ISSR方法在蓖麻蚕品种遗传多样性研究中的应用

采用ISSR技术对8个蓖麻蚕品种进行了基因组DNA多态性研究,并分析了其相互间的遗传差异。结果表明,所采用的19个ISSR引物中,有9个引物在供试的8个蓖麻蚕品种中都有扩增产物并能够很好重复,其中二碱基重复序列引物扩增效果要比三碱基和四碱基重复序列高,说明在蓖麻蚕基因组中二碱基重复序列的丰度可能比三碱基和四碱基重复序列的丰度高。这9个引物在8个蓖麻蚕品种中共获得ISSR标记76个,其中29个标记在品种间表现多态性。根据试验结果,用Nei的方法计算了蓖麻蚕品种间的遗传距离为0.0681~0.2703。根据各品种间的遗传距离,用UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了聚类图。     

Collection of Lupinus angustifolius L. Germplasm and Characterisation of Morphological and Molecular Diversity

Lupinus angustifolius L. is a Mediterranean species, domesticated in the 20th century, representing an important grain legume crop in Australia and other countries. This work is focused on the collection of wild germplasm and on the characterisation of morphological and molecular diversity of germplasm accessions. It reports the collection of 81 wild L. angustifolius accessions from the South and Centre of Portugal, available at the ‘Instituto Superior de Agronomia Gene Bank’, with subsequent morphological and molecular characterisation of a selection of these and other accessions. A multivariate analysis of morphological traits on 88 L. angustifolius accessions (including 59 wild Portuguese accessions, 15 cultivars and 14 breeding lines) showed a cline of variation on wild germplasm, with plants from Southern Portugal characterised by earlier flowering, higher vegetative development and larger seeds. AFLP and ISSR molecular markers grouped modern cultivars as sub-clusters within the wider diversity of wild germplasm, revealing the narrow pool of genetic diversity on which domesticated accessions are based. The importance of preserving, characterising and using wild genetic resources for L. angustifolius crop improvement is outlined by the results obtained.     

RAPD and ISSR molecular markers in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Olea europaea</Emphasis> L.: Genetic variability and molecular cultivar identification

Thirty Portuguese and eight foreign olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars were screened using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Twenty RAPD primers amplified 301 reproducible bands of which 262 were polymorphic; and 17 ISSR primers amplified 204 bands of which 180 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by ISSR and RAPD was similar (88 and 87%, respectively). The genetic variability observed was similar in the Portuguese and foreign olive cultivars. Seven ISSR and 12 RAPD primers were able to distinguish individually all 38 olive cultivars. Twenty specific molecular markers are now available to be converted into Sequence Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. Relationships among Portuguese and foreign cultivars is discussed.     

Comparison between phenetic characterisation using RAPD and ISSR markers and phenotypic data of cultivated chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)

Patterns of phenotypic and phenetic variability in sixPortuguese cultivars of chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) are evaluated. Morphological characterisationwas based on the quantification of seventeen traits. Varianceanalysis showed significant differences among cultivars, and cultivar× year for all the traits studied, and trees within cultivarsshowed also some significant differences for some of themorphological variables. A significant correlation was obtainedbetween length of the leaf blade and the percentage of unisexual andandrogynic inflorescence with the effective thermal index,accumulated rainfall from April to October and from July to October,or the accumulated temperature below seven during the dormant period.Principal Component and cluster analysis were performed to group thecultivars, according to their similarity coefficients. For molecularcharacterisation, 125 RAPD and 157 ISSR polymorphic markers wereamplified using 28 and 7 primers respectively. High level ofcongruence among the two marker systems (r =90.5%) was obtained from comparison of pheneticsimilarities based on the percentage of shared fragments. ISSRmarkers revealed important advantages over RAPDs, due to a higheffective multiplex ratio (12.5 for ISSR compared with 2.2 forRAPD analysis) and reproducibility. Although morphological andmolecular results are comparable, slight differences are showed incluster analysis UPGMA dendrograms. Molecular analysis explainedhomonym situations among 'Martainha' and'Longal' cultivars in Portugal.     

基于ISSR标记的韭菜种质资源遗传多样性初探

为深化韭菜种质资源遗传多样性研究,应用ISSR分子标记方法,进行韭菜资源遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。筛选15条多态性好的ISSR引物,对36份韭菜种质资源建立起DNA指纹库,扩增指纹多态性比率达96.3%,是韭菜种质资源研究的一种有效分子标记;应用Nei-li相似系数法估算出36份材料间的遗传相似系数(genetic similarity)为0.60～0.82,遗传多样性比较丰富。可见,ISSR分子标记是进一步开展韭菜种质资源DNA指纹库构建与分子标记辅助育种技术研究的有效手段。     

