn (Experiment 1) and on the walls and floor of the research barn (Experiment 2). Microbiological analyses were used to assess bacterial loads within each barn. In Experiment 1 the mean of total aerobic bacterial counts were not affected by the cleaning and disinfectant process. However, the means of total Enterobacteriaceae counts were significantly reduced by the washing process. Disinfection with Virkon did not further reduce the numbers of Enterobacteriaceae. In general, the cleaning processes used in wood and metal barns were effective in reducing Enterobacteriaceae counts. In Experiment 2, neither the mean of total aerobic bacterial counts nor Enterobacteriaceae counts were affected by the washing process. However, disinfection with Virkon did result in a significant reduction of bacterial numbers. In summary, the disinfectant step performed in the research barn was effective in decreasing both total aerobic and Enterobacteriaceae counts.