人工神经网络NIR定量分析方法及其软件实现

在Visual C＋＋环境中采用面向对象技术，开发了PCA-MBP-NIR定量分析模型软件。通过40份小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱（信噪比为14dB）与含水率所建立的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR模型，对10份未知小麦样品的原始光谱、加噪光谱分别进行含水率的PLS-NIR与PCA-MBP-NIR预测分析。分析表明，对于含噪声的光谱，与PLS建模相比，使用PCA-MBP-NIR对未知样品预测结果具有更高的相关系数，更低的预测误差标准差。     

不同施肥处理对西瓜产量与品质的影响

通过采用“3414”施肥方案,研究了不同氮、磷、钾配施对西瓜产量和品质的影响,试验结果表明,在开封市金明区地力条件下,西瓜667 m2最佳施肥量分别为：N 22.08 kg、P2O512.97 kg、K2O 13.58 kg,最高产量为2974.998 kg,氮、磷、钾比例为1∶0.59∶0.62。     

2种钙肥对菜心生长及品质的影响

采用73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥及1.25 g/L、2.5 g/L和3.75 g/L 3种浓度的氯化钙溶液对菜心进行叶面喷施,研究不同钙肥处理对菜心生长及品质的影响。试验结果表明,不同的钙肥处理均可促进菜心的生长发育,提高叶绿素含量、增加菜心的产量、改善菜心品质,但存在差异,73.0 mg/L的果蔬钙肥处理效果最好,低浓度氯化钙处理对菜心产量和品质影响很小,中浓度氯化钙处理影响比较大,高浓度氯化钙处理比中浓度处理效果差。在不同的生长发育期,作用效应有所不同,在菜心生长的初期各钙肥处理影响不大,生长中后期影响比较大。     

不同嫁接组合对西瓜植株生长及果实品质的影响

采用优质中大果型西瓜品种中科1号为接穗,常规一段嫁接用抗生王、超丰F1、西嫁强生、京欣砧3号、野生西瓜1号、野生西瓜2号为砧木,二段嫁接采用西嫁强生作基砧、超丰F1作中间砧,研究了常规一段嫁接法与二段嫁接法对西瓜生长发育及果实品质的影响。结果表明,采用二段嫁接的西瓜植株生长势、抗枯萎病能力、单果质量、小区产量、中心可溶性固形物含量、瓜瓤果胶含量在所有嫁接组合中表现最佳,果实脆度与对照差异不显著。南瓜类砧木西嫁强生、京欣砧3号在生产上可大量推广,同时二段嫁接法具有一定的推广价值。     

不同成熟度哈密瓜采后生理和品质的变化

哈密瓜是新疆的特产瓜菜之一,但新疆距离哈密瓜主消费区路途遥远,因而开展哈密瓜采收适宜成熟度的研究对其产业发展具有重要意义。对不同成熟度黄皮9818哈密瓜贮藏期间生理及品质变化的试验研究结果表明,不同成熟度黄皮9818果实中心可溶性固形物含量以第2批采收的果实贮藏至第14天最高,为16.99%,且在贮藏结束时其含量也最高,为16.50%;3批果实有机酸、维生素C含量均以第2批果实最高,平均分别为0.83%、28.8610-2mg·g-1;果实硬度,POD、SOD活性,MDA含量则以第1批果实最好。口感方面,贮藏至第28天时,3批果实口感均较好,第1批果实较脆,第2批果实脆甜,第3批果实细腻甘甜。综合不同成熟度黄皮9818哈密瓜贮藏后果实营养品质、生理指标和口感等因素全面考虑,鄯善地区黄皮9818在雌花开放后42d、果实九成熟为适宜采收期。     