河北省棉花黄萎病菌致病性与ISSR遗传分化

 从河北省17个主要植棉县采集棉花黄萎病株,分离获得52个黄萎病菌单孢菌系,对其培养特性、致病性和ISSR(Inter-simple sequence repeat)遗传分化进行了研究。菌系培养性状研究表明,在采集的52个菌系中,菌核型菌系最多,其次是菌丝型,最少的是中间型,3种类型菌系分别占总菌系的51.9%,38.5%和9.6%。利用7个抗、感不同的鉴别寄主在光、温、湿可控的生长室鉴定了病菌的致病性,供试菌系可分为致病力强、中、弱3种类型(Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型),分别占供试菌系的51.9%,21.2%和26.9%。在供试菌系中存在比落叶型菌系致病力还要强的非落叶型菌系。基于病情指数的聚类分析结果表明,河北省棉花黄萎病菌系存在明显致病力分化,但与地理来源无关。菌核型菌系和中间型菌系多表现为强致病力或中等致病力,而菌丝型菌系的致病力变化较大。在136个ISSR标记中,80个属于多态性标记,多态性位点百分率达58.8%。基于ISSR的聚类分析结果表明,河北省棉花黄萎病菌的遗传分化较小,并且遗传分化与地理来源相关。     

应用SRAP与ISSR分析烟草种质资源遗传多样性及遗传演化关系

应用ISSR与SRAP两种分子标记,研究国内外96份烟草种质的遗传多样性及不同栽培类型种质的遗传演化关系。表明烟属种间具有丰富的遗传多样性,种间的遗传相似性(GS)在0.28~0.58之间,遗传分化系数(Gst)为0.83。普通栽培种品种间遗传多样性水平较低,品种间的遗传相似性在0.61~0.99之间,栽培种内的遗传多样性为烤烟>晒晾烟>白肋烟>香料烟。当相似系数在0.67作切割线时,基于2种标记的96份烟草种质资源的聚类结果为,(1)普通烟草栽培品种材料91份聚在同一大类,而黄花烟、黏烟草、浅波烟草、哥西氏烟草、香甜烟草5个种也分别为单独的个类,同普通烟草栽培种类群完全区别开来;(2)从进化上看,烤烟和晒晾烟间的遗传进化关系最近,香料烟和黄花烟之间的亲缘关系较远;普通烟草栽培种中国内外来源的烟草品种亲缘关系极其相近,遗传分化现象甚微;(3)2种分子标记虽然原理不同,但分析结果趋势相近(r=0.68,P=1.000)。     

多倍体无籽罗汉果及其亲本遗传背景的ISSR分析

 应用ISSR分子标记探讨多倍体无籽罗汉果及其亲本材料的遗传背景。结果发现：多倍体无籽罗汉果及其亲本的相似性系数为0.6399 ~ 0.8566,F₁代与四倍体母本之间的平均相似性系数高于其与二倍体父本之间的相似性系数,说明子代从母本继承的遗传物质更多,遗传上倾向母本。且F₁代与亲本之间的平均遗传相似性系数大于或小于亲本之间,随亲本的组合和相应的F₁代而定;结合聚类图和双变量主坐标分析,可知：基本上子代和母本排列并聚在一起,而且父本、母本、子代彼此之间距离相对较近地聚在一起;因此还是体现了“子似亲”的遗传现象。     

桦褐孔菌ISSR-PCR反应体系优化与建立

采用改良CTAB法提取了桦褐孔菌总DNA,确定ISSR最适25 μL反应体系为模板DNA浓度15 ng·μL-1,dNTPs 浓度150 μmol· L-1,引物浓度25 μmol·L-1,Taq DNA聚合酶浓度2.0 U,Mg2+浓度1.4 mmol· L-1,10×buffer 2.5 μL,其余用ddH2O补足;确定ISSR扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min,35个循环:94℃变性1 min、45℃～51℃退火1 min(退火温度因不同引物而定)、72℃延伸1 min,最后72℃延伸5 min,4℃保存.筛选出16条ISSR引物,并成功应用引物UBC842完成了21株桦褐孔菌的ISSR-PCR反应.     

巨大革耳遗传多样性的ISSR分析

为确定巨大革耳种质资源问的亲缘关系,本文应用ISSR分子标记技术,对来源不同地区的野生或栽培的9个巨大革耳菌株进行遗传多样性分析。从20个引物筛选获得4个ISSR多态性引物对巨大革耳菌株扩增,获得23条多态性条带,多态性比率为85．19％;对扩增结果进行聚类分析,当遗传距离为20％时,9个菌株聚为2类：I类包括C．m0002菌株;Ⅱ类包括其它的8个菌株。其中C．m0002菌株与其它8个菌株的遗传距离很远。经栽培出菇实验,结果表明,C．m0002菌株的子实体似多脂鳞伞（黄伞）,是同名异种;其它8个菌株均为巨大革耳。ISSR分析的结果与子实体形态特征一致。