不同土壤和氮钾肥配比对莴笋的营养效应研究

通过田间小区试验研究了不同N、K肥料配比对酸性和碱性土壤上两个莴笋品种(科兴 3 号和双尖莴笋)产量及品质的影响.结果表明,不同土壤上施用不同N、K配比肥料对双尖莴笋和科兴 3 号的产量影响不同.在酸性土壤上,对照(N15K10)是适宜两种莴笋高产的最佳N、K肥配比处理.在碱性土壤上种植双尖莴笋时,可以考虑在对照基础上适当地降低N肥用量.在碱性土壤上两种莴笋的产量均高于酸性土壤.减N和增K处理有利于降低莴笋的硝酸盐含量.在酸性土壤上莴笋中的硝酸盐含量高于碱性土壤.莴笋采收后期茎的硝酸盐含量高于叶片.不同施肥处理对两种土壤上科兴3号和双尖莴笋营养品质的作用不一致.在酸性土壤上增施K肥或提高N肥的用量对莴笋营养品质的改善更有效果.莴笋的Vc含量以叶片＞茎,且酸性土壤＞碱性土壤.除双尖莴笋在增K处理(N15K15、N20K15)中茎的可溶性糖含量表现为酸性土＜碱性土以外,其他处理莴笋茎叶中的可溶性糖均为酸性土＞碱性土.不同处理莴笋的氨基酸含量均表现为茎＞叶.     

Comparison of modeling approaches to quantify residue architecture effects on soil temperature and water

RZ-SHAW is a hybrid model, comprised of modules from the Simultaneous Heat and Water (SHAW) model integrated into the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) that allows more detailed simulation of different residue types and architectures that affect heat and water transfer at the soil surface. RZ-SHAW allows different methods of surface energy flux evaluation to be used: (1) the SHAW module, where evapotranspiration (ET) and soil heat flux are computed in concert with a detailed surface energy balance; (2) the Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) module for ET in which soil surface temperature is assumed equal air temperature; and (3) the PENFLUX module, which uses a Penman transformation for a soil slab under incomplete residue cover. The objective of this study was to compare the predictive accuracy of the three RZ-SHAW modules to simulate effects of residue architecture on net radiation, soil temperature, and water dynamics near the soil surface. The model was tested in Akron, Colorado in a wheat residue-covered (both standing and flat) no-till (NT) plot, and a reduced till (RT) plot where wheat residue was incorporated into the soil. Temperature difference between the soil surface and ambient air frequently exceeded 17 °C under RT and NT conditions, invalidating the isothermal assumption employed in the S–W module. The S–W module overestimated net radiation (R_n) by an average of 69 Wm⁻² and underestimated the 3-cm soil temperature (T_s3) by 2.7 °C for the RT plot, attributed to consequences of the isothermal assumption. Both SHAW and PENFLUX modules overestimated midday T_s3 for RT conditions but underestimated T_s3 for NT conditions. Better performances of the SHAW and PENFLUX surface energy evaluations are to be expected as both approaches are more detailed and consider a more discretized domain than the S–W module. PENFLUX simulated net radiation slightly better than the SHAW module for both plots, while T_s3 was simulated the best by SHAW, with a mean bias error of +0.1 °C for NT and +2.7 °C for RT. Simulation results for soil water content in the surface 30 cm (θ_v30) were mixed. The NT conditions were simulated best by SHAW, with mean bias error for θ_v30 within 0.006 m³ m⁻³; RT conditions were simulated best by the PENFLUX module, which was within 0.010 m³ m⁻³.     

甜、糯玉米增温种植效果的研究

试验研究增温对甜、糯玉米种植效果的结果表明,增温种植育苗 覆膜、育苗比直播种植减产幅度较大,然而由于增温种植提前乳熟收获6~31d,在反季市场价格支持下,早熟、中早熟品种的增温种植比直播提高经济效益4.1%~37.2%,为经济有效地开发甜、糯玉米产业提供了科学依据。     

盖膜层数及酿热物厚度对烤烟苗床微气象特征的影响

不同盖膜层数及下垫不同厚度酿热物，改变了烤烟苗床的温度、湿度及光照度分布规律，形成了各不的微气象特征，进而影响烟苗的生长发育，根据贵州的试验结果表明：盖3层膜和单层膜下垫12 观厚酿热物苗床的微气象特征对烟苗生长有利，达到培育壮苗的目的.     

浅谈拼配技术在茉莉花茶中的应用

本文主要论述了拼配技术在茉莉花茶中的应用,及其对花茶品质的改善和稳定进行简要阐述。